THE BUDDHA&BUDDHISM:WHAT IS BORN AGAIN?( LI ANATTA ).

 

What is reincarnation?
(Li Anatta)

"No one, not the other." Visuddhimagga

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Also Mind and Matter, the spiritual and the material, are two constituents beings, Buddhism does not accept an eternal soul or ego everlasting life that man has head mysteriously, from an equally mysterious source.

Eternal soul which of course must be immutable, before as well as after. If the soul that people assume is the essence of man is eternal immortality, the soul can not be reborn or perish, that we can not explain why "from the initial time, this soul is different found so far with the other souls. "

To prove that there are endless pleasures in an eternal heaven and endless scenes of suffering under a hell exists, ie, must postulate a soul.

Bertrand Russell wrote:

"I have to say that the old distinction between soul and body have dissipated like smoke, because the material can take the tough nature of the characteristics that the mind loses its spiritual nature. Psychology has just started to become a science. In the present status of psychology, believed in something eternal everlasting none of which require sustained science "[1].

According to the scholar, the author of "The Riddle of the Universe":

"Dialectic Spirit Learning postulate a Creator blew into man an immortal soul (often referred to as a part of the Spirit). It's a mythical story. Aerospace dialectical argument that "moral order of the world" requires an everlasting immortal soul. It is baseless dogma. General Fruits dialectical thesis held that due to the continuous evolution of man to improve his destiny, the defects of worldly soul to be improved forever in life and after life. It is a way of understanding of the biological theory of human mistakes (anthropomorphism) for that all creatures are actions and thoughts. According to dialectical ethics, shortcomings and unfulfilled ambitions in life to be filled and "compensated in a fair and permanent" after life. It is a passionate desire. Dialectical Anthropology thesis that the trusting nature of the immortality of the soul as well as the belief in a Creator is the truth inherent in all humanity. It is obviously a mistake. Dialectical ontology holds that the soul is a simple, invisible, and inseparable from, all can not be related to the deaths of damage caused by death. This is based on the false notion of mental phenomena. It is a fantasy of Duy god opinion. All the above dialectic as well as all similar theories of self has been in danger status within ten years and science has been criticized and rejected completely. "[2]

- If there are no more in the form of the soul, moving from life to life other then what is reborn?

Such questions, of course, accept something reborn.

Some have argued century ago "Cogito, ergo sum", "I thought, that is me." Rightly so. However, you must first prove that there is an "I" thought.

We say that the sun rises in the east and sets in the West, even though we know that is not really the sun rises and goes down but the earth rotates. We must also recognize that we can not enter twice in exactly the same place, although ostensibly so. All change very quickly. There can not be two identical moments.

Buddhists agree with Bertrand Russell when he said:

"Obviously there are a few reasons to hold that the" I "today and" I "today is;, and to get a more obvious example, if at the same time, I saw a man and hear told AT, feel that the "I" is heard and the "I" is a "[3].

Until recent days, scientists find a place impossible dispersed character and indestructible of atoms.

"With the full argument, the dispersed particle physics that atoms each series of small components. Equally reasons righteousness, the psychologists discovered that the mind is not a homogeneous entity with something permanent which is a continuous series of factors combined in the closely related no. Therefore, the enduring problems become immortal question that after the death of the other body, the elements of the mind and the elements of the body will continue to closely related to each other? "[4]

As CEM Joad says in his book "The Meaning of Life":

"The material disintegrated under our own eyes. It is no longer special, not sustainable longer lasting, is no longer the law enforcement provisions, and more important than all, no longer know what is. "

So, looks like the so-called nuclear "can be dispersed and can be destroyed." The electronic and atomic elements constitute a positive "can come together and destroy each other." Meanwhile, the stability of both positive and electronic components, just is like the stability of a wave, there is no limit for sure, and always in the process of continuous change, both are changing the form and location. "

According to Bishop Berkeley, the so-called atom is a fiction of his metaphysics and postulate a spiritual substance called the soul.

After studying the soul, Hume wrote as follows:

"There are some philosophers thought that in every thought - they are intimately aware of the so-called" I "and we feel that the" I "is real, and truly exist. These philosophers, apart from the obvious of all arguments, and asserted that the "I" completely transformed and can not divide.

"As for me, entering intimately into what I call the" I "is always met with a special feeling hot or cold, light nor dark, love or hate, happy or sad. I have never encountered the "I", in addition to those feelings, and never contemplate anything beyond feeling ... "[5]

Bergson said:

"All consciousness exists only in their living and a state of mind, if not modified, no longer a state. State of mind is a constantly changing. If the variable stop is the state of mind as well stop. State of mind is nothing less than the transformation. "

According to the renowned psychologist Watson:

"No one has ever touched a soul, or see the soul in a test tube, or by anything else, get in touch with the soul, as they have contact with other animals in the laboratory. However, doubts the existence of the soul is considered to be anti-religious and may fall first. To this day, the elite status that does not dare raise her up. "[6]

Mentioned problems souls, Professor James says:

"So far, to explain the actual events may prove to be the experience of body, soul theory is completely useless. So far no one can be forced to accept the scientific theory reasons.

"What I (used as the object) is the union of the experience, made with things already known objectively. So what I (often used as a subject) to know things that can not be a combination. You can not use what I had in the psychological needs and see it as a metaphysical excess can not change, a permanent unchanging soul.

And can not see it as a principle, an ego transcendence beyond time. The "I" is just a convolution transform each thought. No one thought the same thought - before then, but always upon application by the convolution of thought before to work together with a separate thought. "[7]

And Professor James concludes the book enjoy the soul as follows: "The very thought is the thought"

And it is the echo of the words that the Buddha taught over 2500 before, in the valley of the Ganga (Ganges).

Buddhist psychology teaches something that has no soul. Buddhism holds that we are the profiles of the two components and Matter (nama-rupa), the spiritual and the material, and these two components in a state of constantly change as a stream save any instant.

From ancient times, the sages of India also believes an inseparable scattering atom called Paramanu. According to the concept of the time, 36 Paramanu incorporated Anu; 36 Anu form a Tajjari; 36 Tajjari into a Ratharenu. A very small dust particles that we see Finnish defenseless in the light, called Ratharenu. So, if you split the other dust grains into 46,656 parts then Paramanu a small part of it (1/46.656).

According to the notion that time Paramanu is the most subtle matter, can not be divided anymore.

With superhuman optical label, Buddha split Paramanu and declared that Paramanu include correlation energies known as Paramattha, or is an essential component of the material.

These Paramattha is Earth (Pathavi the), Water (Apo), Fire (Tejo), and Wind (Vayo), known as the Four Great.

Land (Pathavi) is the component physical properties stretch material. If no components land (Pathavi), the object can not occupy the space. Two relatively nature, hard and soft, is the condition of that component.

Water (Apo) is the component cohesion properties. By the senses, can be exposed to the elements Earth (Pathavi), but can not use your eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body contact with water component (Apo) in the material. This component makes the object's discrete molecules attached back and gives us the idea. When a character in the flow, the element Water (Apo) in a liquid that becomes more dominant. When an object at specific dispersed into dust, in the each dust grain faintest also contains water. Two Paramattha, Land (Pathavi) and water (Apo), in the matter closely related to each other really. Water component (Apo), characteristic cohesion, dissipate, in the latter Earth (Pathavi), with extended features is no longer.

Fire (Tejo) is part of the heater material. Cold is also a form of Fire (Tejo). Both hot and cold are included in the composition fire (Tejo) of material and both have the capacity to make the material becomes ripe, or in other words that vitalizes material. Material existence and decay are due to this component. In contrast to the other three components of the Four Great Fire (Tejo), also known as Utu, the physical capacity to make himself revived.

Wind (Vayo) is a mobile component. Main ingredient Wind (Vayo) of material that make up the movement and is considered the generator of the heat capacity.

Thermal movement and physical resources within the same as the heart and within the spirit industry.

Four, Earth-Water-Fire-Wind, is the basic unit of matter, always mixed with four metabolic colors (Vanna), smell (gandha), taste (rasa), and nutrient Nursing (Oja).

Four metabolic and four always stick together and relate to each other very closely. But in a material, component may preponderate over another. For example, in the soil, soil composition (Pathavi) was superior to the other three components. In water, the composition of water (Apo) goes over. In the fire components fire was (Teio) and in the air, the composition of Wind (Vajo) dominant.

Thus, the material consists of the capabilities and features in a state of constant change, always flowing like a stream. According to Buddhism material exists only in time by 17 times one thought. [8]

Mind, the more important components in the complex machinery of man is composed of 52 state of mind (mental) constantly change. Feeling (vedana), or feel, is a. Perception (Sanna), or perception, is a mental state. The remaining 50 mental collectively Practices (samkhāra), or volitional activities of the mind. In the 52 states of mind, or tamn, volition (Cetana), or "desire" is the most important. All mental arise in formula (viññāna), or mind.

According to Buddhist philosophy, not a single moment that the heart can be empty, that is not always without a heart condition as a physical or mental object. Time existence of a mind as animals called convolution thought. When one thought away, immediately a new convolution arise. Thus, the thought - serial continuity, and duration of one thought was short, it is difficult to conceive.

Each thought - three-phase (Khana): Birth (uppada) to the, (thiti), and Cessation (bhanga).

Just as a thought over the period kill (bhanga), immediately phase delivery (uppada) of thought - the next start-up. In the process constantly change of life, every thought - destroy, move all power and all admitted to feeling thought - next. Every fresh consciousness of the potential due to short before exchange ideas and added that there is something else again. Thus the ever-revolving center. Stream of consciousness as a stream is always flowing. Thought - not quite the same thought - before because the new composition has changed, but not absolute because they both are in a live stream, a stream of life. Not being uniform, but uniformity in the life processes of living beings.

It should not be said that the mind is a long chain of thought - separate, Next interconnected, like a chain, or a group of connected train cars. On the contrary, "it continues to flow like a river, always receive the abundance of new components, from tributaries senses and always give the world that surrounds new ideas penetrate the road of life [9] ".

For a long time the state of mind, there is a serial contiguous state without short stack one above the other as people think. Not have thought - but also back. No thought - completely identical short. The state was always changing, can not exist in two consecutive moments. Rank human being confused in fantasy, smooth continuous external fraud was something lasting, permanent, unchanging, and even went so far as to change to a soul endures constant (assuming is both action and action observation) to in mind constantly change.

Four types of psychic phenomena, with a physical phenomenon to make five Uan (pancakkhandha), the extremely complex combination of five constituents of a living being.

Each individual is the combination of these five.

Overlooking the ocean we see a vast sea, the tiny components in the sea is a combination of many droplets. On the beach, enormous sand, but we just saw a sand carpet stretching on the beach. The next wave knob and then fade out on the sand, but correctly, do not have a uniform wavy pattern, from the depths of the sea rising to then melt away the uniform was on the sand .

See xi Guinea, we see mobile scene on the screen, but in reality only the separate images, continuously ongoing in some speed and we feel looking at a continuous animation.

I can not say fragrance emanating from the ear flower, pistil, or from the colors of the flowers, but the fragrance of flowers.

Same way each individual is a combination of the five aggregates.

The whole process of psycho-physical phenomena that always become then vanish, birth and death. Sometimes the Buddha used common nouns that referred to that process as "I" or atta. However, it is only a process is always changing and not as a permanent unchanging entity.

Buddhism does not totally deny the existence of a personality in its usual sense. Buddhism denies - the ultimate definition (Paramatha Saccena, Brackets) - a being immutable, eternal entity, do not deny there is a continuous process.

Buddhist philosophy called a noun individual is Santati, a smooth, a tidal save, or continuity. Tidal currents any immediate or ongoing continuous's psycho-physical phenomenon - by karma facilitate and was rooted in the distant past but can not conceive, and will proceed the infinite future, unless we apply the Path fully and properly.

The continuous tidal currents of psycho-physical phenomena at is what other belief system known as the "I" or eternal "soul" exists.

- If there is no soul, considered as a single entity, does not change, then what is reborn?

According to Buddhism, being a combination of these aggregates (khandas) or group, physical (khandhanam and patubhavo).

As well as the rebirth of a physical state due to a previous state to cause and facilitate psycho-physical phenomena which also detected by prenatal causes from conditions. The current transformation process is the result of the desire to desire coast to the change in a previous life, and natural instinctive desire in the present will facilitate the coming rebirth. In later life, the process of life may develop without a permanent entity to move from thought - this to short design ideas, then a series of processes can also properties without something different from life to life.

Buddhist theory of rebirth is not reincarnated soul theory, understood as the movement of the soul from this body to the physical body. In the book King Milinda panha (Milinda Panha) and the Visuddhimagga (Visuddhi Magga), Venerable Nagasena and Venerable Buddhagosa used many parables to help us master the easy reincarnation of Buddhist law.

Ignition story is very clear. Life as a fire, and rebirth as the fire from tree to tree lights. Continuous flame of life continues, even though the external interrupt revealed that we call death.

King Milinda asked Venerable Nagasena:

"Dear Venerable Sir, is it the rebirth that has nothing to reincarnate this body to another body?"

- Yes, the rebirth happening without something moving body to another body? "

- Please He gave an example.

- Great king, for example, one person's fire trees so far to the other lights. Is this flame lamp switch to the other lamp?

- His white glass, not the case.

- Yes, Great king, born progression does not require the movement of something from one place to another.

- Dear Venerable Sir, ask him to give another example.

- Great king, he remembered, small parcel out of school, his teacher poems read to him some verses for him read according to memorize.

- His White, so.

- So, Great king, there must be poetry shifted from the teacher to the memory of the Great?

- His White, no.

- Same way, Great king, is rebirth progress without something moving from one place to another.

And King Milinda asked:

- Dear Venerable Sir, what then continues from life to life?

- Great king, Mind and Matter, the spiritual and the material, also born in the next life.

- There is also the mind and body before moving to and being back in the next life?

-Great king, not the mind and body in a previous life is born again in this life. However, Mind and Matter in a previous life was action, cause, create karma - good or bad - and depend on it, the mind and body are born into this life.

- Dear Venerable Sir, if not the mind and body before being born again in the next life, we can avoid the effect of the evil action?

- If there is no rebirth, no longer pay the consequences of immoral actions, but Great king, it was reborn in another life, which of course must also suffer the consequences of past actions.

- Visiting Venerable glass for an example.

- Great king, as well as one person breaking of a mango, were all arrested, loaded to the king and said: "Great king, this man took my mango", and one person said: " Great king, I do not have to take his mango. I broke the mango is not left where he had planted mango trees. So I do not deserve to be punished. "So, Great king, who took the mango should be punished?

- Dear Venerable Sir, of course he should be blamed.

-For what reason?

- His White, oil pretext to run me, he also deserves to be punished for that he broke mango by mango tree he planted there.

- Same way, Great king, with mind and body to do something - good or bad - and by that action, a mind and body to be born into a new life. , Thus, we do not escape the constraints of the past. [10]

Venerable Buddhaghosa explains this complex points with examples such as echo, light, seals and reflection of the mirror.

A modern writer also explains the death-birth process was a series of billiard balls. [11]

"For example, if the a leather ball rolling to come to another result is still a place, and again to stop and stopped rolling. Not rolling ball switch ball was struck. It is still behind, it dies. But one can not deny that the movement of it, the shock strength of it, the end result, of course, or the karma of the previous ball detection in ball design, not another new movement created. "

The same way that - to use common nouns - body death, karma and rebirth in another body without something moving from life to life. New beings are born, not entirely, but also absolutely no different from being dead last, because both are located in an industrial flow. only the continuity of the stream of life, constantly changing, continue in a new body, immutable, move from one body to another body. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER.( VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS.GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.20/9/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).