Through the words of the
Buddha are compiler in the Pali Canon, the author discussed the doctrine of
Dependent Origination and the operation of Dependent Origination. Five aggregates and the
operation of the five aggregates, the personal spiritual education of
Buddhism.
Part V
Conclusion
V.1. Chapter 1: Direction of Culture and
Education
V.2. Chapter 2: The answer to
the current crisis
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Through the words of the Buddha are compiler in the
Pali Canon, the author discussed the doctrine of Dependent Origination and the
operation of Dependent Origination. Five aggregates and the operation of the five
aggregates, the personal spiritual education of Buddhism. The author has introduced
an existence conditioned by human beings, and not go to any of a personality
theory of man as an entity falls constant. The authors think this is a very characteristic
useful for the theory of personality and education of the twenty-first century
in the opening of a new cultural education for peace and happiness of mankind
.
It is time for the educational theory of personality
and choose one of two things: One is the organic way of thinking self is the
foundation to build the value of life, and see the satisfaction of desire means
lead to human happiness; second is to develop the way of thinking intellectual
self is looking to specify the way of life, and accept the tame desire is the
means to human happiness in the present and here that do not bother to
difficulties in life people may encounter. Organic way of thinking self and sensualism has been
brought back to life many troubles and crises; second path is only faith and
hope for the release of the afflictions of suffering, and the crisis crisis.
This is the
content will be discussed in the final section of this work.
User education and culture
The truth of life, as discussed, says
that:
Man must be a man of culture and education, and
culture, cultural education is education human ducc. They can not be separated
out.
The Buddha's teachings to humanity about the truth as the truth of the
world, the human, personal issues, causes, cessation and the path leading to the
cessation of the problem is really how meaningful content of an education
guidelines will be presented more clearly in the next line.
V.1.1: New Direction of
education
Before detailed discussion
of educational issues, try to look at the educational point of view by the
brilliant promotion.
Dr. EF Schumacher, the famous author of the great
book titled: 'The little things are nice' wrote:
'Education can only help us
if education and training' whole person '. A true education is not to know a little of
everything, nor is someone who knows all the details of the problem (if that's
possible). 'Whole person', actually, there may be little knowledge on the facts and
theories, which can contain both Polytechnical dictionary, because 'she' knows
that he does not need to know ', but is who actually knows the problem: he'll no
doubt about his basic belief, in his opinion, the meaning and purpose of life,
he can not explain the problem in words, but as a guide to life itself will
prove to be sure that he has a thorough problem by the inner wisdom in
'(1).
Dr. EF Schumacher definition of 'center' (center)
above as follows:
'Points clearly Center where he created for himself
a stable system of thought about themselves and the world can be directed to the
struggle of the self' (2)
For Schumacher, the fundamental goal of education is
to help people understand the truth of ourselves, the truth of the world in
which he lives, clear direction of your life, and take responsibility in all his
acts. Although
Schumacher can not say what the truth was, but Schumacher's words, there was a
very human and realistic. Point of E. F Schumacher education worth
investigating.
As an economist, journalist and progressive
business, economic advisor to the Council for the National Coal Mine from 1950
to 1970 in the United Kingdom, the founder and president of the 'Group to
develop the contemporary art 'and so on. very popular, Schumacher advised rural development
issues and has a lot of overseas government praised the said book was published
thirty times from 1963 to 1993, Schumacher's ideas must is very significant,
especially the idea of the human, economic and environmental
(3).
Albert Einstein, the great scientist of our time,
said some special ideas about education that:
* 'The school has always been the most important
means of traditional lineage inheritance from generation to generation
...'.
* 'Sometimes we simply look at the school is a tool
to communicate a certain maximum amount of knowledge to the rising generation.
That mistake.
Knowledge is
dead; school is serving life Schools need to develop in young people the
qualities and abilities valuable to the welfare of the community. But that does not mean that
character is removed and the individual become a tool for communities, as bees
or ants. For a
community of standardized individuals without personal origin and objectives of
the individual, the community would be a poor community without developing
conditions. Contrary to the goals of education is to educate individuals for
independent thought and action, but as individuals see clearly the greatest goal
of my life is to serve the community ... ' (4)
Einstein continued:
* 'Teaching human expertise is not enough.
Through
professional competence, individuals become a useful tool machinery which is not
a character to be developed in a harmonious way. Very basis that students
grasp the knowledge and a lively sense of the value ... The practitioner must learn
to understand the motives of human ignorance and human suffering in order to
grasp the relationship clear to the individual fellow human beings and for their
communities' (5).
Thus, Einstein said that education has maintained
traditional family roles, but Eisnstein not emphasize the role of traditional
development and choose what traditions should be maintained, what value should
be reviewed, because the goal of life is to live with happiness but not
necessarily to traditional live with.
Einstein also said that education plays an
educational role human to human society with specialized knowledge; human and
itself must have a comprehensive understanding of human his own, his own
ignorance and suffering .... and their communities. The idea was very good,
though not tell the people as they really are.
As an eminent scientist, Einstein's see how things
are now, should be done. His comments on education, opinion, may suggest a
very good education.
Bertrand Russell, an American writer and thinker
famous of the lower half of the twentieth century BC, when it comes to the
issue: 'Education and social order', he wrote:
'There are three educational theory is accepted
today. The
first theory that the only goal of education is to provide opportunities to
develop and remove the effects hinder the development. The second theory holds
that the goal of education is to give individuals the development of knowledge
(culture) and developed the ability to peak. The third theory, asserting
that education must be linked to the community rather than personal contact, and
the main task of education is to train citizens useful ... ' (6).
Bertrand Russell's words reflect quite honest about
the current educational path. Russell's point of view is not a theory of education
in the three theories are satisfactory ', an educational system to apply all
three the theory. But including three theories still missing the most important point that
is the truth of man and the true path to happiness in the present. In principle, the provision
of opportunities for personal development, and help individuals to develop their
capabilities to the peak is necessary for all educational direction.
Regarding the
training of useful citizens, we should note that, citizen, or human society, the
human behind it; without its main man, the citizen will never trained.
So, here
highlight the significance that the truth of man and the world that the Buddha
had discovered twenty-six centuries is an invaluable discovery for a new
cultural orientation and education human if the discovery was brought into use
at school.
Buddhism should be understood as a way of life, a
way of life to bring peace and happiness to the individual and collective, must
be considered as a subject of philosophical psychology and educational
psychology. This new education will offer people a new perspective on the value and
life led to the calm attitude of desire and aversion, which leads to the
destruction of evil thoughts and evil thoughts. This education will help
individuals analyze psychology, morality and his sorrow to find the true way of
life: people will realize that happiness does not require people to do anything
other than to stop the desire, and that existential moment of now and here is
the time when people actually liberated from the defilements, because it is
always entirely new. At the time of that great, no person or power put into your mind some
disturbing things.
However, to dwell on the point that people need to
know tame the thoughts and desires sophisticated property fell through a
continuous practice intellectual vision and the four foundations of mindfulness.
Here, people
just need advice, guidance, encouragement and the wake from a master and from
others: this means that the need to help role of education, which is not
destined command, strength or power; school discipline is still maintained to
provide a suitable atmosphere for learning and for the opportunity to develop
personal and mental capabilities; teaching content is aimed at the transmission
of knowledge to the understanding and practice of individual consciousness, and
to the service of society to meet the security requirements of stability, peace
and prosperity of the community. The teaching methods are also required to wake
rather than cramming the concept meaningless.
With the way that education, assessing the student's
ability to learn, the reward, punishment, exams and so on. should be revised to suit
the new direction of education.
Authors think, if the foregoing is acceptable, the
way the whole person education, human and intellectual appearance and existence.
Because human
life that does not bring a brand, so this educational path is not a label.
Because not a
label, it can be a way of educating people of all ages. Because man is only the
operation of the five aggregates, should not create a visual personality for
some form of education: the individual, the meaning of life is to live with what
is in the second existential minutes without attachment to it: to live like
that, people will be able to get peace and happiness of the body and of the
mind; meaning of life is not something of the mind or of desire: the mind or
wish only to create images of what life is death. Because affected
individuals strongly of culture, education also has another role is to help
individuals identify the effect obscured his mind, his obsession that does not
see the facts as they really are of the five aggregates to remove. If the request is made, the
other way education is now seen as ethical education, reality, wisdom and
creativity.
This is the meaning of a new way of
education.
V.1.2. New directions of
culture
From the new direction of education, a new culture
arose. As
quoted (V.1.1.) Albert Einstein, a creative scientist, thought that the role of
maintenance, transmission and development of culture from generation to
generation. Dictionary 'the Random House College' cultural definition 'whole way of
life by a group of building tradition from generation to generation'.
Authors think
the culture can understand all aspects of the lives of a group formed by
education and the creative work to adapt to the natural and continuous
improvement. In this sense, a new culture will be discussed.
As mentioned, the contemporary cultural orientation
of the human race dominated by own ego thinking which created the meaning of
good and bad, gain and loss, success and failure, and loss etc. The means he has appeared
in the world as hurricanes make human life boat staggered between the ocean of
suffering: the sense that the impact on the human mind and make the afflictions
arise; then the disturbing the obscured view of the human animal that can not
see the truth, that the human mind can not dwell in the present moment, and pull
people out of the living truth, because the life of the in fact, exists only in
the present.
Thinking falling property other awakens in the
human mind the idea of 'I exist', 'I exist', 'I exist like that', 'I do not
exist', 'I do not friendship like that ',' I exist ',' expect I exist 'etc. ..
Therefore,
this concept is the root of charity, kindness and inorganic organic craving,
hatred and delusion, etc. They lead humanity to sorrow, lamentation, pain,
displeasure, the brain. The operation of the own self is
thinking!
According to the doctrine of Dependent Origination,
organic thinking self is ignorance, and its operation is the operation of
ignorance: this is the arising of Dependent Origination leads to suffering, and
is true of contemporary culture . Therefore, organic thinking self is present as to
what fate decisions of human suffering. If you find happiness that efforts based on organic
self thinking happiness will get out of hand. Modern culture is
that!
In fact, efforts to build a culture of human is to
achieve the ultimate goal of life: true happiness. So, to achieve the human
body's organic thinking to replace the intersection with the cessation of
ignorance, or with wisdom: all human behavior must be placed on the operation of
the thinking self as to what Buddha taught. This operation will open
in a new culture, a new culture, leading to the cessation of suffering.
This is
happiness.
Thinking self will act as a wise architect
enthusiasm to build new ways for life as:
* The most important aspect of life, known as the
most important knowledge, life is love: love of humanity, love of country, love
of parents, love of husband and wife, love children, love relatives, neighbors,
etc. Love is
wisdom pilot (Right Understanding and Right Thought) by clearly true
selflessness of things. Love that can extinguish many causes in the
world.
* The next architecture is to bring the true
meaning of the word 'loyalty' and 'justice ": Group Sex - or Right Speech, Right
Action and Right Livelihood - is the true meaning of it. If a person is Right
Speech , Right Action and Right Livelihood, he must be on the road of 'loyalty'
and 'fair' a loyal: Right Livelihood implied 'fair'; Right speech means
'loyalty' ... Group Sex itself has the meaning of ethics, morality and
humanity.
* Thinking self to happiness states that: the
happiness of the individual and the collective, and cultural traditions of a
country are two separate issues: in the case of traditional culture and do not
bring individual and collective happiness, culture and tradition have to be
evaluated and improved.
* Thinking selfless public to help people see
clearly the existence of human beings and the environment, so, people escape
environmental protection and pollution out of the war caused the destruction and
pollution.
* Thinking of selflessness will open the way to
thinking, humans, created the new concept of value for art, architecture,
painting, etc. for human happiness.
The new aspects of life mentioned above will create
a new culture, a new culture of peace and happiness. The world is falling into
a serious crisis; social crisis and the environmental crisis. If the culture does not
change direction, you can not solve the crisis, human beings will be sunk into
the ocean crisis. It is time for the world to choose between the operation of the own ego
thinking and thinking self. Author's belief is clearly placed on the operation
of the thinking self. This will be further discussed.
Answered contemporary crisis
Thinking is the principal agent of the action.
Due to wrong
thinking that the wrong career, causing confusion and crisis in human
consciousness, and in the society, then the disorder, the crisis was sparked off
the roof ..., the search for answers increasingly become more complex.
However, the
author believes that, with great determination, humanity can solve all by
changing the operational direction of thinking.
V.2.1: The answer to
'crisis thinking'
Most basic of personal crisis and social crisis of
the political thinking of the individual.
Since ancient times, the thinking has been
considered a measure of the present: it is giving value to everything.
It is used as
the primary means to search for truth and happiness. But, it has made things a
self (self) imagination, whereas animals really have no self. From here, thinking man
created a value fantasy world full of contradictions and confusion. The more engaged into the
world of fantasy value, more people sinking into the darkness of thought and in
a crisis called 'crisis thinking'.
With organic thinking self, see things a mankind
permanent, and clinging to it. That so-called 'crazy ants' clouded mind that can
not see the reality itself. So, the way solve 'crisis thinking' out of the
'crazy ant' or go to the 'right view' see the truth of Dependent Origination of
all things. Seeing this, people will realize that: organic thinking self is empty;
property only desire is slowly falling that start; world fell Minister is empty,
and greed, hatred and delusion associated with that world also empty: people are
freed from their bondage. This is the answer of 'crisis thinking' that people
are expecting.
There is nothing secret in desire, in human
suffering or happiness etc. .. property except thinking self. Helpful extinguish
thinking self is extinguished 'crisis of thinking'.
V.2.2: The answer to the
'crisis of desire'
Thinking own self also cause another crisis: from
thoughts, desires smoky and mess up the human mind as the author discussed in
(II.1.2) of the work. Human presence in my life as a thirst at sea is salty water.
More you
drink, the more thirsty and as thirsty as to drink. Drinking salt water is not
the answer to thirst. Similarly for life: the feelings and desires of things is not the answer
to suffering. This is called 'crisis of desire' or 'crazy about.
Fall into the 'crazy heart', people often have no
choice other than to continue to desire: and strong desire to grow to the point
where it is seen as the real meaning of life, so do not see a way out .
Doctrine of
Dependent Origination, the five aggregates and the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
and speak the truth: 'desire is the cause of suffering', and the way to escape
suffering is the way to end desire as table in (IV.2.1.)
Thus, if the property falls away thinking, 'crisis
of desire' death; operational if the thinking self, the 'crisis of desire' comes
to an end. This is the solution to the 'crisis of desire'.
In addition to the crisis, a number of other crises
also appear due to the presence of organic thinking self as the next
presentation mentioned.
V.2.3: The answer to the
'heart crisis'
Thinking own self be assigned to each dimension
exists a constant fall. For the love of parents, it is called
'hospitality', and the definition of 'hospitality' is the duty that each son /
daughter must cycle for parents. If the duty was not present, then the baby will not
worthy of a human being. This is the meaning of 'knowledge' in
Confucianism.
For love of country, it is referred to as
'secondary' and defined 'middle' is the duty of the citizen to do for the
country, or for their monarch. If citizens do not enforce the obligation was not a
worthy presence in the world. That means the 'middle' of
Confucianism.
With love for love, it's called 'love', and the
definition of 'love' is intimate emotional relationship requires his / her
spouse have an obligation to care for each other. If the wife / husband
unfaithful lover by any reason, then his / her spouse was at fault, not worthy
of life. How
is the meaning of the word 'love' in the Confucian.
However, human life very complicated at times
encounter situations that can not implement their duty to their parents, for the
country, or to his / her spouse; in that situation, human's 'disloyalty', 'real'
or 'silver' will have a lot of troubles of mind to choose, and will cause the
suffering can not exist. This is the tragic case of the concept of
'hospitality', 'medium', 'love', etc. cause.
So, in that case - a lot of cases occurred in the
history of China and Vietnam; story 'Le Cid' in French literature is a typical
story - People need to hear the voice call of the heart, which is not the call
of the concept of imagination. There will not be a good choice, because the choice
of tears caused by own ego thinking.
According to the thinking self, 'taste', 'medium'
or 'love' is produced by 'grace' that is selfless; need to be redefined in an
open sense of how to be human, property personal benefit and happiness of the
individuals in the present.
In addition, a number of customs and practices,
some social laws, or some school discipline can bring tears to people also need
to be reassessed in most to individuals living happily as a
people.
V.2.4: The answer to
'emotional crisis'
'Heart crisis' mentioned above is due to reasons
outside the human cause. There is another aspect of the 'heart crisis' due
to personal reasons intrinsic cause, due to the habit of love called 'emotional
crisis'. The
crisis brooded over:
'Contemporary Culture created by own ego thinking,
powerful influence on the human mind: thinking, feeling, feeling ...
Culture
became so friendly with humans it is considered reality: human beings can not
give it up, or give up any part of it, even when people get it wrong, or
suffering, and realized clearly better way of life by thinking pilot self.
The event is
called 'crazy love' or 'emotional crisis'.
* All values due to the culture that created also
became very close to humans though often bring human tears by the insanity of
the value. But, people still prefer being with them is visible with the new
value.
* Old way education is imperfect, but still very
hard for people to think of a new way of education to make a new path.
This happened
due to 'crazy love' of man.
* In case of a non-Buddhist, even when they realize
the truth of life is different from what they believe, they can not leave their
old beliefs with the truth: this is also known as 'crazy
love'.
The phenomenon of 'crazy love' that seems simple
but it is obscured by a mind full of hazards. Answer to the insanity it
must be a practice repeated many times look to have a deep emotional
intelligence to replace old emotional habits.
V.2.5: The answer to the
'moral crisis'
Virtue or morality is a value created by own ego
thinking life. Virtue is understood as 'things to do' and 'what not to do' for the
individual, family, community and country, its capital is the product of human
thinking. Therefore, the presence of 'crisis thinking' is associated with 'moral
crisis'.
'Heart crisis' is also something of morality, a
what contact morality; while 'crises heart' appear, 'moral crisis'
appears.
In another aspect of human society, ethics is
understood as the relationship between man and man in society; rapid economic
development, the relationship would probably have to change the will of the
people . Similarly, when a political policy or institutional change, other
relationships can not be maintained under the old sticky. This causes the 'ethical
or moral crisis'.
If people live according to the teachings of the
Buddha of the Noble Eightfold Path and ethical see About aggregates as in life,
there will never be 'moral crisis' though life has changed. This is the right answer
for the 'moral crisis'.
About aggregates is life without a label.
It does not
make sense for any religion, it can be applied to the school for the students
without any discrimination.
Is it time to education accepted About aggregates
as a modern school of ethics?
V.2.5: The answer to the
'environmental crisis'
'Environmental crisis' is a burning issue that
humanity is very interested.
As the author says in (II.2.3.), The environmental
crisis is environmental pollution by radioactive fission, natural dust, fire,
transportation, incineration, and other sources. This is a result of rapid
industrial development, such as the works mentioned, is very harmful;, it is the
result of a lack of responsibility toward the environment of humans, can lead to
extinction of species people in a very near future. Thus, protection of the
environment should be taken as soon as possible. A philosophy and a way for
environmental education is necessary to arrange the following
issues:
* Education humans intimately aware of the
relationship between man and nature through the doctrine of Dependent
Origination and the five aggregates so that people can voluntarily protect the
environment.
* Explain the threats caused by environmental
pollution.
* Specify that the human desire for gain and power
can cause human suffering.
* Suggestions of what to do to protect the
environment.
An educational philosophy and the like, as the
author presents throughout the work, can be found from the Dependent Origination
and the five aggregates. This is the answer to the 'environmental crisis'
and for the welfare of the earth.
V.2.7: The answer to
'educational crisis'
It is obvious that the things on the present crisis
is due to the presence of a factor called 'educational
crisis'.
If education is built on the basis of a correct
theory of personality created by the intellectual perspective, it will go astray
on imparting the knowledge of emptiness and the appropriate education for
students , and will bring suffering to the world. Because thinking dominated
by organic self and organic Minister self, all aspects of the value of education
was only able to create a fantasy world to life, which is not reality itself.
What people
can expect from that world, if not the is a disappointment fate! What people can expect
from economics, politics, competition, etc. along with greed, anger,
ignorance, hatred and so on., if not built on the earth a huge food market, a
market of weapons of mass destruction, etc. only bring ruin and fear?
(!).
If education was based on the thinking self of man
is one of presence or the five aggregates, which is not an entity (entity),
education will find a way to correct for ' teach people what 'and' how to teach
'?: then the role of education is to help people see the truth of ourselves, the
truth of the world, and remove all cause of trouble brain, suffering to be happy
now and here. This is a plausible answer to the 'educational
crisis'.
This is the current crisis of society and the
answers to these crises.
Human history shows that binary intersection
property of thinking has dominated human culture on earth than three ten
centuries, but the suffering of birth, aging, sickness and death caused by
craving and clinging human causes remain there, conflict, struggle, frustration,
and fear of destructive human as increasing without answers. Humanity is also looking
forward to what cultures?
The Buddha's teachings in the Pali Canon inspire a
new way of thinking of selflessness which different views of other religions and
philosophies. This way of thinking does not look human or real world is a permanent
nature, which is an existing condition and basis of grace, can bring to human
happiness in the present and the answers very useful if the way of thinking to
apply in real life. These teachings can be used in schools and universities as a core
subject of the branch of philosophy: philosophy of education, educational
psychology, psychotherapy, education, or theory of personality . Why not? - The way of thinking, or
the look of things that will help educate adjust the theory of Human capital The
non-food, adjust the competitive spirit of education which causes damage to the
spirit of cooperation; way of thinking that will help students, students develop
independent thinking and creativity, and to dispel the disturbing problems in
daily life effectively; finally, the way of thinking that will promote standard
values based on the welfare of individuals and communities that are not on
moral, intellectual based on knowledge and not on fantasy, based on the human
person and without the hatred and fighting, etc.
This is why the author
chose the subject 'personality theory manifested through the Pali Canon' as a
PhD thesis of Buddhism. When choosing the subject, the author aware of the
difficulties in presenting Buddhist teachings as a way of life and way of
education for life, and the difficulty in persuading others to accept the way
live and education. But difficult does not mean impossible, so the author convinced himself
to conduct the compiler can trust. Let the work is challenging, the authors think
'What is to come'. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/1/2013.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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