Matter of vegetarianism in Buddhism. The problem is not a vegan perspective of Buddhism, have said it is the general opinion of ancient religions. As a result, the content and the meaning of fasting each religion are subject to guidelines and conception of religion, from which other forms of vegetarianism. For example, vegetarians may be the form of abstinence was not eating pork or other meat animal species only, or not to eat meat, but eats meat, or not eating meat only fish eat these herbs ... There are even vegetarian religion on that is more the desire, minimize eating ...
In Buddhism has two schools have advocated vegetarianism. Buddhism, also known as Nam Tong, as traditional physical khất wants to keep the Buddha, the primitive Buddhism, this faction advocated vegetarianism as a ' net ' humiliation, Tam, meaning that the meat would hardly see people killed, not hearing the roar of the mammals are killed, or no doubt would others because that kills, the meat of which An infringement not be pretentious, life. However, Buddhism in China cannot accept this fasting, they concept that vegetarians do not eat meat, only eat the vegetables beans .... Why is this difference, it is the content of this article. Of course, here the critics not fasting of right and wrong, which based on the historical record, conduct analysis and presentation of the problem why the concept of fasting according to Theravada Buddhism Buddhism or Buddhist vegetarian North Tong-Chinese only. Here, too, there is no ambition to work comparing the fasting between Buddhism and other religions. Therefore, the identification of right and wrong, please make my back to readers.
1. the meaning of fasting in Buddhism
Usually we are to understand the concept of vegetarianism is just eating in the food, such as vegetables, legumes ..., not the kind of animal as the meat of the fish. In fact, the meaning of fasting is only true to the concept of vegetarianism in Buddhism in China, or the country of Buddhism influenced by Buddhism, but it doesn't fit the meaning of fasting in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism. Why is Buddhism to have differences and factors that would lead to the differences? These issues are presented in section 2 and 3 of this article. In this section only explains the meaning of fasting in Buddhism.
Wherever Buddhism Tribe North of purpose, or the fasting is to grow compassion pleasing, alleviate anger, by practice does not kill, gay love and even other animals. While there was compassion, not nỡ to kill poultry species, it's hard to kill. That is why the Buddha introduces all: ' do not kill '. This world also are to form the fasting in Buddhism.
Thus, the issue should be read first, was introduces non. What is called non-and what it means? From the fact that, as human beings living in this life cannot be lived without. Because travel demand is a form of suicide, the use of fire to cook also must kill ... in other words, the most recent gestures of humans no more is less with kill either accidentally or intentionally. "the problem of vegan mean? As I have just outlined, the purpose of the fasting is to grow compassion for all sentient beings, especially people. However, that does not mean non is being known as the Buddha, or the kill could not be known as the Buddha, or enlightened liberation. Actually, the prerequisites for enlightenment and Liberation, depending on the role of intellectual property rights, are not subject to forms of non, if enlightened liberation, depending on factors, non some animals do not eat meat for enlightenment and Liberation, the Buddha does not need to ease your suffering in search of truthpeople also do not need to charge your order learn Buddha Dharma. Maybe of course who has enlightened liberation is compassion, not about killing sentient, but it doesn't mean that person is absolutely no kill, as though the body was reduced but there is still demand for eating, so still have the kill unintended. This is the meaning of the: ' Real countless violations, meaning that evil acts, but not intentionally, not guilty^[1]. This is exactly the reason why Buddhism particularly emphasizes the role of ' Italy ' in career 3^[2], which is meant to streamline and unify from Theravada thought to Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhism in particular respect and promote these ideas.
This is also the basic perspective form the point of view of exporting countries are eating the meat purity (which will be presented in section 2 below) of Theravada Buddhism. In other words, the absolute Buddha forbade his disciples not to be deliberately killed, unable to prevent unintended behavior.
However, the mind or mind is very abstract, hard surface to understand how her mind. Due to the specific time, so they are easy to tell what is good about something is a bad heart, to concretize it in an article: "do not kill", is one of the 5 basic prohibition of Buddhism. In fact, this world 5 except the fifth world is ' don't drink ' (which is about all of Buddhism), it is the general rule for other religions in India, in particular about things of Na. From the spirit of ' compassion ' in particular to ' do not kill ' or from the content converted to form sometimes encounter many obstacles, as have the unsuited form case with content. For example, the bad guy takes advantage of a General who joined to the shaft. So the General external renunciation and the gain from the inner contradiction. Another example, when the Buddhist to kill terrorists also feuded, in form and spirit do not match, this form of murder is evil, but with the murder. In this case, in the spirit of Buddhism allows Buddhists allowed to kill terrorists, acts of killing it with the rescue, killed with words, is determined from the heart, not anger with ignorance. Through this case suggests, Buddhism took compassion is built on the basis of intellectual property rights as the original, not the compassion is derived from duffer Center. This is the meaning of ' Representing The Si La ' in "A Central Function" of the Buddha explains the difference between ' good ' and ' friendly ' basis.
"How to know any better? The body of the evil, the evil of the evil gun, of Italy is real. That's the real good. What is know real good one? Join the friendly 's, nhuế, si is one of the elements. It was the French base any good. " ^[3]
Through the content and meaning of the past experience in the area and the concept of ' real good ' was the Buddha divided into two kinds: ' no good ' and the ' basics ' real friendly. Any elements that are not well represented in particular by oneself or by word of mouth. As the kill, taken by not giving, happy voting ... In contrast, the basis of any good is not what is the specific expression, i.e. the wrong engine enable from within, is the heart of greed and anger was stupid. So Buddhism the root of illegal behavior is taking Golf and si. What is driven by greed and delusion anger is called real, whether that behavior to hide the form or name, in the name of charity. This is exactly the reason why 'Our Economy Will Host"in the" Middle of A Ham "^[4] the Buddha did not agree with sa heterosexual, Given literature when he said that: no evil Guild creation, evil is not mouth say, were not deviant, the network is breaking ranks. The Buddha denied this view with the question: if his opinion is true, then the child just born there must be people friendly, happy offense ranks at an affordable price? Because infants cannot kill, burglary, lewd ...
According to the Buddha does not work evil, not of good, if that is good then the people mentally incapable of doing evil or infant also becomes a good person happy offense? Buddhism does not accept such views, said that the man is the owner in order to solve the problem, no one can replace. Man is a strange reason, reason to address the issue. Life of agony or pleasure will depend on how reasonable or unreasonable. As a result, the infant has grown up without the ability to do evil, it's not really a friendly person. We also should not be mistaken for that of Buddhist precepts, like the iron cage, locked everyone in the same cage, that is those good people, they are locked up in a cage has to do first is good? In Buddhism the concept of charity is set up when the people living in the world money list, but they do mind pollution is called's the good people, not the people who cannot afford or access the list advantage back to the person who is friendly, so doesn't fit the meaning in Buddhism.
One other point needs to be in the spotlight. fenced garden is for the purpose of protecting flower color in the garden, but in the garden to grow the weed, so the fence mean? Likewise, the purpose of fasting, non is to develop love and compassion, then is to grip the beings there, but his parents, his own relatives did not hurt, in contrast with the wicked mind, seek to harm him, yelling insults insults others, vegetarian mean? His parents were born, bred themselves grew without injuries, back injuries, others love is having problems; the same type of injuries trying to assassinate, to hurt animals, love is rooted in the understanding are not truthful. Likewise, not kill the expression or nurturing compassion, if not kill without mercy, especially the kind, keeping the sexes become meaningless, no value whatsoever.
That is why in the Buddhist scriptures often describe about suicide, "or kill, or people who kill someone kill that don't follow" is a description of behavior and will speak with the relations. The behavior without conscious participation, the behavior is not a career. This is exactly the content and meaning of ' "in the" Middle of A Function ".
"If guys would intentionally create a career, it is said that the life has to result in life or death so far, or to the life in the hereafter. If the form that was not deliberate, it was said that he's definitely not the life result. " ^[5]
The Buddha identified as if in good jobs would of loved ones and words have no sense that the behavior is not the life of evil karma results, it also means good jobs, do not have the compassion to join the elements that have no results. As such, cannot be based on forms of fasting came to the conclusion, whether moral, who had a practice, or view it as a basic condition for the enlightenment freed. In principle, people who want to be freed to the Enlightenment, wanted enlightenment requires wisdom. Thus, according to Buddhism prohibited suicide b. means to grow compassion. It is an indirect factor for the formation of a society without war, to live in peace.
2. the original Buddhist vegetarian
In Buddhism there are two major schools of Mahayana legacy and State: also known as the primitive Buddhism or South, if we explore the issue of fasting over two schools, fuel each faction has a different concept. According to Theravada Buddhism, the renunciation is allowed to use the fish food life ... due to laboratory home donation, known as ' tam Tinh humiliation ', but according to Mahayana Buddhist tradition in China that the renunciation was not eating salty, even though the meat that is the net Delta-humiliation. Why are the differences, we need to unravel. Here, we first try to find out the meaning of fasting through the Scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. Mention vegetarian tradition in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism Buddhism is found from ' the ' 55 Jivaka (Jivakasuttam) in the "Middle" episode 2, with content and significance are described as follows:
"ThisJivaka, who says the following:" for the letter kills, Gotama Desert creatures. Sa sports for life still know the Gotama the meats was killed because he was making himself ", who does not speak the words of the ta, they misrepresent him, not like the legs, as they really are. In this case we say that Jivaka 3 meat shall not be the life: See hear and (because of that). It is said, Jivaka in 3 cases, meat is the life not seen, not heard and not (because of that). It is said, Jivaka 3 in this case, the meat is the life."^[6]
Here, The Crown denies his dishonesty that he knows others that killing the creature, but He was still the life of the meat. The downside of this disclaimers, to determine who is using Religious life of world meat donation, but he does or know anything about the killing. In fact the Buddha is in the Group and are fasting according to this principle. What's More, food, cosy one Shou feed does not require absolute, discourage others because of that killing living things, ourselves also do not see other people killed or found someone to kill that unanimity. Thereby, He identified three types of meat not shou, and 3 types of meat tho. 3 types of meat are not listening and that is life. What is seen and heard? That is when you see others killing creatures that do not prevent, the use of life that meats, so is violated; When hearing the roar of the creatures are killed, which does not seek to prevent acts of killing, eating meat, so is violated; Tuesday is skeptical that someone intended to kill harmful organisms, but does not seek to prevent, it is not the life. In addition, a further case, the meat should not use life expectancy was himself killed.
On the contrary, what is 3 types of meat tho? 3 types of meat are the life is not seen not heard or not. Not mean that someone else killed the creature; not listening is not hear the roar of the bird species of animal is killed; There's no doubt that anyone suspected of killing the creature. The meat is donation in these cases An untouchable life are pretentious about it. In other words, what kind of meat do not intentionally kill, not sure who else to kill, nor find others kill their fun consensus according to the type of meat that An application be pretentious tho. That is An actual credit goes to be pretentious, pilot khất donation any type of food, even meat-fish ... An she receives food and pretentious. An option was not pretentious, not organisms delegate should host this donation, other animals should not be comfy, cosy home, nothing to eat, carnivorous meat nấy donation, donation, legume eating legumes, not both.
When the Buddha is in the, and the Sangha also to live according to the form of this plant khất, live by the Jewish believers actually asserts the donation, is the food of the people of today, they are taking out a small part of the diet to Increase donation, including the monks of the religions. Have to say, this is the basic experience to shape the views of fasting according to Theravada Buddhism, the Buddhism Buddhism still retain forms of vegetarianism. The concept of vegetarianism here means ' live by real life unintentionally khất kill ', but it is not synonymous with fasting in Buddhism in China, or the country of Buddhism influenced by Buddhism.
Someone put the question: in the spirit of the Buddhist precepts of South and North Blocks are defined: An offense that's pretentious kill violates Third World la di, is one of four major world of Buddhism, then why is the renunciation to eat animal meat? If that, the meats not seen not heard cannot be shou, meaning the flesh as being for life. The problem is, if there is no buyer then do have the seller? that is because there are people eating meat, so that people who kill, kill, kill the people eat is indirectly kill, both guilty of murder. Then why is that eating meat in the ' net ' humiliation triangle not guilty officer?
In fact, the question was explained in General in part one. But anyway have a question then people write Please also presented his own opinion. The most common point between the law, in criminal offences, 4 3 la di Ba is all An is not pretentious ' kill '. The content and the meaning of the sentence to: "prohibits An hamstring muscles are not intentionally killed their lives whether in the form of"^[7]. With this meaning, Theravada Buddhism Buddhism vegetarianism from the standpoint of ' Nick News ' humiliation, Tam did not see do not listen and not, it is not contrary to the spirit of the law, because of intentional killing. If that ' Nick ' humiliation triangle meats An hamstring muscles not directly kill, but it still means An indirect pretentious murder, meaning that An offence is carnivorous pretentious. If we accept this way of reasoning, that means that about all the ' non ' of Buddha is meaningless because no one lived in this life does not kill, even people, or people who have proven results. Because the longer people are still traveling, still in need of eating, cooking ... culinary diet also is longer. Then as people how thoroughly observe the non? If people do not observe this world who are so affordable is the Buddha's precepts to the nonsense, there is no value to human life? As if He ever claimed that: "the Dhamma is current's practical", meaning that the teachings of Jesus in connection with life and anyone can do, then why the anomaly? In my opinion, the anomaly deriving from the incorrect perception of ours, not the teachings of Jesus. To explain this issue, in my opinion, the nature of human life is thus inevitable that the murdered accidentally, so He just recommend that people should not intentionally killed the creature. That is why Buddhism Italian role in 3 career, taken as the standard to judge morality, good with evil.
3. points of view vegetarianism as Mahayana Buddhism in China
Here, I call the Buddhism is only for Buddhism in China, even the Buddhist influences Buddhist countries, including Vietnam, I must do the same, as localization is Buddhism but have some countries with no tradition of fasting such as China, such as Tibetan Buddhism, Mongolia ... Why are these cases, it is the content that is presented in this section.
First, we try to learn the culture of the Chinese nation has been involved in issues of fasting. As we all know, real khất culture in India is the Indian people see that picture striking, the ethics in society, hence the very people revered the khất. However, the Chinese had the perception to the contrary, they said, the Administration is khất beggars (the ban). Beggars can't be a high bar, have a moral society. Thus the Buddhist tradition of the khất cannot exert in China. If the row escalated here maintain lives? Stand out from the classic perspective, if the Minor Classics (Theravada) praised Hanh khất, the Mahayana sutras praised the alms-donation. Although that thought Buddhism arose in India, but it gets results back in China. Bell is one of six ba la suite was Mahayana Buddhism developed thoroughly. Alms is a practice of the bodhisattva, but the other side of it is an economic problem for the clergy. This ideology developed to the stage, Buddhism met some problems such as: 1. the clergy increasingly, the monasteries of up to ten people. 2. Due to requested, so the landowners 3 following fields again, filling breaking donation monasteries, monasteries became the most agrarian people. Increase them, land lot, besides the donation was criticized for the ' self-sufficiency ' must be implemented. This mode is called ' Rob the staff Department For real estate agent for real, Rob ', which means: a day without work, a day without eating. This regulation on the production, export and also have to work to live, cannot be relied on. This is the actual needs and circumstances of Chinese Buddhist society, as well as specific points of Buddhism in this country. It should be studied seriously to suggest and propose a reasonable economic measures and effective for Buddhism in Vietnam during the current integration.
Affordable housing as a culture, the culture of this country, so the Chinese proved less attractive with the Theravada Scriptures (U.s.), just accept the viewpoint of Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhist thought so and Home page have frustrated the similarities? Affordable prices for that reason that ' Jivaka ' as has been outlined above, it was not translated into Chinese, because it does not fit the traditional culture here? It is worthy of note and find out.
A cultural other in Chinese philosophy, the high realms. From that opinion, who wants the first, he needs to be more education, alcohol abstinence thit, eating the food are herbs, to the body are gentle, easy Ascension surface. Perhaps that was the reason for us to learn the views of Chinese Buddhist vegetarians.
As we all know, Chinese Buddhism or Buddhist countries influenced by Buddhism in China, all have the common concept of fasting is not to eat the meat of animals, whether the meat is not seen not heard and not. Even for that, whoever that cannibalism is not fallen into hell and into this vegetarian perspective., derived from? That is the question that any study would also set out and find out, who is no exception.
To answer this question, we can rely on the work of "Chinese Buddhism" by Guo to learn vegetarian issues. In this work, the third chapter, the third section is the thematic discussions on: the King Emperor Wu Liang (502 ~ 536)^[8] and vegetarian issues. The author cites some of the King's lịnh, who issued the required monks and nuns must adhere to a vegetarian, don't eat salty. Here we also need to understand about the King, Emperor Wu had Wage the King is the only Buddhist beliefs, he is assisting several huge temples in China, increased international diagnostic son Corolla platform, also on behalf of the elderly Increases experienced trainers say, even the classic notes. A special point of he had a profound influence on posterity is invoked issues of fasting (not eating meat). Due to the Increased Ni thoroughly enforced, for so the King had issued a total of 4 colors lịnh, with your catch monks and nuns must adhere to vegetarianism. In that piece he wrote: "now, the monks and nuns, the, need to be alert, teach them up (not traditionally); If the abuse does not obey ... will treat "or" If the increase they do not obey ... still eating salty, Sami (Emperor Wu Liang) will treatment Ordinance pursuant to ".
Since then, the Chinese Buddhist monks and nuns began fasting in this fashion. Perhaps that is the reason to explain why Mahayana Buddhism in China to vegetarians don't eat salty. It differs from some Mahayana Buddhist countries such as Mongolia, Tibet, they did not like the Chinese Buddhist vegetarians. But a number of countries under the influence of Buddhism in China, such as Vietnam, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan are all vegetarian, eating salty.
The formation of fasting has many reasons, first is the fundamental element of compassion of Buddhism, which has elements of King's enthusiasm for the Dharma, through his status as the King has extended the data from by not eating meat. Deeming it not not not contrary to Buddhist Compassion, is also in line with China's cultural identity, for the vegetarians.
4. the Epilogue
Fasting is not a private opinion of Buddhism, other religions also have the concept of vegetarianism. Today, the problem is more common than more vegetarian, vegetarian is not just for developing compassion – ethics, primarily for the health. From there, depending on the position and perspective of each religion that form of vegetarianism are the differences.
Only in Buddhism has also appeared in two different vegetarian school. Buddhism or Theravada Buddhism Buddhism has a tradition of fasting according to the ' net ' humiliation, tam, meaning that the meat is not seen not heard and not An authorized untouchable life pretentious violation about suicide. This Regulation certainly is relevant to the real-life khất. In the morning An actual khất hamlets into the pretentious, cosy home that eating meat even nấy fish is salted food, required no pretentious or selection. It's simple lifestyle, as Buddha did not want An busy food pretentious, spend all your time for practice. He is also not as survival Increases that disturb too much of the countries, mainly just take part of the diet of his day donation for monks is okay, not because the old Growth that is page private safaris. That is the reason why there is this vegetarian food khất form.
Buddhism reaches China V King Emperor Liang advocated and promoted. Because of the nature of local peculiarities, the enthusiasm of the King, took the thought of Buddhist Compassion combined with national and cultural identities, forms a complete vegetarian doesn't eat meat and fish, it is not only in line with the doctrine of the Buddha, while the twists on-table package in which Chinese culture style. It is not the only valid moral, cultural values, but also in terms of nutrition, aesthetics ... help people have more health and more beautiful. It has created a vegetarian movement in the world, has been a favorite.
My own so this fasting evenly, however, did not accept the extreme angles: firstly, the too high the vegetarian, often view it as the measure of morality or the practice of other people even think that fasting is the main factor to be enlightened and free, intentionally disregard the study learn Buddha Dharmathat is indirectly responsible for the development of Buddhism, Buddhism arrive with today's society. Secondly, we also cannot rely on the ideology Of Jivaka excuses for bad habits of eating. The fasting according to the ' net ' humiliation, tam Buddha instituted, it is linked to real life conditions khất economically at the time, not the current social circumstances, the social economy is abundant, food is plentiful, the life of the elderly increases the real, is countries which mainly brings to donation, or cooking at the monasteries, not on actual khất hamlets. A life of such facilities must all the vegetarians don't eat salty remains in line with the spirit of compassion of the Buddha. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.12.11.2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).