As presented in Part Two of
the work, the truth of man and the world is dependent origination says that man
and the world is conditioned by birth, is selfless and does not belong to
anyone, it's just the operation of the five aggregates
...
- Part III
- Theory of human nature manifested through the Pali Canon
III.1. Chapter 1: The contemporary
theory of Human
III.1.1: Theoretical HumanIII.2. Chapter 2: People are the five aggregates III.2.1: The five aggregates |
As presented in Part Two of the work, the truth of
man and the world is dependent origination says that man and the world is
conditioned by birth, is selfless and does not belong to anyone, it's just the
operation of the five aggregates. Thus the so-called 'theory of personality' is empty.
Efforts of the
authors do not have to search for a theory of personality through the Pali
Canon, which is to examine the operations of body, word and thought, what the
author calls the operation of the listings colors, or the operation of the five
aggregates, to find a way of life leads to personal happiness in the present and
here. However,
the authors still believe some of the contemporary theory of personality in the
education sector still useful in helping people understand some aspects of the
psychology and morality of others, the author went to to revise the theory to
improve them before going into the operation of the
aggregates.
The contemporary theory of human nature
Most personality theories applied in the current
school are formed in the second half of the nineteenth century and the twentieth
century calendar. All the theory in order to explore human-like What are the theory of
relativity and useful practices. Here the author refers only to the typical theory
through three basic steps to find out: personality theory, the characteristic of
personality, the look and re-evaluate them.
III.1.1. Theory of human
nature
Calvin S. Hall and Gardner Lindzey, in the book entitled 'The
Theoretical personality', wrote:
'Allport (1937) in a very thorough survey of the
literature has cited his fifty-defined and classified into several broad
categories. Here, we only pay attention to some other defined in the definition.
First, it is
important to distinguish between what Allport called the definition of social
life and the definition of life - physical. The definition of social
life shows that very close to the commonly used definition of 'word' capital
'personality' is equivalent to 'the value of social stimulation' of the
individual. The reaction of other individuals on the subject defines 'personality' of
the subject. We can confirm that the individual did not have the 'personality' in
addition to the reaction of others to offer. Allport, ... suggested that the
definition of life - which is to physical 'personality' to hold on to the
properties or qualities of the subject, the more popular
...
Other definitions are consolidated emphasis on
functional organization of the 'personality'. In some other definition,
the 'personality' is considered unique or personal aspects of morality
...
After all, few theorists view personality is of the
nature of the human condition ... Allport said that 'the human personality is like the
real thing' will illustrate this definition '(1).
The above concept of personality by thinking man's
own ego and by the six sensory information sources that supply. Both, human thinking, and
the six senses are the factors that can not be trusted, as the authors
discussed, like the conclusion of personality achieved must be reviewed in the
light of the Coast starting.
In real life, man is the existence of the process of
becoming the psychological and physical. All the efforts of the theory of personality to
define what man is, the only means to stop the process of becoming that: it is
not human-like, also not a good way to understand 'people itself', so any a
search 'personality' who see it as an entity that is always down to play with.
This will be
proved when we go into the features of the personality theory and revise those
theories.
III.1.2.: Features of human
nature
From what Larry A. Hjelle and Daniel J.Ziegler
write about all aspects of personality in the book, 'The Theoretical
personality', we can mention the following features: (2)
1. Most definitions emphasize the importance of the
character or ethos. The expression of the ethos that, what makes a man clearly different from
the others.
2. Personality is what abstraction is built on the
basic inference based on observation of morality.
3. Personality represents a process of self-development
depends on many influences inside and outside of the person, including the
genetic and physiological orientation, social experience, and the changing
conditions of the environment students.
4. The basic definition of personality is different
theorists. We
should add that the definition of personality not necessarily right or wrong,
but more or less useful for psychologists to continue to study, in the
interpretation of the regularity of the nature of human happiness
...
Each definition or theory of personality are given a
characteristic of personality. Sigmund Freud believed that the nature of human
behavior by unconscious factors and irrational decisions. Maslow believed that most
human action is the result of reason and freedom of choice. Carl Gustav Jung said that
human beings have two types of personality: introvert and extrovert.
Carl Rogers,
who advocated different from Freud, saying that the current interpretation of
man's past experiences influence on human morality current rather than the
existence of that experience, etc.
It can be said that the psychology, psychotherapy or
the theory of personality can explore the many features of the human personality
sole opinion or their own professional experience. This shows that the true
nature of man, or true personality, truly selfless: due to the presence of self
that personality may appear under many true face as perceived . Therefore, the
characteristics of personality has been detected, the human understanding as to
reap more. Only one thing to note is 'man-itself', is like a stream of water flowing
forever, but the characteristics of personality just mentioned is that the flow
of water through the water terminals. That will be seen through the contemporary theory of
personality.
III.1.3: Looking back on
the typical theory of human nature
There are many personality theories used in the
education sector Psychology today. The theory that of Cloning a review or morality
argument. Here
are some typical theory.
Theory of Sigmud Freud
(1856-1939):
In Germany, in the mid-nineteenth century,
psychology known as 'analysis of normal adult human consciousness'. Freud, have different
views. For
Freud, the human mind is like a block of ice that small ice above the water, a
symbol of the activity of consciousness, and huge chunks of ice submerged under
water, the symbol of the presence of the unconscious, where the strong desire,
the desire, the pent-up feelings and ideas strongly influenced the thinking and
actions of the individuals present.
According to Freud, personality structure is
composed of three parts: function (id), self (ego) and the super-ego
(superego).
Instincts (id):
'Instinct is a watershed system of personality;
standard it is a place where conscious and super clear separation. Instincts (id), including
what psychologically inherited and present at birth, including the instinct.
It is a source
of psychological energy storage capacity and provide for the operation of
conscious and super ...
Instincts (id) can not tolerate the growth of power
makes people feel tense, uncomfortable. As a result, when the body's stress levels increase,
as a result of external stimuli or stimuli from the inside, the instinctive
functions that eliminate stress and give instant can return low energy level and
often pleasant. This stress reduction principle that a performance called 'pleasure
principle' (3).
Consciousness (ego):
'The sense of presence is due to the needs of the
body requires the communication with the world of reality and objectivity.
Consciousness
must comply with the 'reality principle' ...
Principle of reality, often temporarily delayed
final pleasure, though pleasure principle also meet the requirements when the
requested object is present, and thus the stress reduction ... principles in decision
instinct will be to meet and respond in a way ... ' (4).
Super (super-ego):
'Super-consciousness is the representative voice of
the traditional values and social ideals ...
Hyper-expression ideal than reality
...
The main function of the super-formula
is:
1. Prevent the impulse of instinct (id), especially the
impulse of 'attacking nature' or under 'sex' (xexuality), because it is urged
that the expression of them always severe social
condemnation.
2. Convincing sense of (ego) use the alternative
objective morality objective reality, and:
3. Efforts to perfection '. (5)
Conclusions about the introduction (id), or sense
of self (ego), and hyper-or super ego (supergo), Hall and Lindzey wrote:
'... Three parts of human nature that work together as a
group operating under the leadership of consciousness' (6).
The authors think that the instincts that Freud
refers is the root and is a very important part of the personality. It exists only in the form
of the sexual instinct and the sexual desire. Humans, according to
Freud, such as the presence of sexual activity (sex): the desire for sex and
satisfy sexual desires. This man is none other than the eternal slaves of
instinct, of super-consciousness, and of the conflict between instinct and
super-consciousness, or people are just born slaves of the past and of
conventional values generated by theoretical thinking, which we call social or
moral goodness. As long as people do not want to accept the slavery that, as long as
people will never accept the theory of personality and Freud. In fact, people are free
to choose what you want for your real life: he can to tame or remove sexual
desire but do not see the stress or suffering.
True Dependent Origination, things can not itself
be present, which is conditioned by birth, it is only the existence of the coast
or in temporary and. This suggests that the sexual instinct is also conditioned by the
students, they can not be seen as the foundation of the so-called personality.
Moreover,
under the facts of life, when an object is present, the opposite of it is also
present. This
event is said that the human psychology (or the state of mind) to remove the
sexual instinct - known as non-sexual desires - were also present. This is what Freud does
not mention in his theory of personality.
With the pleasure principle, or principle stress
reduction, it was the expression repeated the 'sex' in the lives of human beings
to eliminate stress or hardships, and bring pleasure or happiness, but the
result was so suspicious, because people in everyday life is forever on the
road, looking for happiness: they search for happiness that is not present
happiness, happiness is still in out of the reach of man. Thus, how one can make the
pleasure principle eliminate altogether the mental stress? Again, the experience of
life have expressed that the 'sex' can cause boredom 'sex' or cause other severe
stress, how to explain the meaning: 'stress reduction he'? (!).
In life, the human stress can arise from many a
source other than sexual problems. In this case, if Freud's pleasure principle bring
real stress reduction? ...
From the aforementioned problems, the authors came
to the assessment that:
- The desire for sex was important to people, but
it is not all; it is not the deciding factor 'personality' or 'whole
person'.
- The sex or the pleasure principle that Freud
discussed can bring pleasure to people, but it can also bring misery.
Meet the
requirements of the beneficiaries of pleasure can not solve the problem of human
suffering or happiness.
- Freud's personality theory can be very useful for
the modern school, but a good education guidelines can not be built on the basis
of the theory.
- The discovery of the 'unconscious' of Freud's man
can be accepted as part of the individual should be considered, but the truth is
nothing is a problem that the author will mention in the next section (III.
2.)
Personality theories of
Carl Gustav Jung (1875 - 1961):
Carl Gustav Jung was a young psychoanalyst in
Zurich. 1907m
after Freud visited in Austria, Jung Freud asserts will inherit Freud.
Three years
later, the relationship between Jung and Freud are broken, by Jung rejected
Freud's sexual theory completely as Jung said, 'The immediate reason is that
Freud his identification method with theory about his sexuality, which I find
unacceptable is' (7) Jung then proceed to formulate the theory of psychoanalysis
and 'methods of psychotherapy' of Jung.
Calvin S. Hall and Gardner Lindzey wrote:
'... With Freud, only the repetitive's extremely
instinctive sexuality issues until death. For Jung, there is a continuous development and
often creative, looking for whole and complete, and a desire rebirth
'(8).
And:
'The whole, as Jung called, including a variety of
distinct but mutually group. The group is conscious (ego), personal unconscious
and its complexes, the collective unconscious and models of human nature as
social personality, character, male female, male character in women, and
animals. In
addition to these interdependent groups, also form the psychological inward,
outward, and the functions of thinking, perceptions, feelings and intuition.
After all,
there is a self which is the center of the whole personality
'(9).
For Jung, the sense of self (ego) means that the
thoughts, memories, thoughts and feelings consciously; include unconscious
feelings what was in every sense, but then it has been repressed, compression,
forgotten or ignored, and feeling too weak to cause conscious impression in
people; collective unconscious that is a repository for latent memories (still
asleep) assumes enjoy from ancestral past ...; social personality is the mask
that each person brings to meet the requirements of social conventions and
traditions, and to meet the psychological needs of the samples in the inner man;
model femininity in men and masculinity in women is the only child as an animal
bisexual (male and female are present in both men and women); samples of animals
including the animal instinct that humans inherited in the evolution from lower
forms of life; finally, the self, according to Jung, which means' personality
'or' weight of personality 'that all human psychological factors such as
satellites revolving around it.
Authors think, Jung's efforts to specify the
limitations of Freud's theory of personality, but Jung's personality theory, as
mentioned above, is also limited. The theory was introduced only the subjective and
objective effects to the human mind, but can not be said to be human-like.
It can not be
considered a theory of personality and the ideal form of
education.
Theory of Alfred Adler
(1870 - 1937):
Alfred Adler was born in Vienna in 1870 and died in
Aberdeen, Scotland in 1937, is a psychiatrist, a member of the Austrian
psychoanalyst, then the president of the Association. He followed Freud's
psychoanalysis and terminate contact with that psychoanalysis and founded a
group called the 'individual psychology' (Individual Psychology). Adler has published over
one hundred books, which brings practice and theory of individual psychology 'is
probably the best introduction to Adler's theory of
personality.
Calvin S. Hall and Gardner Lindzey assessment
that:
'In contrast to Freud's assumption that the nature
of human behavior is the innate instinct agitation, in contrast to Jung's main
premise that the nature of human behavior is due to the innate psychological
patterns dwell. Adler said that humans are mainly excited by the social promotion.
People
themselves contact with others, engage in activities that personality and social
cooperation, putting the welfare of society above the selfish interests of
individuals, and there is a prominent lifestyle social nuances ... Freud emphasized sex, Jung
emphasized the ideological form from the outset, and Adler emphasized the social
benefits.
Adler's second major contribution to personality
theory is his theory of creative self ...
The third characteristic of Adler's psychology as
psychologists are totally different from classical psychoanalysis is the
emphasis on the unique personality ...
Finally Adler consciousness is the center of
personality, making Adler became a pioneer in the development of a psychologist
- the user - to - conscious (ego) '(10) .
The discovery of the most useful of Adler's
personality theory is the emphasis on social benefits, self creativity and
consciousness is the center of personality. This discovery provides a
significant contribution to the field of personality theory. However, in the light of
interdependence, consciousness is the result of the operation of two ignorant
and administration, which is not the center of the personality. How then Adler's theory
also needs to be adjusted as the theories of Freud and Jung.
Theory personality of
Erich Fromn (1900)
Fromn born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1900.
Do PhD at
Heidenberg University in 1922; then to the United States in 1933 and taught at
the Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis as a teacher. Fromn also taught at the
University of the United States and Mexico (Mexico). Point of Fronm of
personality was Callivn S. Hall and Gardner Lindzey stated
that:
'Any form of human society by design, or is feudal,
capitalist, fascist, socialist or communist expression are an attempt to address
the fundamental contradiction of people. Human conflict that includes both animal and human.
As human
animals need a certain number of physical needs that need to be satisfied.
As humans, we
have autonomy, reason and imagination. The feeling is particularly full of the sense of
kindness, love and compassion, the desire understanding attitude,
responsibility, unity, totality, disadvantages, transcendence and self- by, and
the values, the rules' (11).
And:
'People of our properties under development
opportunities that society offers' (12).
Like people in society look of Erich Fromn very
real and quite open. Theory of Fromn just sum up the attitude and lifestyle of the people
that Fromn trust certificates present in each person. Attitudes toward life, the
way of life of the first to meet the needs and desires of physics, require food,
water, physical facilities, sex and some other things related to the second
medium including money, attention, love and success. The second attitude and
lifestyle expression of human qualities to meet the requirements of the mind as
the quote mentioned above. All the things mentioned above belong to the
so-called List sharp after the operation of ignorance, only lead to suffering
and pain. Fromn can not be further steps in opening the road to true human
happiness in the present and here. As well as other theories of personality.
Fromn really
fell into confusion between personal and social issues.
And personality theories
of Skinner (1904)
Skinner is a morality education (behaviorist) are
known, they have rejected the presence of the factor of unconscious conflict,
psychological patterns, the definition characteristics as the existing
assumptions of inner factors decide nature of human behavior, Skinner
wrote:
'I define theory is an attempt to explain the
nature of human behavior is what will continue to exist in the world, such as
the human mind or the nervous system. I do not believe the theory that would be
particularly useful. Furthermore, they are dangerous, they cause everything disorder.
But I expect
a theory of human nature well, on all theories, will gather to perform and will
present it in a way more general. I would love to promote this theory, and I see
myself as a theory (Evans, 1968, p. 88) '(13).
Skinner continues:
- 'I do not need to attempt to discover what really
kind of personality, the state (or realms) of consciousness, sensation special
focus on the virtues of the plan, the purpose, the intention, or the
prerequisite of human beings to adapt to the scientific analysis of morality
'(14).
- 'In the analysis of morality, man is a creature
... capital a
stock morality ... Man is not a factor in the beginning, which is where many of the genetic
and environmental causes and conditions in celebration for a common purpose
(Skinner, 1974, pp. 167 - 168) '(15).
Thus, Skinner's theory of personality is nothing
more than a sample group of morality are the characteristics of the individuals
and see how the actions of individuals as the product of a lot of consolidation,
support was: we do what we are supporting, strengthening to
do.
That is the very real contributions of Skinner in
educational psychology in understanding the nature of human behavior, and it was
also the theoretical limitations of Skinner's personality to get people as they
really are, because the nature of human behavior is a far cry from the man
itself.
As a morality, BF Skinner can not do anything
better to help people to identify themselves, the cause of human sorrow and in
happiness and peace of mind in the present and in this . Most theories of morality
are built on the basis of philosophical of Science Reality treatise '(Scientific
Realism) organic thinking dominated by ego and by the limitations of the six
human senses, what the author can be drawn from the American Psychological
industry education. On the other hand, in the line of educational psychology, the theory of
human personality under the argument is built on the basis of philosophical of
Existentialism theory (Existentialism) and Phenomenology (Phenomenology), looks
good much, but they do not tell the truth of human life and the way to
happiness. Let us continue to explore the human theory.
Personality theory of
Maslow (1908):
Abraham Harold Maslow born in Brosklyn, New York,
1908. His
parents were Jewish minority education, immigration from Russia with seven
children that Maslow is his eldest son. Maslow has written:
' In childhood, strangely I was not mentally ill. I am a Jewish boy living
among non-Jewish neighbors. It bristling as the first black American school
enrollment of white students. I was lonely and unhappy. Growing up between the
library and the books that did not have any friends (Hall, 1968, p. 37)
'.
'There is something bitterness and resentment in
the relationship between Maslow and his mother, while the father is seen as just
like whiskey, women and fights' (Wilson 1972. P. 131)
'.
Maslow studied Psychology at the University of
Wisconsin, BA 1930, high school in 1931 and Ph.D. in 1934. He
wrote:
'My life really started when I got married and went
to Wisconsin' (Hall, 1968. P. 37).
In the book 'The theory of personality', Hjelle and
Ziegler Maslow wrote about that:
'After parking Dr, Maslow returned to New York to
work with scholarly theories, the most famous E. l. Thorndike at Columbia
University. He moved to New York during this time ... It was here that he faced
the elite of European intellectuals, who were forced to flee Hitler.
Erich Formn,
Algred Adler, Karen Horney, Ruth Benedict, Mak Wertheimer ... a few of whom Maslow
looking met to improve his understanding of the nature of human behavior (human
behavior). The cordial talks and challenging experience that the famous scholar was
provided helped form the intellectual foundation for the human perspective of
Maslow later '(16).
In the educational world, if Skinner is one of the
personality theory of morality argument (Behaviorism) the most famous, Maslow is
one of the theory of human personality under review (Hummanism) the most famous,
those philosophical constructed on the basis of Existentialism and
Phenomenology, as mentioned above, but the general point can be expressed as
follows:
'... The Existential Republic stressed the idea that
each of us take responsibility for what we are, and how we have become.
As Sartre
said: 'man is nothing other than what they create for themselves'. It is the first principle
of existentialism theory '(17).
And:
'The most important concept that the human
psychology drawn from birth theory is' concept becoming'. Man never stands still;
children who are always in the process of becoming a new person
'(18).
- 'The human cognitive psychology finding a
meaningful and happy life is not easy. This is especially genuine in time there are many
contradictions and profound changes in culture, where traditional beliefs and
values of not providing guidance deserve a good life for finding meaning in
human life. After all, the students claimed that only a personal and subjective
reality, which is not the objective, but everyone knows. Phenomenology views, or
the views of 'now and now' (19).
According to Hjelle and Ziegler's view of Maslow's
view, wrote in the aforementioned book (p. 461), Maslow believed that people are
basically free and responsible lifestyle choices to live. His freedom to help people
decide what and how. Therefore, the perspective of Maslow really seemed full of optimism, he
concluded that: 'People own practical life', just as a form of education,
expressed the following characteristics:
1) There are more efficient perception of reality.
2) Accept the self, acceptance of others and things.
3) Self-developed, simple and natural.
4) As the heart of the problem ...
5) not attached: need private life (in addition to the intervention of the public).
6) Independence: independent culture and the environment.
7) Always have a new understanding.
8) Online test mysterious ...
9) Social Interest ...
10) There are relatively deep personal connections.
11) properties democracy.
12th) Measure between means and ends.
13) Funny calculate philosophy.
14) Creative.
15) Keep your independence and resist some point in culture (20).
2) Accept the self, acceptance of others and things.
3) Self-developed, simple and natural.
4) As the heart of the problem ...
5) not attached: need private life (in addition to the intervention of the public).
6) Independence: independent culture and the environment.
7) Always have a new understanding.
8) Online test mysterious ...
9) Social Interest ...
10) There are relatively deep personal connections.
11) properties democracy.
12th) Measure between means and ends.
13) Funny calculate philosophy.
14) Creative.
15) Keep your independence and resist some point in culture (20).
Human nature or human nature, in Maslow's view,
very, very existential, and very positive, but in fact it is a present many of
the following characteristics are considered the conditions to psychological
development. It is not the people itself. Maslow did not specify the subject and create
features that do not specify the root of suffering, human suffering, how
individuals can train yourself to possess the characteristics he? How individuals can dispel
all the negativity? Looks like there is something like a fog is present Maslow's theory?
In Maslow
thoughts?
Personality theory of Carl
Ransom Rogers (1902-1987):
Carl Ransom Rogers was born in Oak Park (a suburb
of Chicago), Illinois, in 1902. He was the fourth child of six people in a family
financially successful and happy. At high school, he did not have any friends outside
his family;'ve spent all their time in reading a book, any book that he
encountered, even encyclopaedias. Always been top-notch in his classes. Do a BA in History in 1924
at the University of Wisconsin, and then get married, live happily with Hellen
Elliot Rogers, his wife and his lover, he wrote: 'I have good friends, there are
many new ideas and full of love '(1967, p. 353).
Rogers studied psychology and education from high
school in 1928, and a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology (therapist) 1931.
Rogers worked
as a psychologist at the Children's Division states in Rochester, New York, and
was named class 'professor' at the department of Psychology, Ohio State
University in 1939. He has published 'Clinical Pediatric Therapy' in 1939; 'Guide to
Psychotherapy' in 1942; professor of psychology and director of the Center for
Psychological Guide University, at the University of Chicago. In here from 1945 to 1957
he completed his major works: 'Psychological therapy focuses on client:
Practical and theoretical implications' in 1951.
In 1957, Rogers returned to the University of
Wisconsin working in the Division of Psychology and Pathology Center.
In 1964 he
worked at the Nature Center Western behavior (WBSI) in Lajolla,
California.
In 1969, Rogers left WBSI, to work at the Center
for research on human beings, in Lajolla, California until his death in 1987 due
to a heart attack.
Born money, Rogers received numerous
awards:
- In 1946, was elected president of the American
Psychological Association (APA) and was awarded the 'Optimize class professional
contributions of APA'. On this occasion, he read a speech in which he
said: 'I have to express an idea whose time has come, as if a stone is dropped
into the water and spread out the ripples. Personal thoughts are the source of great
initiatives within themselves to change their lives, and these initiatives
sources can be mobilized and given a proper air '(1937. P .
4).
Rogers has published several
books:
Psychotherapy and personality change (1954).
- To become a human (1961).
'Freedom to learn: A view of what education might become' (1969).
- Carl Rogers, the the unintended group meeting (1970).
- Carl Rogers, the human capacity (1977).
existing road (1980).
'Freedom to learn for the 80' (1983) .
- To become a human (1961).
'Freedom to learn: A view of what education might become' (1969).
- Carl Rogers, the the unintended group meeting (1970).
- Carl Rogers, the human capacity (1977).
existing road (1980).
'Freedom to learn for the 80' (1983) .
Hjelle and Ziegler reviews (ibid, pp. 488 - 489),
Carl Ransom Rogers could be a Psychology and Psychotherapy most popular from
1950 to 1983. Let us follow the thought of Rogers of personality or human
nature:
- 'Every interpretation of reality according to his
personal experience, and experience the world's only person to know a whole'
(21).
- 'Expression of Rogers philosophical response of
Phenomenology that,' the so-called real to a system is the existence of the
observation and evaluation of the person, or called world includes everything
under the subjective knowledge of him at any time. In addition, subjective
perception and experience not only created in the privacy of a person, but also
formed the basis for the actions of man '(22).
And:
- 'Most of Rogers rejected Freud's position that
the historical aspects of the generation of morality is the root element as the
basis for the' personality '. Morality is not determined by something in the
past. Instead, Rogers emphasized the need to understand the relationship of a
person to the environment while he was present and aware of
it.
Our own interpretation of current on past
experience, rather than the existence of that experience and affect the morality
of our contemporary '(23).
The quote above shows that with Rogers, a person
may be aware of the limits of what he is, and the only reality that is real to
him. The
perception and subjective experience of the person building the other reality
and build the basis of his action. The world (or the world experience) is that!
and
personality!
On the one hand, the views of Rogers look things
expression of Phenomenology and the Human Rights argument sounds very human and
cause a very deep impression; on the other hand, indirect recognition of the
limitations of the view that capital was dominated by faulty perceptions and
subjective human experience. Rogers accepted the awareness and other subjective
experiences as the truth of his life, while actually in the light of Dependent
Origination, the knowledge and experience he is wrong and just push to get
people to suffering . This is a major flaw of Rogers' theory of personality. However, in the sense of
personal help reduce mental defilements by the look and the negative attitude
caused, Rogers's theory is still quite useful when he promoted a form of
'practical activities are '(A fully functioning person) in 1980 requires people
expressed the following factors: (24).
1) Openness to experience: 'openness to experience
is the polar opposite of self-defense. Those who are completely open to comments, you can
listen to yourself, ... known to have the deepest feelings and thoughts of
their own '.
2) Life: 'This is the tendency to live a full and
rich in every moment of existence. Because living like that, OCN people aware of what
is new and unique ever felt in his life.
3) The trust: 'Trust in the mean ability in taking
research and to comply with the feeling of one's own mind as the main basis for
selection'.
4) Freedom of: 'Freedom of birth-related inner
feeling that' I am the only person responsible for his actions and the
consequences of that action. '
5) Creation: 'With Rogers, who has a' good life
will 'tip' the creative work (ideas, projects, actions) and outstanding creative
life. Creative people tend to live just with how to build and adapt to the
culture medium to satisfy their deepest needs. They can be very creative
and flexible to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
'
The first attitude 'openness to experience', the
authors think, that is always open but not stop or hold things. This attitude can expect
an experience of the emptiness of things, it is the experience of thinking and
feeling. It's
just one right way to go as the way of life the Buddha taught, the way that
Rogers could not figure out. The second attitude, 'existentialist live', this
attitude can help people remove the negativity by thinking about the past and
the future cause, and help people concentrate on very existential moments which
are always fresh, and unique. But the human experience of reality is only present
when people are completely tame the wrong thoughts and desires. Rogers not only the way of
life as the Buddha introduced the Noble Eightfold Path or the Four Noble Truths
to humans. With a third attitude, 'trust', which means that one needs to choose his
course of action based on what he feels right, but not on the basis of any
source of influence on the outside, or on the basis of the judgment of others.
This is good
sense. But
there are many thoughts, feelings and desires arise in the mind, he or she must
first choose thoughts before choosing courses of action. The correct standard to
follow? What
is the subject of choice? These are the things that Rogers did not mention,
and not to mention, so, Rogers's theory should be supplemented
flawless.
The fourth attitude, is the meaning of
self-responsibility for ourselves. This is essential for good living all
directions.
On the last point, the fifth point, sounds
creativity, wisdom and humanity. It caters to the deepest needs of human beings.
But, what is
the most profound needs leads to true happiness young people now and here?
Rogers's
theory lacks this point, need to be enlightened by the teachings of the Buddha,
the teachings of which the author introduced in 'The four' of the
work.
In short, the thought of Rogers of personality, the
'focused psychological treatments in clients' and the 'form the practical
application' is very good. The idea that education can help make education
opened up a good education for the friendship and for the development of
individuals. But the soul of her education, they must be sought in the doctrine of
Dependent Origination and the five aggregates.
People in aggregates
List excellent factors discussed in the section
'Operation of the twelve dependent origination' is the five aggregates of human
beings, so the operation of the five aggregates, and the receiving of the
operation means that the can get people as they really are.
In Deer Park, where Chu Tien ceiling at Baranaisi
immediately after the first day of teaching the Four Noble Truths, the Buddha
taught the doctrine of five aggregates from Monday to Thursday, for the
venerable Kieu Nhu Tran (Kodanna) ? and four religious patent
authors.
Scripture records that:
'At Benares, in the Deer Park where the Buddha first sermon. Then the Buddha preached to the five monks: 'O bhikkhus, the body is not the self ..., life is not self ... Similarly, perception, volition, consciousness is not self '...Through teaching, the center of the five brethren freed from the cankers, no attachment (1).
Aggregates is the second sermon helped the first
five disciples of Buddha completely destroy the defilements, attaining A-la-han,
seeing the truth of life and true happiness. Let us continue to
understand teachings of the Five Aggregates.
III. 2. 1: The Meaning of the Five
Aggregates
Buddha defined:
Brethren, in what he called the five aggregates. And, brethren, how is the five aggregates associated with grasping? Any of the relatives of the past, future or present ..., far or near, is contraband or contact with attachment. This is called the five aggregates associated with grasping. Any feeling ... perception ... of ..., kind ... ' (1b).
Teaching on the sure
- The aggregate is understood as a physical body,
the body of others and the physical world. Of feeling include pain, feeling happy and feeling
no pain no happiness. This feeling arises from the exposure of the eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
body and mind. Aggregates include ideas about ideas, sound, smell, taste and the law
(or the phenomenal world). Volitional action is all about the body, words and
mind; it also be understood as volitional actions by color, sound, smell, taste,
touch and legal cause. Consciousness, including consciousness,
ear-consciousness, billions of consciousness, tongue consciousness,
body-consciousness and consciousness.
Man is the world! Is due to the condition of
the physical world and mental birth. Each is closely related to others, society and
nature, which itself can never exist. Therefore, man is not-self, impermanence.
People, so as
always holding the self, often feeling pain in life between the truth-self,
impermanence, as the Buddha taught.
'O bhikkhus, is impermanent. What is impermanent is suffering. What suffering is no-self. What's selflessness is not me, not me, not my self. This is why color should be viewed with omniscient wisdom and knowledge as truth. Life is impermanent ..., perception .., ... Consciousness is impermanent ... ' (2).
And:
'Hey brethren, Sac's self. What is human, what is the fate of collective identity began, this was also selfless. Brethren, how Sac, which is due to factors self created, it can be self?Feeling ... perception ... activities ... consciousness ... What is human, what is the fate of the start of Consciousness, which was also self. How Fast it, which by the grace of self created, it can be self? ' (3).
The truth of the human self: the self is not the
self of man, not of man, and man is it not, then the theory of personality and
contemporary education time to find a self and the self that is self of man, of
man, and man is it; how man can find out the answers to your problems?
This is a
very key point, from which the personality theorists and educators know what to
teach individuals, and taught how to be a good society and the environment,
where the people are living, and bring happiness to people. Obviously that is not easy
to convince people to accept this fact of life, but the main point is that
people can not stay away from this truth. This requires education must find a way to help
people see the truth as teaching the following states:
'O bhikkhus, for as many Ganges rivers carry large foam beam, and a bright eye will see bubbles beam him, observe it, and look to take the essence of it. Due to see bubbles beam, observe, by looking at the nature of it, he will see bubbles beam is empty, see it is not nature, will see it is not self. How, brethren, could you fall in that cluster of bubbles?Brethren, let as in the fall, when raining down large raindrops, bubbles floating on the water and then melt away, and a person with good eyesight can see the water bubble it, observe it, looking to take the nature of it, he will find it empty, will not find it in nature, will see it without falling. Brethren, how could fall in the foam float on water?Also, brethren, that everyone has feelings, the past, present or future, far or near, the brethren saw ... brethren will see it has no self. How, brethren, could have self feeling? ... ' (4)
Similar to the illusion was found between the date
of the season for the perception aggregates, aggregates, and
consciousness.
If one sees the truth was, he will boring Year
aggregates; due boring aggregates, he abandoned craving five aggregates; due to
give him, he was liberated and attain the wisdom out that: their
liberation.
Now, to look at things mentioned above, let us look
deep into the human physical body, to observe and analyze them, we can
get?
- Other physical body arises from a fetus due to
'air' (the parents) to make. 'And temperament' was created by the essence of the
food capital by the thousands from the conditions, including conditions in the
presence of the sun away from the earth to 150 million
kilometers.
- He was raised as well as food ... Body that exists outside
the will of the people, and it always changes. How the body that can be
seen as our own? Similarly, the analysis of feeling will help clear: Life is nothing more
than a group aggregates sensation arises from contact; contact details are
contact between exterior colors and the colors. If the aggregate has been
seen not 'I', not 'I', or not 'my self', and is empty of self, of feeling
too.
Thought aggregates, which is the idea of color,
sound, smell, taste, touch and approach. The third form, sound, smell, taste, touch and
measures that belong to the aggregate should be empty, as mentioned above so the
idea of them as well is empty: must we not generally 'I', ' I 'or' my self
'.
Acts of aggregates, it is thinking about color,
sound, smell, taste, contact and legal; but excellent, sound, smell, taste
contact and hollow law was not, not 'me', not 'I' is not to 'self describing',
should also see similar aggregates.
Consciousness, there is the perception arising from
the contact of the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind (with bare six).
Eyes, ears,
nose, tongue, body and mind is empty and not just a 'me', not 'I', not 'My
self', visa aggregates.
The so-called human capital is a set of five
aggregates empty, so people would have to be selfless and not 'me', not 'I', not
'my self'. This is quite strange, but true.
Look like the five aggregates are the intellectual
look (Panna or Vijja) can help people come out of all afflictions. It suggests to people
training themselves to look intellectual and not make people go looking for a
self or personality.
Here you can ask: If the human self is true, then
who? Who took
the consequences of the action? - These questions function implies the existence of
a sense of self (self) really belong capital own ego thinking is ignorance and
concepts, which is not reality. Indeed, human beings are present there, the actions
of human beings are present there, and the consequences of the actions that
people receive are present there. No question about 'who' and 'why' exist in reality:
reality is what to live with, which is not what to talk about or think about.
There are
only two things to be interested in the existence of human destiny and the
reception of human suffering and the requirement to find a way to end her
suffering. Everyone's main problem is how is right view of two that Buddha taught
Kaccanagotta, His disciples:
'Hey sage Channa, I have heard from the metal gates of the Blessed when he teach brethren Kaccanagotta from the main metal gates of him:' Hey Kaccana, building world view based on two points: the existence or not exist: Who chief intellectual as it is the arising of the world does not believe in the existence of the world. But this Kaccana, one with right wisdom that was the end of the world does not believe in the existence of the world. Hey Kaccana, most people in the world attachment systems, imprisoned by dogmas, creeds. Who does not pursue the attachment systems, anyone not clinging systems, who does not appreciate this attachment system, this dogma, prejudice customize this free, he does not say: 'This is a self- My ego '. Who thought, 'what arises is suffering ":' What what perishes is suffering ', which is suffering, no doubt, not embarrassed. On this issue, to him not understanding to borrow from others. This Kaccana for such, right view '.'All existence', this Kaccana, is an extremist. 'Nothing exists' (or all very useful), this Kaccana, is the other extreme. Not go into these two extremes, this Kaccana. Tathagata catechesis according to the 'Middle Way ":' Ignorance does the Action, do activities which consciousness ... '. Thus is the arising of all suffering. Due to the dissolution and termination of Ignorance Should the Removal Action; due to Acts of killing that consciousness ... Thus is the cessation of all suffering '(5).
Basic problems of the people mentioned the Buddha
taught and emphasized. His problem had been repeated many times as the key
teachings through a lot of the Pali Canon. He says:
'Then and now. Statement only suffering and the cessation of suffering '(6).
In addition, the Buddha emphasized what an
individual needs to understand (tri willow) and how the understands (willow
voters) that:
'Bhikkhus, I shall include a description of measures need to know and how to understand the law. Listen, Bhikkhus, what are the measures to be understood? Identity, brethren, that the law should be interpreted clear, Tho .., Chiang ..., Action ..., ..., that the law should be understood.And how is understood those measures? The destruction, the destruction of hatred, the extinction of delusion: Hey brethren called to understand the law '(7).
In short, the Buddha's teaching is the basic
compiler in the Pali Canon focuses on the introduction of the five aggregates
and the way cleared the human desire for the five aggregates, that is to
introduce the arising and the termination of five aggregates. This is the way education
is very real and very human existence promoted to educational goals - that is
the true meaning of happiness or sorrow - and the content of education is
understood In aggregates and the way to extinguish suffering arises from the
five aggregates. The way education was also suggested that a direction of modern
education, in the name of human and human happiness in this life, needs to be
built on the basis of the objectives and content of education above .
The search
for the truth of man and the universe it is time to go back into the five
aggregates clearly, the operation of which will be discussed
next.
II. 2. 2: The operation of the
five aggregates
As mentioned in part (III. 2. 1.) The operation of
the five aggregates is the operation of the list of dependent origination and
identity such as the operation of Dependent Origination. And, the five aggregates
same face; them not be separated from each other. This is an important point
to note before discussing the operation of each of the
aggregates.
The operation of
consciousness:
In the doctrine of Dependent Origination, the human
consciousness is the list size, and as it is born five aggregates; pretty, Food
borne by eleven other side of Dependent Origination which was born, as contained
in following teachings:
'Hey brethren, if someone claims that:' Lust, apart from feeling, apart from perception, in addition to exercise, I would specify the incoming or outgoing, or the cessation or the birth of consciousness' - it is that can not occur. Brethren, if monks quit craving for Excellence, by the abandonment of craving, portrait of consciousness is cut off. Consciousness therefore no basis to exist. Similarly, for feeling, perception, volition.Brethren, if real craving for brethren to give, by giving up attachment, leg standing of Consciousness severed. Therefore consciousness has no basis for existence.No other platform to present, actually no growth or no action and he is freed: due to release it, he abides firm: a firm due dwell he should happiness: the happiness without suffering. Do not have the sorrow he felt completely calm, like he knows: 'birth has to take, the virtues, the to-do list done, life is no longer revert back to these causes and conditions again '(7).
His own desire for form, feeling, perception,
volition and consciousness are activities of the mind, under the administration
of the Dependent Origination, or Acts of the five aggregates. Because of this craving,
Fast start up, development and growth. Craving five aggregates are present is due to the
presence of 'sweetness' of the five aggregates. The sweetness of the five
aggregates are present as by people clinging events themselves fall of beings
called Ignorance. If grasping self, the existence (or ignorance) of the extinction, the
sweetness of the present can not be present, and sweet craving was also
eradicated. If craving the existence annihilated, the cause of suffering - that is
grasping, birth, old age does not arise.; Then extinguish all human suffering
and achieve happiness of mind exit. This also means that the cessation of
consciousness.
Another aspect of the operation of consciousness is
seen as the cause, the root, is the grace of excellent list as mentioned in
(II.1.2.). 'The meaning of the operation of the twelve parts of Dependent
Origination' - but it is not an entity: it consists of six groups: visual
consciousness when there is contact between the eye and sharp; auditory
consciousness to be present when Eye contact between mind and matter; auditory
consciousness is present when there is contact between Italy and France.
If the
contact does not exist, food will not be available and will not be able to
operate. Thus, consciousness is the existence of the group of conditions would
not 'I', 'I' or 'my self'.
The operation of the Acts
of aggregates:
Administrative aggregates is the administration of
the Dependent Origination. It is a collection of works of the mind (thought),
word (password) and the body (the body). It is also considered as 'living wills' of man and
Buddha are defined as follows:
'O bhikkhus, is What? This is a six place from (cetanakaya): color, sound, smell, private, contact from and judicial. Brethren, six from that place called Action. Do contact should start Hanh start. Do contact killing Operations' (8).
Quoted and what was presented on the administration
of the Dependent Origination in (II. 1. 2.) Says that:
- All the thoughts and desires of people of color,
sound, smell, taste, touch and cause the aggregate of Administrative
law.
- If not present contact sensation does not exist
and the desire for the existence are not present, then thinking about the
existence does not arise. This means that the Operator is an entity
aggregates empty.
- All the psychology of human activities - as the
desire, the desire, the good and bad thoughts, hate, hurt, jealousy,
self-propelled, the reaction of the mind for life ... - Make the present life
and future life is under volitional. Psychological operations to create the meaning of
life, without them, life becomes meaningless. However, their operation
is the operation of an illusion of self (or ignorance) to say that the true
meaning of all the value of human life is very dark.
In a clearer presentation of the operation of the
other, the Buddha taught His disciples that:
'And brethren, what is the suffering of the action in the present, and future retribution suffering? In this case, brethren, a person even with the pain and offers practical brain killing by killing, he felt pain, displeasure. With the pain, displeasure, he's taken not to, ...; raise him wrong in the pleasures ...; him lie, ...; said two blades, ...; He said a rough word, etc.; speaks my language ...; him craving ...; him anger, etc.; person is wrong, ...; because of wrong views, he felt pain, displeasure. He after relatives tanks and death, born in the realms of suffering, evil origin, origin, hell '. (9).
Ten negative actions mentioned above include: three
body, four career of interest, and three professional
attention.
In the next paragraph passages just cited, the
Buddha declared: with ten evil deeds, there are those who do with pleasure, and
delight after done in the present life, they will take the results reported pain
in the future; those who keep not the other ten karma with suffering, pros and
suffering, given in the present, they will be born of good land, heaven after
death; holders maintenance of not ten other evil deeds with excitement and
happiness and feel the excitement and happiness in the present, they will be
born of good land, heaven after death.
Ten's career, whether it be good or evil, is under
the operation of the Acts of aggregates under the conditions of Educational
psychology which has been dominated by the five hindrances: fitness, tennis,
given election, sloth and comfort, as the Buddha taught:
'... Five hindrances: sex, anger, sloth, given celebration and comfort hindrances. This is a group of bad ones! Brethren, about five hindrances like is right: this brethren, the whole group really bad ones, there are five hindrances' (10).
The hindrances that cover the human mind and
intellectual weakness. To tame and dispel the hindrances, people need to
open up a new operation to the Administrative Aggregates through the practice of
meditation: Only and consulates, as the Buddha says:
'In order to fully understand the craving, hatred, delusion, anger, hostility, anger, jealousy, deceit and brain damage, fraudulent and treacherous, self-administrative and too proud, stubborn and distraction, for complete cessation, letting go, stop, to decay, disintegration, end, reject them, two things need to practice. What are the two? And consulates. Two things need to practice '(11).
According to 'mindfulness' (Satipatthanasutta), of
'Any Age', Central Business I and III, and many other business in Central, if a
person who lives with wisdom, meditation practice, to give pleasure and the evil
mind will witness and residence 'Private' come along in meditation mind: Games,
gifts, rapture, happiness and care. In this meditation center appeared and eliminate
hindrances: the sloth removal, quartet remove suspected, rapture eliminating
anger, happiness eliminated given election, and mind to eliminate sex (sexual
desire in men).
If he is calm mind, self, will witness and
residence 'Second Meditation', not present range in the
quarter.
If you continue to practice boring joy, will
witness and residence 'Tam', meditation center and most interest to
them.
If you continue to eliminate lost documents and
residence 'charity' exhaust only and the best care
available.
Four state of mind from Zen comes from meditation,
is the psychological state of a person puts the operation of the Acts of
aggregates and meditation.
If the person residing in meditation and meditation
(Vipasasna) will turn rid 'Ten fetters' (dasakilesas) to attain the four stages
as follows:
1) Through meditation, if three fetters: body in
comfort, get rid of the precept will attain the Holy Tu-momentum-complete
(hybrid).
2) If continued weakness might add two fetters:
training and golf, you will attain from the-function
(Japan).
3) If eliminated in fetter mentioned would be
attained A-na-function (Any hybrid).
4) If you continue to get rid of quite another five
fetters: friendship love, very useful love, romance, given election, ignorance,
attained A-la-han.
Time to practice meditation, the practice of the
operation of volitional activities under the control of insight or wisdom; means
that the operation of the intellect (Wisdom - Panna), but not to the Unknown
intelligence, will lead to happiness and liberation in the present and here.
How is the
operation of the Acts of aggregates.
Thought the operation of
the aggregates:
As has been discussed, Chiang aggregates is
conditioned by the other four aggregates that, should the operation of it would
be the operation of consciousness, or of the Executive, or the twelve Dependent
Origination. In of the Samyutta III, the Buddha defined:
'Bhikkhus, what is perception? They are the six seat of thought: the idea of identity, of sound, of smell, of taste, touch, and legal. This is called perception. Promotion by birth, so I thought; due Promotion for killing so I thought; here is the Noble Eightfold Path leading to the cessation of General, namely: Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort , Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration '(12).
From the above passages, Chiang aggregates, as well
as aggregate, are less likely to arise if there is no contact. Related to the operation
of the Dependent Origination, we can say that: There is no ignorance, no
activities, no consciousness, no listings excellent, no enter, no breathing, no
one, no grasping, or no perception aggregates can not arise. In contrast, there is no
thought other aggregates, aggregates, or twelve parts of Dependent Origination
can not arise. Similarly, for the cessation of perception aggregates and the other four
aggregates, and twelve parts Dependent Origination. In other words, only the
grace make Chiang aggregates, the other aggregates, with twelve of Dependent
Origination exist without perception aggregates shall be construed as an
existing entity. When you understand this truth, people can no longer clinging to the
aggregates. Do not cling, that is due to the cessation of attachment, the operation
of the aggregates leads to the extinction of statues and the extinction of all
defilements will be present: this is what life's experience, that's not logic;
we can not ask why about it, is not to ask why birds can fly, fish can
swim.
Clearly see the operation on the 'Right view';
thinking about the operation was the 'right thought'; efforts to dwell in the
notice was' Right Effort ',' Right 'and' Right network '; static sense of the
operation was the' Mindfulness'; concentration in the operation was the 'chief'.
This is the
path of the 'Noble Eightfold Path' leading to the cessation of all
suffering.
The operation of Tho
aggregates: the
Happiness or suffering is experience, breathing of
aggregates. Therefore, any operation of any aggregates, or of any more part of
Dependent Origination leads to the arising of suffering means that the operation
lead to the arising of feeling; any a single operation leads to the cessation of
suffering means that the operation lead to end Tho
aggregates.
The Buddha said:
'And brethren, what is Life? Here are six places sensation: Feeling arising from the exposure of the eyes, feeling arising from the contact of the ear, ... of the nose, ... of the tongue, ... of the body, and the sensations arising from the contact of mind. Brethren, which called Life. Generated by the contact that feeling, by contact that feeling of killing that Tho. This is the Noble Eightfold Path leading to termination of feelings, namely: Right Understanding, Right Thought, ... Right Concentration '(13).
It is obvious that: 'sweetness' of sensation makes
human desire arises in the mind, and makes man dong traveling in the pleasures
of life. No
feelings, desires no basis to exist and will be annihilated. If you desire to
terminate, the Prime comes to an end, and suffering no longer present.
This is the
cessation of ignorance, activities, consciousness, list size, etc., and is the
extinction of Friends. Thus, the destruction and the arising of feeling is
the cessation and other arising of the aggregates, or of the cost of Dependent
Origination. In other words, the operation of the Feeling is actually the operation
of ignorance, and the existence of Feeling is the existence of ignorance, or of
organic thinking self. If a meditative practice the basics of the
operation, then certainly he will seek wisdom instead of looking for 'sweet'
Feeling. If
not he will be immersed in the sensations. With wisdom, he will be happy to live with what he
is and are in the present and there but what worries me, and he will open up a
new direction operation of the mind leads to the destruction of kill Tho
aggregates.
The operation of the
aggregate of:
Aggregate of the physical or material. People often feel that
understanding this identity itself is not difficult, but in fact, understand the
body color is indeed difficult, because people can only understand itself to
even understand the operation of the five aggregates , or understand the
operation of the twelve parts of Dependent Origination.
The Buddha said:
'Bhikkhus, what is Matter? - These are the four elements. Brethren, is called Lust.Due to the rise of the food that is the arising of the Form itself. And the path leading to the cessation of Excellence is the Noble Eightfold Path, which is the Right view ... Right Concentration '(14)
Aggregate of the physical body of man, is the set
of 'four elements' (four great) (earth, water, wind, fire). Body by nurturing food.
If food
killing the Sac. But food is not an entity, it is because the conditions, such as the
presence of the earth, the sun, etc. mean by all this physical world - which is to say
that the existence of My identity is the existence of this world. Dependent Origination, the
whole world is the meaning of existence (bhava) - the part of the Dependent
Origination, which by operation of ignorance, activities, consciousness, etc.
that.
Thus, the
birth and death of the aggregate of the birth and death of each other aggregates
and spend the other part of Dependent Origination. And, as mentioned in the
'the operation of Tho aggregates' the way of life led to Sac Removal is 'Noble
Eightfold Path', in which the Right Understanding and Right Thought can be seen
as intellectual perspective on the objects: for example, if thirty-two parts of
the body was observed and look deeply, and looked away, again and again, as
discussed in section (III.2.1.), then one would see them empty no. Do look her intelligence,
human go to boring Sac body, so boring without attachment to the body colors:
This is the operation of the Body colors by intellectual activity will lead to
the extinction of suffering.
In summary, from the analysis of five aggregates
and Dependent Origination of The Sun, and from the operation of the five
aggregates, and of which the author has expressed ignorance, highlighting much
of the focus points of Buddhist doctrine , there is an emphasis on only the
truth of human suffering and life. This point will be further discussed
separately.
III.2.3. Five aggregates and
Austerity problems and Happiness
The first statement in the first French at the Deer
Park of the Buddha: 'Life is suffering' and 'five aggregates is suffering.'
These
teachings important to know how! The teachings that Buddha and his disciples
repeatedly during the forty-five years of spreading the chemical. Once in Savatthi, he
taught:
'Bhikkhus, the Tathagata would preach to the people about the suffering and the root of suffering. Listen. Brethren, what is suffering? Bhikkhus, Sac is suffering, feeling is suffering, perception is suffering, that suffering, it is difficult. Brethren, that is the meaning of suffering. And, brethren, what is the nature of Suffering? It is this craving leads to rebirth, accompanied by pleasure and attachment, seek pleasure and there: it is sexual love, friendship love, and very useful charity '(15).
Teachings on the Buddha's teachings typical of
human suffering as a result of the rise of Dependent Origination, also as a
result of the arising of the five aggregates which he had discovered.
This is a
great discovery took him to Exalted status. Thus, the true meaning of
the human search for truth true meaning is to seek the truth of suffering of
life called: 'Suffering Noble Truths'. According to this fact, not five aggregates - or
human life - causing suffering and are grasping Five Aggregates of man-made
suffering. Now, the original meaning of the human search for truth and give life
meaning explore the human heart's desire for the existence: this is the meaning
of the operation of Ai and administration aggregates that authors discussed in
(II. 1. 3.) and (III.2.3.) and this is the operation of the more ignorant of
Dependent Origination.
Ignorance that is wrong and evil thinking that all
existence is a constant fall as has been explained in (II.1.3.) And (II.2.4.);
It also carries the meaning of organic thinking human ego. So, the study of organic
thinking self is a major work of research on human suffering and happiness, and
of finding the truth of man and the world.
Helpful own thinking self made self and the value
of these things exist and cause the attachment leads to suffering, suffering as
the Buddha explains:
'Bhikkhus, how is the best attachment and brain? Here, brethren, who uncultured human being, do not understand the sages, not skillful teachings of the sages, do not practice the teachings of the sages ..., see Lust is the self, view the self as a charger, as in the self, the self as in Sac. For him, Lust was modified, changed. Due to the change, change of chromaticity Food was encumbered to the change of the Sac. So encumbered with the change of the Matter, mind, advantages arise brain, invade and occupy the mind. Due to occupy this center he becomes afflictions, and therefore disturbing behavior and cling, he offers brain.Similarly with feeling, perception, activities and consciousness. Brethren, like is grasping and offers brain '(16).
Thus, the source of attachment and offers brain (or
suffering) is the view of the thinking man's own self. Attachment and suffering
does not come from outside, but from the look of things the human capital that
can be individuals completely tame, and happiness can come from her sight.
In the next
passage of scripture quoted above, the Buddha said: If a person does not look
Sac, or feeling, or perception, or activities or consciousness is the self ...
modified when
the five aggregates, change other advantages brain not arise in his mind, and he
has no attachment or preferential brain about anything. No attachments and
preferential brain, he felt free and happy in the present and here. How is the right path to
happiness, it's capital in each one of us and in our view of things.
This look is
none other than the 'Right view', spending the first part of the Noble Eightfold
Path, which is the most important part of the base of Buddhism to the truth and
true happiness, nirvana. It is the 'see' all existence and non-self.
'The View'
obvious things are impermanent and human suffering will lead to the same results
liberation and happiness as teaching the following states:
'Lust, brethren, impermanent, Tho ... Thought ... Action ... Consciousness ... is impermanent.Seeing this, brethren, multicultural Holy student boring Sac, Tho boring, Chiang boring, boring activities, boring consciousness. By boring, saints disciples not desire Sac (feeling, perception, activities, consciousness); do not desire Form (feeling, perception, activities, consciousness) St. disciples are liberated; in this release, intellectual face that he was freed. St. disciples clearly that: 'Rebirth has been take, holy life achievements, the to-do list (for free) are done, do not go back to the causes and conditions of suffering life this pain anymore '. (17).
The visible-self, impermanence and suffering of the
above five aggregates is called the visible: 'three legal publications'.
This is a
source of happiness to which a lay person, a human being, can test and
experience in this life as the Buddha said:
- 'All the measures are not-self', who see the truth with wisdom, liberation from suffering, this is the path to purity '. (Dhp. 279).- 'And all compounded things are impermanent', who see the truth with wisdom, liberation from suffering, this is the path to purity '. (Dhp. 277).- 'All the compounded misery', who see the truth with wisdom, liberation from suffering, this is the path to purity '. (Dhp. 278).
Here, the truth of suffering and happiness, the way
to truth and happiness is very simple, but the way of thinking and feelings of
so complex that can not accept them, to distrust them. In the deep psychology of
man, people think that there is no desire, especially desire the feeling of
sexual desire, then human life becomes meaningless empty. In the deepest of human
psychology, human feel to see his ego is his desire: If you get rid of all the
desires, the ego is not predestined to exist. Two things that obscured
the human mind that people do not see the truth and do not accept the truth as
just discussed above. That is the reason why the Buddha did not hesitate
to transport 'Wheel law', and that is the reason for requiring advanced
education systems play a role education is a great way to choose between
suffering chronic pain and true happiness, or to carry his burden or put to
burden down as the Buddha said:
'Indeed, the Year aggregates burden:
People who bear the burden:
Carrying the burden of suffering in life,
set to the burden to be happy.If a person is put to the burden down
and not carry another burden:
If he spit clean the root of craving, the root of all.
He is freed, no longer suffering '(18).
Of course people need to be put to the burden down,
or need to wipe craving for aggregates, for two reasons:
1) Due to the danger as sorrow, lamentation, pain,
displeasure, caused by the desire for the sweetness of the Five Aggregates
cause.
2) Do they see benefits such as peace of mind no
more sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, encephalopathy dominated craving
for the five aggregates.
This is a very practical choice, very intellectual
and very need to make. Otherwise, people are just black shadow optical quo
in life that there is no hope for peace.
However, when people set out to dispel the craving
and attachment, they would face many difficulties arise due to the desire for
sensual pleasure, sexual desire, and the desire for existence and non-existence
(or existence charity and very useful charity), and many suspect will rise up in
their hearts and the question: what is to come with them on the path of life
without sex too quiet too? How can they live retired from sensual desire,
sexual love, compassion and inorganic organic someone they loved to reach the
state of mind almost too numerous to them? etc. .. - This is very critical
issues that make people balk in the thought of the way to escape the heart of
education. Author determined to find answers to the other sex in the heart of this
work with the belief that somehow then the true value will also be explored.
END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/1/2013.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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