DUTIES OF A MONASTIC LIFE.

 

For people to comprehend the point of departure in accordance with the spirit of Buddhism, the subject of "Taking Charge of Renunciation" will open a new path together helps us to think and talk more to help the understanding of meanings, values ​​and duties of the monastic life through the teachings of Buddha.
A. INTRODUCTION

Now, some people in life are still the notion that "ordained" as an act inconsistent with that spirit of hospitality of the people, keep away from worldly life, dear parents abandoned and shelters the temple family practice, do not round the child's filial to parents in caring for and signaling. So the question of space is word of mouth: "From the beginning of practice for home, church father new mother glass is selected from the" On the contrary, some people believe to understand and practice Buddhism agree that "ordained" as an act precious work, the work of sublime taste and, for that few people would dare to give up worldly pleasures, far from loved ones, pure life as a "work as hybrid origin, of the Tathagata the " the spirit of self-interest and benefit of others of his rank of sergeant ceiling. For people to comprehend the point of departure in accordance with the spirit of Buddhism, the subject of "Taking Charge of Renunciation" will open a new path together helps us to think and talk more to help the understanding of meanings, values ​​and duties of the monastic life through the teachings of Buddha. B. DUTIES OF A FAMILY OF

A. INTERPRETATION OF TOPICS

"Duty" also known as tasks and responsibilities as the English called "moral or legal duty" ⁽¹⁾ or from the "task" ⁽²⁾ means that duty; or "obligatio n " ⁽³⁾ means obligations. "Renunciation" means of separation from family life, leaving the secular realm to magnetic behavior. ⁽⁴⁾ In the economic Four Chapter Twelve , explained the meaning " renunciation " is scrape off the hair, making the Prince level, to take the lead, leaving the property world, alms enough. Each shadow eat once a day standing, sleeping each night under a tree, careful not to add. ⁽⁵⁾ Through the interpretation of the meaning topics above, we can understand that the duty of the renouncer also is responsible for / responsibility of the monastic life are presented in a second layer as follows: 2. MEANING OF FAMILY

Under the Act of Sa Di Qui Son Canh in Books (lower atmosphere), renunciation has two meanings: (1) from the secular, bare feet out of sight, far from finding his knowledge, (2) from the afflictions, round off their feet, beyond the three worlds. ⁽⁶⁾ More broadly, renunciation has three meanings: (1) of the secular part (from the secular), (2) of afflictions in ( out disturbing part-yard-si) and (3) in the three realms of family (out of the three worlds: Education gender, Lust Lust and Radio). ⁽⁷⁾ On the other hand, there are 4 types of family (1) body ordained, ordained mind: it's relative ranking generals round square shirt but still linger mind secular, (2) relatives at home, in care of: that kind of person but a family but the heart always diligent practice, not passion before infection, (3) body and mind are ordained: first-class family circle or square, the heart not the sexual attachment, glass tomb Tam said, precepts pure, crystal tons of practice, unless determined to end suffering, attain Bodhi, (4) body and mind are not ordained: the class busy wife, passionately sensual, infection of the ills. ⁽⁸⁾ In four of these , the third-class body and mind are ordained is the highest ranking correct in the sense that the writer wanted ordained presented in the subject. 3. EXPORT DUTIES OF THE FAMILY

The renunciation is always set up a life of pure behavior, mental defilements, convince the demonic, the pay off four grace ⁽⁹⁾ and the three-way relieve suffering ⁽¹⁰⁾ as The Son Qui taught: "line of Join author, found the super-sufficiency, allergic to as center; given us the holy dragon, ghost photography shock troops, the press reported four, eight international organic canvas. " means: a review of the renouncer, bothered to go to the Mahayana, the mind keep the other, the inner Buddha, to suppress the demonic, repay the four gift, save the three worlds ^{( 11 )} Within the scope of the subject, the writer wanted to emphasize the duty of the renouncer in two main aspects, namely: self-interest aspects and aspects of the benefit of others, were expressed through three main roles that the renouncer need to maintain a.
As a monks 'B hikkhu '
When referring to the term 'Bhikkhu' , it is translated from the Pali word meaning who was relief, beggar, a Buddhist monk, or priest; ^{( a 2)} and the Sanskrit 'Bhiksu' to mean the beggars, the Buddhist mendicant, or monk. ^{( 1 3)} According to the etymology, it is derived from the Sanskrit root 'bhiks' means requirements, wants, ask what ... So, it means that the person applying for the necessities. Or more clearly, it means that religious beggar. ^{( 1 4)}
According to Buddhism, the Buddha explained very briefly that a Bhikkhu is called with the full official morality (Pali: Sila ; Skt: Sila ') ^{( 1 5)} and mental (P: Panna ; S: prajna ). ^{( 1 6)} In other words, a true monk not far from the greed and the evil state; but also can enter the four states of meditation (S: Dhyanas; P: Jhanas). The priest as respectable and known as the true priest. ^{( 1 7)} Moreover, the monks should do the job rewarding as cultivating the virtue of your mind, body-gate- pure mind, pure life, protection of the base, temperance in eating, mindfulness and awareness; ^{( 1 8)} and to live as an island of yourself, rely on yourself, not rely on anyone another, ... to release all desire and sorrow in life generally. ^{( 1 9)} And finally, the Buddha concluded that a perfect Buddhist monks are mentioned with 8 Features:
When, is the monks, he has faith, have sex, have heard much, sermon, has lived with the audience, with fearless preach to the congregation, with four of the increased epicardial Zen, currently residing in communications and documents are not difficult, they are not tired, they are not free energy, due to extinction of defilements, even in the present, to win their own enlightened mind, and dwelling attainment outflow mind emancipation, liberation Property ; so, he spent part of her fully. 8 This achievement, these monks, monks are completely pure credit and be fulfilled in all respects. ^{(2 0 )} In addition, Ananda Guruge said of the monastic duties is to study the teachings focusing on the daily tasks related to worship the Buddha, the spiritual development of the area, obey the laws of virtue and perfect life, ... It is the foundation of the perfect life of the monastic life. ^{(2 1 )}
b. role a practitioner (practitioner)
with a role as a Buddhist practitioner in the new era, he needs to practice the application and practice the basic principles of a positive dynamic, which is the practice of three ways of learning (the Threefold Higher Training)

• Practice on gender (P: Sila; S: Sila-Morality or Moral Conduct)

In terms of practice, 'Gender' is translated from the Pali word sila meaning is the practice of moral and good character, that Buddhist ethics, and moral level . ^{(2 2 )} According to from Sanskrit, Silas is mentioned about ethics, is one of 6 or 10 three-and-password (Skt: Paramitas) or rules of morality (in Buddhism, there are five ground rules or rules of moral conduct). ^{(2 3 )} From the above definition, we can conclude that the word ' sila , or Sila 'is used to emphasize the meaning and the status code of ethics. In Buddhist doctrine, the laws of morality has come to us from the original form with the name or Pratimoksa Patimokkha (About obligation), ^{(2 4 )} it is gathered from the different laws in Tibet law, including 227's ^{(2 5 )} for about 250 monks of the Sangha and nuns, ... ^{(2 6 )}
As mentioned on gender in Buddhism, people must first comprehend the concept of proper of gender, the observance is aimed at individual moral consciousness to free ourselves from the agony of desire, hatred and delusion; so, the Buddha used skillful means to set the rules. Therefore, the practice of sex only as a temporary means to the human user to the deliverance from sufferings and afflictions in life; is a compassionate friend to people across the sea of birth and death, and a bridge leading multi- human craving River. Hence, in the Majjhima I , the Buddha taught: "Also, this text monks, I preach like a raft to cross passed through, not to take hold. Chu monks, the men need to know for example the raft. Dharma need to spend more cases are illegal. " ^{(2 7 )} From here, we can strongly say that the practice of gender will no longer useful if people were uprooted entire root afflictions and suffering an inner pain by yourself.
In post-modern world has always been the practice of Buddhist practitioners to comply with a positive attitude and creative depending on the situations and different times, particularly in natural this third millennium. For the precepts of the monastic life, we will learn a few examples of the 10 Sa that Buddhists should practice with the flexible attitude and positive: no killing, and not dance and sing; not use beds nice and large; not store gold and silver jewels, do not eat non-time; .... ^{(2 8 )} That is how we Buddhists and sustain behavior this world when some malicious creature (such as single mosquitoes, flies, scorpions, poisonous snakes ...) cause infectious disease, injury, or go to death for humans (like avian flu is now) or when he does not have the money to cover expenses for my studies, vehicles, the international diplomatic conference, or to build temples, monasteries, Buddhist schools ... or when he was invited to the part in international conferences abroad and are located in luxury hotels; or when the young monks eating non-time students for study at timetable universities and academies; ... It's a few examples suffice to understand that the training of the monks of today should not hold an attitude of intolerance, conservative; on the contrary they need to practice the application and practice it with a spirit of flexibility, accuracy, creativity and hard to enter into new situations and circumstances in modern life. This is the positive meaning of the practice of the precepts of Buddhism today.

• The practice of concentration (samadhi)

Sanskrit and Pali terms, 'Samadhi' is derived from the original 'DHA' mean 'set to' along with the prefix 'sam' and stressed state from 'A'. It means 'put together' . Definition of 'Samadhi' is used in Buddhist Pali canon and its sense of home and Meditation ^{(2 9 )} . A clearer explanation of Samadhi is derived from the root from DHA and the same prefix with sam and ā ( ā + sam + DHA), thus meaning 'The'. It is a state of attentive, calm and focus the mind and that it comes with a good lifestyle is a necessary condition to achieve wisdom and liberation. ^{( 30 )} In addition, many other scholars gave an explanation of Samadhi that it is the one mind, is the focus of attention on an object to eliminate all the others all. ^{( 31 )} According to tradition, one can understand the teachings The Buddha of the Buddhist monks that people need to practice is to eliminate hindrances in ^{( 32 )} in themselves by meditation, away from greed and abandon evil temper; the witness and his residence in sequential Profile meditation, Zen II, Moral, and charitable; ^{( 33 )} becomes his mind calming, one mind. The attentive so called 'The Perfect' ^{( 34 )} In fact, through the concept of Dinh, Buddhists need insight meditation practice that does not mean sitting motionless while meditation, which must be expressed through the jobs and living every day to adapt to the current social situation. This means that the meditation practice was maintained by the state of mindfulness and clear comprehension while walking, standing, lying, sitting, speaking, eating, sleeping, driving, studying, bathing, reading , ... In general, all work and daily practice is led by mindfulness and awareness. From this point on, we can infer that when a practitioner or any driving that truck, he is always mindful, alert and aware when driving seriously, there is no neglect and indifference, does not lead to adverse outcomes, and safe, so ... the driver is called meditation while driving. Also, the work and practice every day were all the same. This is the meaning of Buddhist practice MOIT The active and dynamic in the postmodern.

• The practice of Wisdom (Panna or prajna)

The term prajna (Skt.) or Panna (Pāli) is derived from the original 'JNA' (understanding) when the prefix 'pra' is added to bring the sense that 'wisdom, understanding, awareness attitude, the recognition, by judgment, insight, intuitive understanding, ... ' ^{( 35 )} In the Nikāyas, we can see the Buddha's teachings on wisdom (prajna, Panna) that you do know about the file as it started, the elimination, sweet, and the danger of separation of the six places of origin, he will have an understanding beyond the above. ^{( 36 )} On the other hand, the Buddha emphasized that we Buddhists not only fully comprehend the origin interdependence stems from ignorance and craving; but also the proper understanding about eight feet right path leading to the cessation entirely by aggregates of suffering fades completely kill the craving and ignorance. ^{( 37 )} days, entered the millennium Tuesday, Buddhists practice by practice wisdom and right thinking. This means that he is to fully comprehend the Buddha's teachings through the Business, Law Reviews and the right to apply to the practice of mind; preach radical depending on the level of human comprehension of reason more fruits and evil result from the action, cognitive theory of origin from ignorance and greed of the entire size aggregates, and for the four base as well as the Path leading to the complete cessation of suffering aggregates, attain Nirvana, liberation and supreme enlightenment. The meaning of such property is called the practice wisdom with correct and appropriate means. ^{( 38 )}
Through the intimate relationship of the three ways of learning, we can see that About-The-Wisdom is governed and closely interact with each other on the process of self enlightenment. Therefore, the Buddha clearly stated:
This is About, which is Dinh, this is the knowledge. About the same practice with the results will lead to big, big benefit. The same practice with the knowledge will lead to greater fruition, great benefits. The religious mind with the knowledge will lead to full liberation or illegal items, ie, illegal sex, illegal ownership, illegal ignorance. ^{( 39 )} From the above sense, we can assert strongly that About-The- Wisdom is seen as tripod, because if one of the three, it can not stand firm on the ground is. The threefold practice, too. About If compliance without the existence of concentration and wisdom, it becomes a compliance gender bigotry. And compliance and wisdom is the same. This point has been the Buddha taught:
"Gender, and wisdom - with one smart practice, He beyond - The forces of evil, And shining bright - As the sun shines." ^{( 40 )} In addition to practicing three ways of learning, a Buddhist practitioner Tuesday millennium need to cultivate positive and more skillful application of the Method Four French Photography ( including giving, loving speech, beneficial operating and colleagues) ^{( 41 )} ; Ngu Minh (including health authorities, the Magic intelligence , human intelligence , justify , and Internal Intelligence) ^{( 42 )} ; the modern scientific subjects related to Buddhism (such as: the world religion, social sciences, information and communication facilities and modern network internet ...)to serve on their activities for the benefit and happiness for all sentient beings and to society today. c. As a preacher (Preacher)

For a transmission of Buddhism, the Buddha clearly identified that if the monks preach and practice isolation affection, dispassion, cessation old and die, so enough to be called monks preach. ^{( 43 )} Again, in the sermon, the missionaries say only smart talk, talk without speaking awkward; only lawful to say, do not say illegal; just say to love, without speaking fees to charity; just say true, not true to say no. ^{( 44 )} Moreover, the missionaries encouraged others to practice and said not only consistent with rites, but also gives the views of the Dharma. This point, a Buddha teachings should a missionary monks achievements of three practices (1) encourage the body depending upon industry, (2) encourage the industry depends upon language, and (3) encourage the idea depending upon industry. Accomplished with three methods, a missionary monks reputation, life happiness for the majority, for the most peaceful, most benefits, happiness, peace for the gods and human people. ^{( 45 )} In particular, the Buddha emphasized the quality of the missionaries should be interpreted and willow willow solution, and the listener method as well. Both teachers and willow must be heard and legal interpretations. That's three quality foundation for teaching the Dhamma to others. ^{( 46 )} Step on the threshold of the millennium Tuesday, to deal with the problems current social crisis such as the environment behavior, HIV / AIDS, war, violence and terrorism. v .. v.; a Buddhist activities not only a thorough grasp of the social situation and people's current mood, but also perform cleverly how to reduce the suffering and social crises.
With the ecological environment, especially about the disaster of air pollution, a Buddhist missionary explained the animal a integrated and affordable for people on the value and practical importance of the ecological environment, and encourage them to respect, protect and sustain human life, plants, animals and nature; and on the other hand they are combined with afforestation, respect and protect all species of plants and animals, preserve air and water clean and no pollution, ... A skillful action would thus alleviate mental suffering to humans and the ecological crisis.
With HIV / AIDS, ^{( 47 )} who spread the ideals necessary first to understand clearly the meaning and causes of disease HIV / AIDS. That deficiency disease virus human immune system (HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes paralysis antibody syndrome (AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) through three main lines: sexual relations with an infected person ; blood of infected persons, and persons infected pregnant mothers. ^{( 48 )} Next, he combined with the social organizations established and engaged in propaganda for everyone on how to prevent disease HIV / AIDS monitoring thorough medical care, care for patients infected with HIV / AIDS at the end; support patients newly infected with HIV / AIDS by vocational training, counseling them in psychology, guidance methods of Buddhist meditation an effective and beneficial, creating healthy hobbies and favorite sports (eg football, swimming, badminton, martial Art, ...) almost make them extra strong resistance. ^{( 49 )} The do not only reduce HIV / AIDS but also reduce the scourge of society.
On the issue of war, violence and terrorism, the first Buddhist missionary talk to them with a persuasive explanation and the actual evidence of serious damage to people and society from acts of war, violence and terrorism and then encourage and guide them skillfully to practice non-violent spirit of Buddhism by practicing compassion and empathy for peace, happiness and true peace for and for all beings. Indeed, the practice of nonviolence is not only heal the wounds of war, conflict and violence as well as reduce disaster for all human beings and society but also a social construction peaceful and healthy, as well as tightening rules on equality esteem, friendship and freedom.
On the other hand, a transmission of Buddhism on the one hand this should depend on reducing the alms from the Buddhist followers and on the other hand should do to maintain the economic life of their religion with many different methods: planting vegetables; plowing rice fields; as tofu, soy milk and flour; ... incense; publication of Buddhist texts; make items for worship; ... ingenious economic role as not only provide support and material conditions for the transmission of Buddhism successful implementation of social services to participate both socially and education, but also to create for him has sufficient resources to maintain long-term religious life and firmness. C. CONCLUSION Overall, through the point positive and newcomers mentioned above, we find that the value of the monastic duties in the third millennium expressed through two morally and socially. The ethical question of the meaning of 'self interest', refers to the practice and requirements of individual moral development of the role ordained as a Bhikkhu, a practitioner. Social aspect is the spirit of 'good neighbor', as related to social participation of people with the means ordained as skillful as a spread. Based on these two aspects, he has the ability to perform skillfully his religious duties for the practice and propagate Buddhism to the masses, capable of teaching applications in a flexible and creative in participation in society for peace and happiness to people. Image as a renunciation not only opens a new path for the young Buddhist monk in the future in the role and tasks appropriate for religious Buddhist perspective today, but also contribute to the development of ethics and educate people in any social situation in the millennium Tuesday. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS.( GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.10/8/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).