PERSONALITY THEORY THROUGH THE PALI CANON-03.PART TWO:DOCTRINE OF DEPENDENT-RUN.

 

TT. Thich Chon Thien .

To understand the teachings of dependent origination of capital beyond the cognitive point of view, we need to understand the detailed meaning of it.

Part II

Doctrine of Dependent Origination

II.1. Chapter 1: The Meaning of Dependent Origination II.1.1: Dependent, Dependent Origination, bringing grace, grace II.1.2: Meaning 12 more the Dependent Origination II.1.3: The operation of the 12 tribes of Dependent Origination II.2. Chapter 2: The illumination of Dependent Origination II.2.1: Human and universe II.2.2: Dependent Origination and personal issues II.2.3: Individual and environmental II.2.4: Personal and human values

To understand the teachings of dependent origination of capital beyond the cognitive point of view, we need to understand the detailed meaning of it.

II. 1: Chapter 1

Significance of Dependent Origination

II. 1.1: By the grace of dependent origination - Power grace - grace

Predestined?

When one is present, the other is present.
When this is not present, the other is not present.

'This' is called '' of 'the other'. In other words, the 'people' of a solution is the main factor determining the presence of that law. For like mango seeds 'human' of the mango tree. According to the teachings of the Buddha, the main mango seed called (paccaya or Hetu); other factors make up the mango tree called 'grace' (nidana or paccaya). In Pali, the main reason is called 'hetu'. 'Samudaya', the other called: 'paccaya' or 'nidana'. Both the main, and the other known collectively as 'nidana'.

What is the reason of Dependent Origination?

The Buddha said:

'Do charming ignorance, in Acts; conditioned by activities, consciousness; conditioned by consciousness, mind-matter; conditioned by an anonymous form, Luc; conditioned by Luc entered, Contact conditioned by contact, feeling born; conditioned by Tho; craving, conditioned by craving; Thu birth, conditioned by grasping; conditioned by Friends; Birth birth, conditioned by birth, old age generator, working conditions, Friday - compassion - priority - the brain. Thus is the arising of this entire aggregate of suffering. Brethren, this known as 'Dependent Origination'.

But from the dissolved and completely eliminate ignorance, Operation terminated; since the end of the activities, consciousness for killing; due to the that list - Removal colors ...; by Born destroy, that Lao - Friday - bi - pain - displeasure brain kill. Such was the complete termination of the entire aggregate of suffering '(1).

Dependent Origination?

'Bhikkhus, dependent origination? Conditioned by birth, old age death is present. Brethren, though they Tathagata appears in the world or not appears in the world, the nature of the measures still, decided to nature's, still under such conditions. Tathagata fully realized, fully attaining the principle of Dependent Origination. Fully enlightened Tathagata attained statement, claim, had developed, open, transparent display that principle, he taught so interdependent, that Lao Tzu, conditioned by ignorance that Acts' ( 2)

The law conditioned by the students?

'And brethren, by the grace that is birth? Lao Tzu is impermanent, is formed is conditioned by birth, is gradually decay, disintegration, is annihilated. Also, Students, Friends, Prime ... And ignorance. Brethren here called the law by grace that students' (3)

As the teachings of the Buddha just quoted, the solution is conditioned by birth (or call: things are interdependent). Really, only the presence of interdependent measures, it is self. Man is a being 'charming-born' so selfless. Those who see the truth of Dependent Origination is that the law; those who see clearly legal, then clearly the principle of Dependent Origination, and who clearly see the methods, see the Tathagata, the Buddha says:

'This Vakkali! What to see this foul body of mine? Who found legal, Vakkali, see me; anyone seen I saw France '(4)

And:

'This was the Tathagata teaches: Who saw the Dependent Origination is that legal, who see France, see Dependent Origination. This is due to conditions created: the five aggregates. Any sensual desire, fancy, hold for five aggregates are the arising of suffering. Any tame the craving, attachment, renunciation of craving and clinging to the five aggregates are the cessation of suffering. So like this, brethren monks have done more '(5).

Cited above, according to the author, point out three very important points:

- The truth of the law of Dependent Origination and the Tathagata is one. In other words, there is only one ultimate truth for all things exist in this universe.

- Man is the five aggregates, we dependent students should selflessness. Thus, the Buddhist theory of personality must be derived from these two doctrines.

- The suffering and happiness of man is the beginning or end of craving for the five aggregates. What findings will be useful for educators in education opens the door for the happiness of man.

There are other points should be noted: meaning 'Look Dependent Origination' is the result of the meaning tame the craving and clinging five aggregates requires a coaching education and cultivate the mind. In other words, it requires an education guidelines.

II.1.2. Meaning twelve Dependent Origination

First, the meaning of each part of Dependent Origination that are to be mastered, it: Ignorance (avijja) Activities (sankhàras), Consciousness (Vijnana), list of colors (nama-rupa), Lu enter (Salayatana), Promotion (phassa), feeling (vedana), craving (tanha), Prime (upadana), Huu (bhava), Birth (Jati), aging and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, brain (Jara-Marana, ...)

In some texts, the Buddha introduced Dependent Origination in the form of the eight, nine, ten more of the following:

'Thus, Ananda, the list sounds charming Food and Food coast sounds, excellent condition contact, contact conditions feeling, feeling conditions craving, craving conditions grasping, grasping conditions, charming Born, Born charming Lao death, sorrow, lamentation, , pain, displeasure, the brain. Thus the entire aggregate of suffering arise '(6)

Cited above refers only eight of the Dependent Origination. The next excerpt mentioned ten more:

'Hey brethren, then Bodhisattva Pi-she-competition (Vipassi) that:' Food is return listings excellent, it does not leave. So like this, Born, Lao Tzu present and in other realms and rebirth, known as: List excellent condition actual and coastal sounds, matter conditions at initial, Luc entry conditions contact, Contact coastal feeling, feeling conditions Ai, Ai coast grasping, grasping conditions, conditions of birth, birth conditions aging and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, the brain. And so the entire aggregate of suffering arise '(7).

Short form just mentioned in more Buddha as follows:

'Bhikkhus, the arising of suffering? By the base and the ceiling meet, consciousness arises; meeting of the ceiling and called Tactile; Promotion grace that life arises; due to feelings that Ai birth. Brethren, this is called the arising of suffering '(8)

In fact, depending on where the Buddha felt necessary presentation Dependent Origination under what form (five, eight, nine, ten or twelve). The following is the form of Dependent Origination is represented by twenty-three cost components:

'Hey brethren, so therefore activities affinity with ignorance, consciousness coast with, List excellent conditions with ..., difficult conditions with Birth, Suffering Tin, The Joy, Joy, Lac birth contempt Security, contempt Security Concentration, Concentration knowledge such as truth, knowledge as true Boring, Boring physiology involved, visit liberated, Salvation knowledge liberation '(9)

In the above forms of interdependence through the Pali Canon, twelve forms part of conditions is considered most typical is to examine in this work.

All forms of Dependent Origination recently introduced are presented mental processes operate from Ignorance to suffering, or awareness of the cessation of suffering, and presentation of the facts of human life and relationship between people and their lives. This will be discussed next.

Ignorance (avijja):

What is ignorance? - Buddha definitions:

'Do not know suffering, the arising of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path leading to the cessation of suffering, this is called ignorance' (10)

Do not know the suffering, the arising of suffering, etc. that is not clear from the third, and results of Dependent Origination; here called Ignorance.

In Business 'Chief Knowledge' (Central I, PTS, London, 1987, p. 70), Venerable Sariputta, the General Army chief legal definition:

'This text author, when St. disciples know clearly illegal or so, knows the arising of the long or so, said the illegal termination or so, know the way to the termination of the smuggled or so, he eliminated all domain option of taking, dispel all options free of yard, clean spit root of all options of the domain knowledge 'I exist' ( conceit customizable free), removes all ignorance, make the intellect arises, the cessation of suffering right now and here '(11)

The definition of the venerable relics-waving (Sariputta) suggests that the concept of 'me', 'I', or 'I will', or the concept of personality that human nature is this, that the other is ignorance. And, Ignorance is the source of wrong, of Action and Suffering. The operation of Ignorance leads to the activities, consciousness, list colors, Luc enter Promotion Tho, Ai, grasping,, Born, Lao Tzu; hence that the initial part of the Coast are meant suffering pain; human life and suffering.

Action (sankhàras):

What is the Action? - The Buddha said:

'There are three Acts: Body, speech and mind. This is a three-Acts (12)

This teaching means that all the actions of all people called Action.

On another occasion, the Buddha says:

'Bhikkhus, what is Action? Here are six places from: colors, delicate, flavor, from, contact from and judicial. Brethren, as well as the '(13).

Form, sound, smell, taste, touch and approach is what makes the world of phenomena, and the Executive shall appear as the psychological capacity of the phenomenal world. World in which people see the world really is created by the Administration, and as a result of what I called 'the will to live - or the will to live'.

The Administration also means as expressed in the following teachings:

'Hey brethren, our volition, from measurement, muttered that, this had become the object of consciousness exist; visa when objects are present exist. It's real existence and development should list sounds biomass; identity, Lu entered arise; due Lu enter, contact arises, due to contact ..., ... sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, brain arise. Thus is the arising of this entire aggregate of suffering.

Even if there is no volition, no measurement, if the competent attention to the existence (things), he became the object of consciousness. But if there is no volition, no measure, no whispered attention to things, there would be no object for consciousness exists. When there is no object for consciousness exists, there is no existence of consciousness. Consciousness does not exist or develop, there will not be the arising of the list identity; such as the end of the Schedule Import ..., of contact, of Tho ... Ai ... of grasping ..., .., of sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure brain. Such is the cessation of this entire aggregate of suffering '(14).

Have cited say up the Directorship power of the people, the cause of suffering in the world, and is the cause of rebirth.

Formula (viññāna):

What is Consciousness? - The Buddha said:

'There are six groups of consciousness: eye-consciousness, ear consciousness, nose consciousness, tongue consciousness, body-consciousness and consciousness' (15).

Explained that:

' Hey brethren, why called consciousness? - Of know, brethren, should be called consciousness. Clearly know what? - Of that sour, bitter, spicy, sweet, clearly alkaline know ... not alkalis, clearly knows salty, not salty. Awareness of the brethren, the so-called consciousness' (16)

The economic commentators explain the word 'form' as follows:

- Consciousness means Tri (sanjanati) - Knowing and not a psychological reaction.

- Consciousness means treatments (vijanati) - discrimination.

- Consciousness means understanding (Pajanàti) - decision.

Know about 'Ceiling six', as the Buddha identified as the source of knowledge, previous heart sank and human suffering. It arise listings excellent and the other factors of dependent origination, it is the subject of perception, the object of awareness, and content awareness. It is present in the body, speech and mind.

List Award (nama-rupa):

What is identity? - Buddha definitions:

'Feeling, perception, Investment, Promotion and volitions; referred to as the list. The four elements and matter by Four born; here called Lust. This is, this is the Matter called Mind-Matter '. (17)

Feeling, perception, Investment, Promotion, and volition, cited above, is the feeling aggregate, perception aggregates of aggregates, and provision aggregates; Lust was the aggregate. So the list is the five aggregates identity. In economic 'Dai Coast' School sutras, the Buddha explained that:

'I have said so Carry that identity. Ananda, to understand how this precept. If consciousness does not go into the womb of the mother, the English identity can be formed in the womb of the mother? - Buddha, no. If consciousness after going into the womb of the mother and then killed, the list can be generated in the form identity this? - Buddha, no. If consciousness is eliminated from the child, or where the men, women, excellent list can grow, develop, fulfillment? - Buddha. This Ananda, because it is so human, so charming, so start, so is the list of conditions of identity, ie consciousness' (18).

In the relationship of the twelve parts of Dependent Origination as described above, will not be correct to say that the true identity and the same or different, because both are not fixed entities falling that intimate contact with each other: in the present eleven more on the other side; too, in excellent list of ten more rest. Both are due to ignorance, and they both lead to suffering.

Clerk enter (Salayatana):

Clerk enter?

'Label, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind origin. This is called the Clerk enter '(19)

Said Clerk entered is said the meeting between the six and six ceiling. When the encounter appears, made their appearance; such as time entry itself imply ignorance and suffering.

Contact (phassa):

What is contact?

- 'There are six contact: eye contact, ear-contact, contact ratio, loss of contact, body, emotions and mind contact. This is called Promotion '(20)

Promotion is the meeting of three elements: base, ceiling, and corresponds to the base. This is also the meaning of the meeting of the cognitive subject, object awareness, and content awareness. Thus, the Promotion is the expression of consciousness, Ignorance or suffering.

Feeling (vedana):

What is life? The Buddha said:

'There are six life: life arising from the eye contact, Tho arising from the ear contact, from billions contact, from the loss of contact, body contact, and from that contact. This is called Life '(21)

There are three kinds of feelings are often introduced in many economic of economic organs Nikaya: Feeling happy, feeling pain, and feeling no happiness without suffering.

Feeling happy, always produce craving in the human heart. Feeling pain is always bring anger. Feeling unhappy suffering is not always nurtured ignorance. Thus, feeling is the source of nurture greed, hatred and delusion. It really is essential to make life and death and suffering.

Craving (tanha):

What is craving? - The Buddha states:

'There are six groups of one: one color, one sound, one home, one, one contact and one legal. This is called Ai '(22).

While 'Chief Knowledge of' (Central I), venerable relics-shot to three charity groups as follows:

'This letter, what is the arising of suffering? - The Ai toward a different life, with joy and lust, find joy in this place, and there, it's charity, Ai property and the no Ai property. Hosts, this is known as the origin of suffering '(23)

Desire the pleasure that is craving the sweetness of color, sound, smell, taste and touch. This is sensual.

Concept existing charity (organic or love) is the desire to be present and exist in a realm of beautiful, happier and more subtle.

Desire does not exist (organic or not love) is the desire is not present, does not exist, because by being boring.

As everyone can experience in everyday life, people born to live with the desire for happiness and pleasure from six ceiling. Unfortunately, all things, all pleasures are impermanent through every moment, and this makes people suffering and cause burning desire. Lust as fire, suffering more ... This revealed Craving is the root of suffering, it is suffering.

What is attachment?

- 'There's four attachments: manual training, armament, prohibits prime and falls Comments players. This is called clinging '(24).

The truth of suffering life has made people hold the desire, and hold the object of desire, whether it is the way to find happiness. Then people go to see the desires and thoughts as his self, his real self. This phenomenon arises from the attachment to desire, clinging to the notice and attachment theory intersection property, and strengthen ignorance and suffering. On the other hand, the thinking man's own self also produce craving and clinging.

Becoming (bhava):

What is Friendship? Property is defined that:

'Three Friends: education, excellent organic and inorganic organic identity' (25)

Property that is the realm of existence. Useful only realm where they are present.

World of realms Education (organic education) is the world in which beings crave color, sound, smell, taste and touch. World of realms Sac (Sac retired) is the realm which they crave the delicate colors, craving the existence and survival. World of Immaterial realm (Immaterial Property) is the realm of sensual being boring and mundane existence; those beings tend to want does not exist. Friends like that are the expression of our desire.

Birth (Jati):

What is birth? Birth is explained as follows:

'What of our born, heading beings or other beings, are born, birth, Christmas birth, birth, the appearance of the aggregates, the formation of the land. This is called being '(26).

For humans, the emergence of English identity or five aggregates is called birth. Beings such as the appearance of ignorance and suffering.

Old death (Jara-Marana):

Old dead? That is:

'What of our born, heading beings or group of them, is old, weak, weakness, tooth loss, gray hair, wrinkles, crippling life, the degenerate base. This is called aging. What the beings of this kind or other kinds of beings is death, separation, is the target of death, death: the aggregates disintegrate, dispose: This call is dead. So it's old, is dying, and that is Death '(27).

With human, old death itself suffering. The images of destruction all existing conditionality is contrary to the desire of man, very terrible for everyone.

Above is the meaning of the twelve parts of Dependent Origination is the Buddha explained. The operation of the twelve sections that will make up the so-called man's entire existence is an author table.

II.1.3: The operation of twelve of Dependent Origination

Buddha Under the Bodhi roots start-up idea:

* No Student, Suffering absent
* Without Being Born not be present.
* No grasping it can not be present;
* Nobody Prime can not be present.
* No Life, Ai no may be present.
* No contact, the feeling can not be present.
* No Content Promotion can not be present.
* No Title identity, the Clerk entered can not be present.
* No Food List identity can not be face.
* No Action visa can not be present.
* takes Ignorance can not be present.

Thus, ignorance is the source of the stream of life suffering. But it is conditioned by birth, not the cause as the Buddha first preached.

'Hey brethren, the starting point of ignorance is not know to say:' Ignorance is not present; Ignorance can be found from it '. Brethren, saying this statement. But this is known: Ignorance is conditioned by the other conditions that arise '(28).

Do not know that all existence is conditioned by ignorance. From this ignorance, people come to accept the imaginary self there then arises Ignorance and foster ignorance. Do this wrong and wrong thinking people in search of his true self, and find the causes of the first world. The property falls thinking that sparked craving, hatred and delusion that are the engine of the actions of body, speech and mind of man. This event caused me much sorrow.

A useful when thinking fall operation, the presence and operation; operation of consciousness requires the presence of the subject awareness (consciousness), the recipient formula (list or identity Luc enter or the world outside) and the meeting of subject and object perception (Tactile). Then Feeling immediately appear. Thus, the cost of Dependent Origination: Ignorance, Action, Food, List form, enter, contact and feeling always present in every process of psychological operations.

Sensations include psychological reactions, that is Ai or anger, or ignorance, or two of the three things. Ai itself imply attachment. They are great and manifest in numerous forms endless. This requires the existence of the world, or Three ownership (tibhava). In short, a property when thinking becomes operational, operating twelve of Dependent Origination. The details of that are self, impermanence and lead to suffering.

So, man is nothing other than the operation of the twelve parts of Dependent Origination leads to suffering, if the human mind to think own self control. If the thinking self, or the static sense of Dependent Origination, operation, the operation will lead to the extinction of twelve he, or the cessation of suffering. Then humans appear is the man of the egolessness of things and look for happiness in the present and here. People really proved that long dream and his family and education to become a reality.

In fact, the thinking man's own self or self generate the property value of thousands, thousands of property assessment, and open the way to the culture of humanity. Overall, the current culture was created, has been dominated by only organic self (or ignorance), the factor has produced a wealth of human life, the universe, the value people, and this crisis can be found in the operation of the thinking self to the intellectual sight of Dependent Origination will be discussed in the next section of this work.

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II. 2. Chapter 2

In the light of Dependent Origination

The problem is usually dealt with in a culture that is human life, the universe, personal issues, and environmental values. The problem is a decision-making role of cultural development, will be reviewed in the chapter 'In the light of Dependent Origination'.

II. 2. 1. Human and the Universe office

Survey origin, or nature, of life and the universe is the work of the field of metaphysics. It holds an important position in philosophy. Problems of life and the universe were surveyed from the dawn of Greek thought, India and China. This is the understanding of the nature of all things organic related problems' often 'and' section ',' self 'and' self ',' reality 'and' nothingness', 'creativity' and ' creation ', etc.

Shakyamuni Buddha, who himself attained the ultimate truth, metaphysical issues is empty. He is often silent and did not answer metaphysical questions like that, because according to him, practically no metaphysical issues related to the target final release that a Buddhist monk aim. Experimental psychology of attitude he has been mentioned in many of the Pali Canon. However, on the way to understand human beings and the universe, the author finds it necessary to mention a few philosophical problems, psychological (or spiritual) and physical.

When I survey the universe, human beings are the same universe exists now and here. How people can know the truth of the universe as humans can not know the truth of yourself? So it practical for people to return with myself to know who you are, where you are to be able to eliminate all the stuff obscured themselves from the real things. Want to do that, people have to take the practical methods of Phenomenology and methods of the psychological experience of the Buddha.

Material, the Buddha declared the material world by the four elements formed as much Indian thought before he announced: the elements of earth, water, wind and fire. These factors are movement and impermanence, should be useful as they should also impermanent. The question of the origin of the Four hungry for the truth Dependent Origination the Buddha discovered, becomes meaningless and unacceptable.

Dependent Origination, the phenomenal world is conditioned by birth, is selfless and empty; humans is a combination of five aggregates, is selflessness and emptiness; human person and the world can exist without separated. This fact has been proved Buddha in economic Mahapunnama (Central III) and in the economic sphere distinction (Dhatuvibhanga, Central III) that: Sac aggregates including internal identity is the physical body of the individual, foreign identity the physical world; This means that the universe itself is a part of the human body.

Because the human mind is limited by own ego thinking and by the limitations of the senses, it can not come to the true world of all things organic, it raised the question: is the universe is existence as human perception? Or, the universe exists independent of human perception?

The answer to that question, the conclusion that the universe exists as what people perceive it; the Western idealistic argument for that man can only know the world to be aware through the senses, but can never know the world itself, as Plato told; Immanuel Kant was a rationalist, but accepted the view of the idealistic argument. Though things look different, the Western philosophical education and are convinced that there is an objective world independent of man that man can never know. This is the root difference, according to the author, between the teachings of the Buddha and other schools of thought to the author a hope to find the answers to the crisis caused by own ego thinking. Once in economic Patigamiya (State of), Shakyamuni Buddha said to world invisible (asamkhara) is the world exists outside the category of 'go' and 'to', 'birth' and 'death' and so on. . And he claims it's the world of the cessation of suffering, the cessation of clinging. This says to the world that people see and know the world of attachment, crazy heart, crazy idea, crazy sex and crazy ants, arising from ignorance (avijja)

Thus, the real world is a world phenomenon that the absence of attachment, craving human. Buddha identified:

'And, this Bhaggava, this is taught, are declared to be false, was empty a lie, it was the monks and Ba-la-his false condemnation for that:' Sa- subjects Gotama and his disciples of the recluse Gotama the wrong way recluse Gotama declared that anyone reaching the realm of freedom 'Pure', that the world is 'impure'. But Tathagata does not claim that. What the Tathagata declare that whenever a person attain the realm of 'liberation, purity', he sees that the world is 'Pure' (1).

Teachings on the manifest that the educational point of view of the Buddha is: educate people, to help people cultivate his mind to escape from the defilements, the defilements. When the mind is pure, people will see the purity of the true world or the world: for the pure, happy and truth appear at the same time. Education is not a problem under a theory of human personality or a form of education. Also not a problem in search of the origin of man and the universe.

Then another problem that can be set, following the spirit to matter or matter to mind?. This is a philosophical issue.

As already mentioned, human thinking operates on the basis of the concept of organic self. Besides the concept of self, thinking can not operate. Own self concept has created the concept of the order of things, the concept of 'before' and 'after' and 'first cause' (first). Reality itself is not related to the concept of organic self. Reality always said that spiritual or material is conditioned by birth, as the truth of Dependent Origination said. If the aggregate can not be separated from the other four aggregates, the material can not be separated from the spirit: they both exist. However, to emphasize the training of the mind, the Buddha says:

* 'All the measures are due to heart: our minds, heart artifacts. If we say or do with malice, suffering will follow as we wheel oxen pull '. (Dhp. 3).

* 'All the measures from the mind: mind master, mind artifacts. If we say or do with a pure mind, happiness will follow as we do not leave the ball '. (Dhp. 2).

Tam is mentioned in two teaching should be understood is conditioned by birth, both Tam ownership (tibhava) - the universe - is conditioned by that student; all of all existence, spiritual and physical self so empty. Only the problem of suffering and sorrow, but not the theoretical issues, is the Buddha focused on his education.

Knowledge, or knowledge, is another important issue to be considered. It relates to the human existence and close to the point where people see it as something of his self. What is that knowledge? An understanding of the outside world is a combination of sources of information brought by the senses. But the senses are not reliable sources of information. Prices as a left hand in a pot of cold water, his right hand in a basin of hot water; then dip both hands into a basin of broth; hands that will not give the same feeling. That is wrong. Similarly for the other senses. Sum due from only organic self made, so it is of ignorance. So knowledge does not belong to the fall of man, not of the true world. In light of Dependent Origination, knowledge is clearly a factor only lead to suffering; it is not what people expect.

Education system, as most of the education system of today's world, only provide knowledge will not bring happiness to people. Education system like this needs to be adjusted as soon as possible.

In addition to the silk on, the doctrine of dependent origination, the author, can promote many new perspective on personal issues, society and the environment, will be discussed next.

II. 2. 2: Dependent Origination and personal issues

The major problem of modern society that thinkers, education, leadership and constant care issues and personal contact between individuals and society, history, the environment, because these issues closely associated with happiness and the existence of individual existence as a part of human life, so the issues that need to be examined in the light of Dependent Origination.

And personal happiness:

It is evident, that all men are created to be happy and not to suffer, to serve practical goals happiness without serving any other goals do not have associated themselves with happiness. Also evident that human life searching for the truth for the peace of mind now and here. So the main object of education and culture to individuals, and the basic purpose of education is personal happiness.

Since ancient times, people were clustered together into tribes to survive, to improve their lives, and to adapt to the weather, the environment and nature. Because of these reasons, society, culture and civilization was formed. Because the stream of life flowing forever, so human efforts to build social and happy to change from generation to generation. Then the individual must work to individual serves two purposes: one for individuals and for society. When two targets are not met effectively, individuals who raise issues and require answers. However, people's view of personal, social and happiness are different. This incident led to the problems he has become increasingly complex and makes the search for answers into the reason for the religions and schools of thought and development. Follow the typical view of the matter said from the major cultural regions of the human race.

P. T Raju, in a work entitled, 'The concept of human' by Raju and S. Radhakrishnan published, has said:

Of Greek thought:

'The philosophy before the sophists did not mention much human contact and social ... The sophists, in favor of more personal, passionate with education leaders who will influence society and social use as a means to achieve their own purposes .. ..

Every man is the measure of things for themselves, not just things to be aware, that all things of good, evil in society. Plato and Socrates against 'individualism' and 'relativism' extremes of the sophists. People, the measure of objects, not as separate individuals but as universal. Social structure and the structure of the soul (or self) of human reflection and mutual interdependence. Human nature is rational and is found in a society that was arranged by the rational order. The modern idea that social individuals can not be separated and 'personality' is formed by the society and the development of society, ideas that do not grow in Greek thought ... Socrates and Plato, indicating social room and the human nature on large coarse cloth, or reflect the amplification of human nature. People actually live in society, can not live in society.

... Aristotle, a rationalist, accept the main principles of Plato. Man can not be man without society ... ' (2).

Chinese ideology:

'For humans, human interest is the most powerful, is to make man fend enough for yourself ... how to have a national form, the best society, in which people can live ethical problem posed in the history of Chinese philosophy. 'Look at human contact to organize a nice country' is the advice of Confucius ... When Mencius says that the universe, the universe of human contact, that the universe is found in the human mind, Mencius would say that the universe can be found in man but not the universe from a reality outside man. Compliance is different Mencius, he said that human nature is evil, selfish, so people need to cultural education to good people ....

Human nature is human society, moral people can only live in human society, God is present or not present too '(3).

Indian thought , almost the world's deepest thoughts, as mentioned in section (I. 2).

Marx thought, PT Raju assessment:

'Marx's philosophy stems from the premise that the individual is a social creature ... Mars and Engels considered personal and social life of the individual is not a difference, though two individuals with different forms of expression ... 'People can only stability problems in society'. Marx wrote: 'just society, the personality of the individual can manifest depending on the social conditions' (4).

With the author of this work, Greek thought, the thought 'duality' (duaslism) for that each existing in its own nature, though the notion that individual and social subject and each other or not. That's why the thoughts that belong to the operating system of ignorance inevitably leads to suffering.

The Chinese thought which emphasizes the human virtues of social life in order to be well-organized. These thoughts are just products of organic thinking self, which is not the product of reality. Sure they bring sorrow and suffering to individuals as we can see in Chinese history: the tragic contradictions of same human system occurred.

Shakyamuni Buddha assessment of mankind's ideological views that:

'When the Sa - subjects, Mrs. - la - he, the thinkers of the past (present or future), with the prejudices of the past (present and future) has sixty-two views different, that is just the feeling of those who do not know, do not see, that's the worrying range of people who are engulfed in craving '(5).

Buddha with omniscient wisdom saw and knew the truth of the universe and explains the formation of the earth and human society, can be summarized as follows:

* At the time of the passing away of this world, being born on Optical Sound Forecast. In living beings, mind-made, nourishing self joy, light, travel the middle of nowhere, brilliant ...

* At the time of the formation of this world, the beings in Quang Music Thien after death are born in this world. Here, the living beings, from the mind, nourishing bliss, body, bright, brilliant travel the middle of nowhere ..

* At the time of this world, only water; all black light ... and do not have a differentiated night and day, they are being seen as being, without distinction of male and female ...

* Then the land appears to be a thin layer coated on the surface with the color of butter and sweetness of honey. Then one of the few beings greed taste of land, immerse front of the land; craving begin to arise in the mind of sentient beings. Greed as much as the land becomes as Caulking rough; rough beings he has become worse.

* In the living beings, those who have less greed excellent content becomes more beautiful, others worse. The beauty, the capacity despise the people with bad color (cream); makes the taste of the land disappeared. Then sprung up something nice color, good flavor and taste.

* Then the craving of them increase, the soil becomes worse, the crude beings become increasingly bad.

* Then to the rice grow between the clearing, no cover, no dust, grains and herbs. What part do people get rice for dinner will sprout again, and nine in the morning the next day, and the human rice for breakfast it will grow back and nine in the evening. Then the man becomes worse than crude; developing female genitals female, male and male genital development; desire arises and the human body burning lust; sexual intercourse between men and women appear.

* At first, the men and women who have sex cursed, thrown into the soil and ash, and not allowed to live with other people (not sex) in the villages and towns in the past two months.

* People became lazy and want to harvest as much as possible to keep as your own and use your own ..., the rice fields disappeared, the sexual life of men and women are openly accepted receive. People started building homes to cover the sexual activity.

* Then happened the this type rice theft of the other: stealing and lying.

* Now people choose the most beautiful colors (ie less greed least) as the 'lawyer' or 'referee' to arbitrate theft rice. 'Lawyer' or 'arbitrator' is the bonus allowances of the rural population without paddy cultivation. This is the beginning of the class leaders. (Khattiya).

* A few people stay away from sexual love life, life in the play is in solitary places in the forests and practicing meditation. They are known as Ba-la-subjects (Brahmins). Some Ba-la-subjects can not meditate at the remote location, has returned to live in the villages and towns to the front of their books; also known as Ba-la-subjects.

* The other person employed is called trafficking traders (vessas). The others go hunting to live is called the Prime-momentum-la (suddas).

Thus, when the earth formed, the first beings appear from Optical Music Thien, do not need food. Then the sweetness of the rice land and tempt them resulting desires beings start up and grow in their hearts. Then the genitals appear with sexual desires. When developing human desire, social needs and development requirements with the organization of society: human society is formed and the social class appeared: social response individual requirements. This is the first and last role of the society. This is why the Buddha is only interested in the suffering of the individual in this life, and interested in the action than happy for them. Buddha thus taught:

'People do not become a caste inferior by birth, they did not become She-la-subjects by birth. Action by which a person becomes inferior class or Ba-la-subjects' (6).

Society does not have to do anything other than help individuals resolve personal problems caused by their job. Cultural and traditional attributes of social capital also have to do the same. This is the most traditional sense of the role of society, culture and tradition. And the most traditional and original meaning of purpose in the life of the individual is a calm spirit of self-pleasure, at least as appeared in the early days of this earth.

World today as a great society has many problems to be solved, such as language, political systems, customs, lifestyle, religion, creed, ethnicity, gender .. . and the environment. All these problems, a very strong impact on human capital, is present as an ocean wave up personal sunk the boat. In the midst of living conditions, individuals feel estranged himself to the amazement of his own questions about the origin between when they are clearly present, and the truth of life is present ahead. For this reason, the Buddha has seen and knows the past and future of the universe has stated:

'Ananda, do not say, do not say that! Teachings of dependent origination is profound, and it looks deep. Because of not understanding, not penetrating this doctrine that humanity becomes like a roll of confusion, as a hard cocoon, confusion as grass babaja, unable to escape from the dilemma, evil beasts, hell and life and death '(7).

Indeed, this culture can not help his own personal return and can not bring happiness to the individual, the human race would not have any other choice than to accept suffering as fate is if the user operation of the culture does not change. An evidence of the consequences of this culture is serious pollution phenomenon is happening can destroy life on earth. Surely there must be something wrong in the direction of human thought and action needs to be adjusted to protect the environment free from pollution. This is a hot topic of discussion of our times that the author will be discussed in section (II. 2. 3). The author thinks that does not understand the intimate relationship between man and nature, man will not be able to understand the truth of yourself; does not protect the environment free from pollution as protecting people go out suffering, mankind will come to destruction.

II.2.3: Personal and Environmental

What is Environment? What is pollution? We start to learn.

Environment is a 'from' nature only. A new field of study in the environment of the era called 'environmentalists'.

Several environmental concepts:

Environmental education is a relatively new science related to many principles dominated the relationship between organisms and their environment. Frederich Clements (1916), an American environmentalists, as environmentalists as' the science of the human community '; Charles Elton, the British environment, define the biological environment is the' School history nature and natural science 'related to' sociology and the distribution and consumption of animals'; Woodbury (1954), 'Environment' is a scientific study of organisms in relation to the environment, a philosophy in which the world of life is explained by natural processes'. Krebs (1972) definition of 'Environment' is the way scientific studies of the interaction of the environment which dominated the welfare of the animals, regulate the distribution, abundance, reproductive and the evolution of them '.

PD Sharma (FNI E) (Division of Botany, University of Delhi) wrote in his book entitled 'Every biological and Songe environment that:

'Today' environmentalists' have been contributing a lot to the policy of social, economic, political, and similar policies of the world. It's very common for the reference about the environment in the following articles, journals, magazines and newspapers on social economics. Environment really plays an important role in human welfare. This is mainly the subject of a major and modern learning environment focuses on functional interdependence between organisms and their environment '. (8)

PD Sharma has introduced many of the basic concepts of ecology, the authors cite a few typical concept:

- 'All creatures and their habitats mutual response and affect each other in many ways. Animals, flowers and trees population through environmental interdependence and mutual reaction '(9)

- 'Every life, it was a complex system of many similar elements, and it is dynamic (ie, changing over time and space), which functions as a selective sieve organisms for the development development through various forms makes its formation, or another form becomes the deciding factor in the final development stages of the life cycle of the species' (10).

- 'Not only the environment affect the life of the organisms, which organisms are also added to the environment as a result of the development, distribution, reproduction, death, melting tanks etc.. of organisms. Thus, the environment is causing the changes due to the activities of other species.

Dynamic environment and creatures development paved the way for many other organisms through a process called inheritance. The process was continued until the current development of the community as it can self-adjust the balance with the environment. This late stage of the community known as the pinnacle of development (11).

The quote above shows that between human beings and the environment there is a relationship dynamic, continuous, natural and inseparable from each other. Intimate relationship that suggests that environmental mess that is disrupting the lives of individuals as we can see the current environmental crisis.

Environmental crisis:

The current environmental crisis is environmental pollution: pollution of air, water and land. As for books, newspapers, etc. record the contamination was caused by the atomic bomb tests, the chemical weapons, the vapors released from the factory industry, and due to the increase of population in the world cause.

The term 'pollution' was 'group of environmental pollution' of the Scientific Advisory Board of the President defined in the group's report, titled: 'Restoring the quality of our environment', the held on January 11, 1965 as follows:

- 'Pollution of the environment is unfavorable changes in the surrounding environment, as a whole, or for the most part, a result of human activity through the direct or indirect effects of the change energy patterns, radiation levels, through the structure of physics or chemistry and through the plethora of organizations. These changes can directly affect humans, or affected by the water supply and the supply of agricultural products, organisms, through privatization or physical object, or through people occasions entertainment, learn nature '. (12)

Edward J. Kormondy record the causes air pollution generated annually in the United States as follows: (13)

The source of human-induced	Emissions (million tons / year)
- Natural dust - Fire - Traffic and transport - The burning - Other small sources	63 56.3 1.2 0.931 1.284
Total	122.715 million tons

Dealing with the problem 'of nuclear energy - salvation or punishment' EF Schumacher, in his book entitled 'Small is Beautiful' (the small ones are nice), wrote:

'For all the changes that human nature was brought into the house, the large-scale nuclear fission was quite clear that the most profound and dangerous. The nuclear radiation as a result has become a serious factor to the problem of environmental pollution, and is the biggest threat to the survival of mankind on earth. Not surprising anymore, the atomic bomb was witnessed by all the attention of life, whether they are still at least a chance that it will never be used again. The danger to humanity caused by the use of atomic energy for peace can be as large or larger than '(14).

For soil and water pollution EF Schumacher wrote:

'So far there is no international agreement was reached on the waste. Conference of the 'Organization International Energy' in Monaca, January 11, 1959, ended in disagreement, the main part due to the strong opposition of the majority of the water against the waste into the ocean of the UK and the U.S.. The waste in the 'high level' continue to be disposed of into the sea, while the amount of waste 'average level' or 'low level', thrown into rivers or directly into the ground. Report of the 'international energy organizations' brief survey was that the waste liquid gradually into the soil, the water, leaving all or a part of the radiation of physical chemistry or in the ground' ( 15).

From the quote above, we can figure out the pollution now know how dangerous! Threats to human life on the planet knows how!

The contamination was obvious consequences of modern scientific literature with the development industry, rapid economic control that can not be. Civilization was, in turn, is a consequence of the development of organic peak of the thinking self, the way of thinking and enjoy the pleasures of man. So, the main causes of major environmental crisis, as are alarmed, as ignorance and craving. Here we may raise the question of whether the Buddha's teachings on the truth Dependent Origination can provide answers to the environmental crisis?

As previously mentioned, more the list colors (Namarupa) of Dependent Origination is considered five aggregates of human beings and the Buddha defines that:

'Bhikkhus, how is the five aggregates? - Hey brethren, all the colors of the past, present or future, of the internal or external, gross or subtle, inferior or topping, far or near, are called 'aggregate'. All feeling, all perception, all activities ... all consciousness of the past, present or future, .. are called 'consciousness' (16).

Twenty-six centuries Buddha to mankind an awesome definition and extremely surprised that: the aggregate of a person including his or her physical body and the physical world as a whole. The definition was determined that the true nature or the environment is the human body, or a huge part of the human body, man can not exist and survive without the environment. If the natural environment or severe pollution, the physical body of man, or of human life, will immediately go to destruction. So, if people understand the truth of dependent origination, or if the media of human introduction of dependent origination, people will voluntarily hard to protect the environment from pollution, because that is the meaning protection of happiness and his own existence.

It can be said that environmental science and environmental dangers of pollution are devoted to humanity that knows no boundaries of human physical body: the physical body can not be limited to the physical body of each person, in any country or mainland: this is the true meaning of selflessness of the human body identity. Similar to the other four aggregates. Is this true to say that the teachings of the Buddha's self or dependent origination is the answer for the environmental crisis? Authors think, dependent origination can be the answer to many problems of humanity. Keep up the understanding dependent origination.

II.2.4: Personal and human values

For humans, living means living with the knowledge and values ​​of life. As we can understand, the role of education is to give people the knowledge of the categories of education, nature and people. Kind of knowledge, the value of knowledge and self-worth, are actually created by the human mind, this old problem that has been the philosophy and education discussed. What are people thinking? The significance of the present value of life? The answer to this question is what the authors have reached in this part of the work. This is the major problem of philosophy.

Dealing philosophy PT Raju wrote:

'Philosophy, the true meaning of philosophy, the philosophy of life, not just a part of life, but all life. Life is the life of man. People want to have a theory about life as a 'men only'. Other creatures do not need such a theory, our instinctive desire is enough for them. The aim of philosophy as a guide for life implied by philosophers such as Russell - when it comes to logical analysis, he said at the end of the book 'History of Western Philosophy' that his purpose it is suggested, promoted one direction live '(17).

Chandradhar Sharma said:

'The meaning of the word' philosophy 'is' love to'. It means promoting the natural and necessary for people to understand themselves and the world where people live, move and have our being '. Man can not live without philosophy ...

Western philosophy has left more or less true for the meaning of meaning of the word 'Philosophy', is essentially the search for the truth of reason. Indians, however, is traditionally very spiritual, always stressed the need to realize the very real truth ... ' (18).

As comments on of Chandradhar Sharma, the author also think that common sense should be considered philosophy is to serve people and the welfare of the people in this world, and the Western way of thinking is different with the way of thinking of the East: Western emphasis on the knowledge of life, the East focused on realizing the truth about life. This difference will be illuminated if we examine the way the human mind, in a general way, by Aristotle, a Greek philosophers large scale, expressed as follows:

According to Aristotle, there are three basic principles of thinking:

1. Uniform principles: - A material called (A), it is always (A). If the name changes each time the human mind can not function.

2. Not contradictory principles: - An object known as (A), it can be referred to as (A) or (<> A), but not when it is called (A), sometimes referred to as (<> A) . If it often changed its name suggests, the human mind can not operate.

3. Thoroughly three principles: - An object can be called (A), and the other is called (B), but not both (A) and (B), or half (A) and half (B). If it is both (A), (B), the human mind can not work.

These three principles on the assumption that all existing fixed self, while in real life, all existence changed every moment. This is a huge gap between thinking about life and human life itself that can never be filled.

The above thinking set to value things. The value of things without legs standing in reality, only makes people confused in choosing between full conventional values ​​and life-like, and just bring the human tragedy.

So clearly wrong and wrong thinking that the Buddha taught dependent origination teachings indicate that human thinking is more part Acts (Activities - sankhàras) of dependent origination, or Acts of the five aggregates or aggregates of English identity, it is under the operation of ignorance leads to suffering. Thus, the true value of the property is only present in the operation of the intellect (or clever comments) or in the eyes of human intelligence.

Own thinking on promoting people go in search of the first cause of life, and human nature (or personality) that things never existed in life as well as in the estimated value rate.

Authors think that any of the search of personality or any of a search on the nature of things is just a bad idea. The issue will be discussed more in the next part of the work. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/1/2013.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).