Three legal publications (Three premise of Dharma)

Three Dharma mark (Tam legal publications)

---

A. Introduction

T am to assign the nature of legal doctrine in the system of Buddhist teachings. In the Samyutta III, the Buddha was once asked the bhikkhu:

"Hey you, what to see, to hear, to be thought of, is said to be looking for, is the thinking, so he is often impermanent
- Being impermanent, venerable sir.
- Something very is often hard or fun?
- is suffering, venerable sir.
- What is impermanent, suffering, subject to the damage variable, if one does not cling, they may start to think: "This is mine, the This is me, this is my self "?
- No, the venerable sir "(non-self).

Thus, impermanence, suffering and non-self is identified third mark, certified the legitimacy of their doctrines. All Buddhist teachings must bring three marker. Because of the nature of this important publication Three measures are referred to in most texts, of the Tibetan plateau from South to North transfer and transmission of critical commentary as the Great Tri conclusion of Bodhisattva Nagarjuna SE.

B. Contents

I. Definitions:

India is a press or mold marks. Dharma means that France or the entire ideology of the Buddha's teachings are recorded in the three sacred organ. French press means that mold seals of Dharma.

Three publications are three legal framework including the Dharma seal of impermanence, suffering and non-self. Three mold marks or characteristics determine the legitimacy and authentic Buddhist teachings to ensure that every thought, discourse, interpretation, Buddhist practice is not beyond the goal of liberation that the Blessed Religion has declared doctrine. All three doctrines no publications on campus are not Buddhist.

In the Agama organs, sometimes the Buddha taught the Four legal publications as well as impermanence, suffering, selflessness and Nirvana (Best Business A Boost Function - Increase the upper 23 th). However, it was just the legal implementation of the Three publications. Because Nirvana is just another name for selfless as Thich Thien Sieu confirmed: "Nirvana is something absolutely not tolerate ego-self ... Being selfless is that samsara is nirvana" ( Anatta is nirvana, tr.65).

Four measures are sometimes pressed speech is impermanent, suffering and non-self, and not (Economic Boost A Function First - the evil Seven convergence 2nd). Again, "no" is just a different perspective on the origination conditions of all things, all things. A being known as selfless or not because of the nature of it is due to causes and conditions form. Therefore, can see impermanence, suffering and non-self as a determinant standards, general publications Tam law.

II. Three legal content publication:

1) - French first publication: Impermanence (Anitya)

French first publication or first publication mold is impermanent. Impermanence, Anitya Sanskrit, implies change, change, not fixed. Every doctrine, the doctrine does not carry this mark is not dharma.

- According to Buddhism, all phenomena, earthly things by being charming collection are impermanent nature. In other words, the impermanence of things that are not homogeneous invariants. Is a collection of mountain charm of birth, the human body is a collection of coastal living, the loss leaves the road is a charming collection of delivery, as well as the small dust particles that gather conditioned existence. As a result, the mountain, the human body, leaves, pebbles, dust particles ... are always changing, never uniform and bear the impact of impermanence. Everything, everything in the world of physical phenomena from the macroscopic physical world to the tiny micro particles such as atoms, protons, neutrons nuts ... always changes, changes continuously without a break . However, not only in the physical world but also in the world of the mind, impermanence always present.

- In Buddhism, man is the structure of the two components and Matter, or spiritual part - the mentality and physical component - student-body physics, and these two components are always in a state state always change as a continuous flowing stream of human life. "It's like the morning dew melts away when the sun is just rising, it's like foam, like a waterfall swept away everything it encounters and continual flow, it was like an animal in the oven killing, always dealing with death "(Anguttara trading III, tr.70). All activities, operational psychology: feelings, perceptions, emotions, thoughts ... people always existed in a very short period of time that Buddhism called the moment (1).

In psychology, the mentality changes over time can be divided into two kinds of variables is often psychological and psychological mutation.

- Often the psychological processes that change the mentality according to the reflective function of consciousness and business practices. For example, the smiling happy but then sad, then cry, sorrow. Success is joy, fail, painful, sad ...

- Psychological mutation is a sudden mood change in a very short period of time. Center frequency oscillations occur very quickly. For example, fluctuating mental state, while wandering encounter dangerous incidents: the fire, bereavement or sudden .... Often psychological variables reflect the impermanence of the spiritual aspects of human life.

But impermanent phenomenon does not lead inevitably to suffering - legal publications Monday. In the passage in the introduction, if only to understand that everyone simply impermanent is suffering, then the doctrine of impermanence is not a sign of Dharma mold anymore. In fact, if there is not impermanent, it will not be able to have life, and there can be no development. If the grain of wheat varieties in it usually never become rice for the white rice is, if things are not impermanent, the evolutionary history of mankind there can be no civilization and humanity will always backlog in the Palaeolithic period. And if there is no impact of impermanence, we will hopefully never make an end of craving habitual afflictions are hidden deep within our hearts. Thus, the doctrine of impermanence brings confidence to any creative endeavor and human development. Impermanence is characteristic of the true nature of life.

2) - France pressed Monday: Suffering (dukkha)

Suffering in Pali dukkha means urgent, uncomfortable, the heat ... Under kanji, "Width" means bitter - implied the suffering of sentient world contains many bitter acrid, stinging, feeling of insecurity. Buddha described the human suffering as a burn, collapse of the entire world: "The whole world on fire, the whole universe immersed in flames, the whole universe as bait for fire, the whole universe shaking "(Samyutta, tr.133).

Suffering is a true universality and present with many diverse forms. As most temperate Nguyen Gia Thieu took the suffering described as an earthly institution carries a full human life:

White teeth to early childhood Silver
Death, birth, business, specifically hurt a few times
- (Delivery plaintive song immersion, sentence 59-60)

In Buddhism, suffering in human life can sometimes be presented through eight events are: 1 Birth is suffering. Growing old is suffering 2. 3 Patients are suffering. 4 Dead is suffering. 5 forced to live with the unpleasant is suffering. 6 must be separated from loved ones is suffering. 7.'s desire without suffering. 8 The five aggregates are dukkha. This view is in the Buddha Dharma is extremely important, economic Zhuan Falun (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta), the first five disciples at Deer Park. In the business later, differentiated into three size categories is suffering pain, sufferings and of suffering. This view simpler and can help us find the cause of suffering.

- Suffering of suffering (dukkha dukkhata) means an uncomfortable sensation (unpleasant). For example, pain due to a damaged tooth is an unpleasant, cold weather without warm clothes run counter body is an unpleasant feeling, witnessing the death of a loved forever is a hard life, being provoke others to injure the honor and purple ears flushed away to a life of suffering ... In general, the sense of insecurity in the physical body and the mind-physiological state are unpleasant, The first kind of suffering.

- Infestation size (Vinarupamam dukkhata) which means that things are not the target size, but it will create suffering damage. For example: when I was young, our bodies are healthy, but old age, our body will breakdown, liver disease do not now but in time it will be weak, ill will, will lose the ability to digest cholesterol. Smile and radiant face today can disappear to give way to tears of sorrow tomorrow. Whenever there is born to perish. This simple idea led to the pessimistic outlook. So, what better way is now available also brought some of her childhood suffering.

In other words, the transformation from a state to another state, the change in the mechanism of damage-born center's physical and human insecurity brought, restless, not calm thinking and feelings are sufferings.

- Acts of suffering (Samskhara dukkhata): Action is the aggregation phenomena of causal conditions that the. In the Mahaparinirvana, there are two questions that the Buddha always emphasized the "gods of ephemeral, urban legal kill" means something predestined form, are born is impermanent, belong relative world, the world of arising and disappearing of samsara. Body and the world outside the five aggregates, life circumstances, the psychological state of the people as stated are born predestined to suffer the effects of impermanence. Impermanence, change, how it leads to suffering. So in practice, these phenomena are contained the seeds of pain and suffering called out.

Both the presentation of the suffering brought on classification are universal. In fact, whenever troubles appear then present suffering; and only if the line we do not mind being stalked by the shadow of unhappiness is when it is at peace. In the discussion of Buddhism refers to many kinds of afflictions. For example, in the 5 - 75 measures of speech sentence Xa (Abhidharma Kosa) by Vasubandhu wrote in the early fifth century TL, age 6 and 10 primary affliction afflictions; The only official study, subjects consciousness of Buddhist learning and develop, have developed into 6 main categories and 20 kinds of afflictions afflictions primary option. Of course, that's just the nature of symbolic numbers. There are many kinds of afflictions and depending on the frequency of their occurrence, but the degree of suffering will vary.

Therefore, impermanent phenomenon is not necessarily the cause of all suffering in life. The cause of suffering lies in the perception and attitude of positive or negative people. Awareness is clearly and evaluation of an event, and attitude and behavioral psychology of human initiative before the event. Things always change very often and we thought we would wish for permanent, forever. "The suffering of donkeys, camels carrying heavy, the suffering of those who have not propelled into leading continents called suffering. Dense unaware of reality, not knowing it's new direction is suffering" (Sa di the law, tr.103). Major misconceptions, for what is impermanent so often arise in suffering. But why suffering is a legal seal of Dharma?

In a time, but life at Ta La Forest in Kosambi (Kieu-bonus-di), Buddha taught the bhikkhu theory about why he declared four noble truths (Four Noble Truths): "Hey, teacher , Tathagata has taught him what? Tathagata has taught him the truth of suffering, cause of suffering, cessation of suffering and the path to the cessation of suffering. Why have taught him the truth That is because they are really useful and necessary to arrive at an ideal life, because we make him renounce all sensual pleasures, free from passion, ending all suffering, go to purity, enlightenment, nirvana "(Samyutta Nikaya V, tr.437).

Thus, suffering is a brief statement of the Four Noble Truths of the Three legal doctrine publications and should be considered a permanent problem in real life and in the Buddhist sense. We can only cure the sense that we are sick. Also, from suffering to become a reality only when Buddhists know and empirical sense of suffering inherent in life. When not realize the truth of life and foster the illusion happy life, was forced to clear the facile material life, we easily lose our practice purposes. Courage to look straight into suffering to solve, which is the fundamental perception. As lotus flowers are nourished by the mud, the ideal of liberation is nourished by the awareness that basis. The whole ideology, religion and school of Buddhism was derived from her perception. No one can confirm the Buddhist scriptures do not mention the suffering and the way out of suffering. Therefore, suffering is seen as a sign of the Dharma mold.

3) - French publications Tuesday: No-self (Anatma)

Selflessness is especially important doctrine in Buddhism. This doctrine is the continuous monitoring system evaluation interdependent principles - impermanence. Impermanence is the change in the non-self is heterogeneity. When something changes because of conditions that it is no longer homogeneous, so it selflessness, or substantially no separate entities. For example, say a table is impermanent because it is clear that it is changing, is gradually turned septic on the form; but said the goal is selfless, we must look with the look of dependent origination. In this vision, the goal is a set of causal conditions, the trees, the strength of the workers ... Many other ideologies also mentioned the notion of impermanence. For example, while standing on the waterfront overlooking the flowing waters, Confucius wrote: "The author as investment accordingly, any discharge of gastric residence?", Meaning "Fluency and again, day and night without ceasing, like This it? ". Heraclite impermanence also look over the river, but with another angle: "Step down the same river, often encounter the new water line. Souls also out of the wet areas" (according to Greek Philosophy - Roman , Ho Chi Minh City Institute of Social Sciences, 1994). Both Confucian and Western philosophy in general but have ideas of impermanence, but seems to have no idea of selflessness in the universe, everything. Therefore, we can say selfless teachings of the Buddha is a revolutionary doctrine was great. Even in the latter post at Deer Park, the Infinite fell Minister (Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta), the Buddha had taught the selflessness of the five aggregates of human body: "Hey, teacher, excellent (rùpa: physical, physical body ) is selflessness. teachers Hey, if the fall colors have such great suffering and no one can order "colors like this or be that way." But because there is no ego identity ( non-self), so this was great pain and suffering can not be the case (to order) "This identity must be like this or like that color" (Samyutta Nikaya III, tr.66).

The remaining aggregates: feeling (feeling), perception (perception), onions (tama states and attitudes of psychology), knowledge (awareness) is similar. All five aggregates constitute a false notion of a "self" or an ontological beings ng e ?? least, has not changed. From there it's easy being a psychological attachment, fascination, hugs, and conservatives cling to the things of the five aggregates (falling head). But, all that being or falling to always moving in relation origination process. The birth and annihilation of the body and even the nature of the aggregates as a result of the causal conditions and processes of birth-aging-disease-death, or being-in-shape changes, necrosis diet- destruction, the truth is always the convention for all people and all things, all things.

Once in Savatthi, the Buddha also taught the bhikkhu about selflessness of a small object like a piece of cow dung: "Hey teacher, until a small fall like this is not permanent, permanent, permanent, not subject to variations damage, permanent permanent, permanent. If there is a small fall like this, the teacher this is permanent, permanent ... permanent, the life of right feet well to cessation of suffering can not be present (Samyutta Nikaya III, the States, tr.259). lack of reflection, consider the behavior of the reality of things is selfless, things often the roads leading to the depressing, craving - proximate causes leading to suffering. selflessness French press not only determine the legitimacy of the legal district but also the distinct characteristics of their doctrines. reason range This is important, selfless approach is considered the third seal in the Three legal publications.

III. Three legal relationship between publication of the psychological mechanisms of practice:

The biggest concern for practitioners is how to find inner serenity in life. All methods of practice (the practice) of Buddhism have taken the practice orientation beyond the veil of ignorance, greed - the source of suffering. Ignorance and greed is the root of all thoughts and behavior mortgage disaster. Once our attitude was tinged attachment (conservative opinions and thoughts tied in somehow), while the presence of suffering. Two notions that people often tempted and forced evident that the "I" or ego and opinion, theory, theory ... In Buddhist thought, the grasping two objects are called the ego and legal compliance .

Ego is clinging to the idea that all living things in life can have a uniform nature or a "soul" forever. Meanwhile, the legal acceptance of the concept of conservatism, comments and said that they are always true in every case, with all the different people in different circumstances. For example, the business school of Vedanta Sutra Brahman, a mission school in India in Buddha's time, people were seen as belonging to an individual ego, and that ego fish by Brahma (Brahman: similar to the concept of God of some beliefs today) was born. From birth to the notion that humans are just a part of Brahma, though far from beginningless other form (that is, every person born has the face, different shape) but are arranged uniformly and in the system of reincarnation. Thus, the only purpose in life was just about time to go find a way out of samsara to liberate and return to the roots fused with his former Brahma.

The views and theories praised, promoted the notion neck "with a permanent invisible entity in each existing forever" seems so present in most religions the same time of the Buddha and also affect pretty bold in the spiritual life of humanity today. Thus, the background leading Buddhist Three methods based publications such revolutionary often creates anxiety as: "If people are always changing, impermanent, not real, then who create professional self, who retribution? ", or" If there is no self, then what rebirth in the animal? "... (In Members only epistemology - Ht Thich Thien Sieu translation and notes, tr.38 & 39). In the Year of the - Samyutta Nikaya III, the Buddha taught the method bhikkhu contemplation of the true nature of the aggregates themselves while practicing law on the basis of the Three publications as follows:

"Hey, the teacher, the teacher thought how great ... great ... life ... of ... knowledge ... is often impermanent
- Buddha, is impermanent.
- Something is very usually suffering or lost?
- Buddha, is suffering.
- What is impermanent, suffering, subject to the damage variable, consistent with the reasonable when he is: this is mine, this is mine, the This is my self?
- Buddha, no.
- So, this brothers and relatives in this group although in the past, present, future, or in the body or outside the body, gross or subtle, win or paralysis, more or less, must be consistent with district lifelike position as follows: "This one is not mine, this is not me, this is not my self."

's Teachings on complete sentences and generalized response for all question comes from the awareness of self defense and protection.

However, to understand impermanence, suffering and non-self in the spirit of the doctrine of dependent origination. In Buddhism, the teachings contained cover all other teachings, the teachings and life is all in the mind each. It is the spirit of the question: "Most legal measures necessary to enter, most necessarily enter the legal measures" and "Necessary create idealistic" in Flower Adornment Sutra (Book V, Tai Shan the problem pupil basis, tr.316 & 478). Thus, the reality of the phenomenal world, are also impermanent self when standing in terms of time for evaluation. And the real pain is not on the level of the phenomenon of birth and death, a damaged man and the world, that depends very much on people's perception of impermanence - the selflessness of all things, all things .

C. Conclusion

Proper awareness or of right to work birth-center-of physics itself is a clear vision of three French publications impermanence - suffering - selflessness of the five aggregates. As long as every thinking man also forced to clear in the idea of eternal resident of ego and accept legal mistake, while Tam legal publications and values ​​still exist between the realms of life. Buddhists, Tam legal publications are three keys to open the door to go to the rescue, are three methods of mindfulness to transform itself. And impermanence, suffering and non-self as well as presenting signs of mold, medical principles to correct themselves, re-evaluation of all theory, of speech, the practice of Buddhism. /.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGHTFOLD PATH.NAM MO SAKYA MUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.18/8/2014.