The process of forming the Chinese Tripitaka.

 

 

 

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Chinese Tripitaka is a set of learning of the Buddhist scriptures, but covers many areas such as: philosophy, history, language, literature, art, history, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and ... This is a crystallization of Chinese culture and foreign culture has influence for the development of world culture. Tripitaka is an integral data if we now want to study about the culture in the world.

Chinese Tripitaka, at first called "Them Doing", "Best Investment", later known as the "Organ", "Horror Organ" or "greater Tibet", referred to as the "Organ". Noun Tripitaka officially appeared on the northern and southern ends or the first Option (581). Chinese Tripitaka consists of two major parts-the law-Buddhist Treatise was translated into classical Chinese and Chinese by Tru. Raw language translations are complex, including the classics in translation from Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan language, culture, the languages spoken throughout the region of Central Asia. About very rich content, the Tripitaka, Mahayana over and Suite. The compose art are all Tru work of China, extensive content including the Economic interpretation of law coming into Office, Use the Strip, the type of comment Tru, releases, articles ... This is valuable data to the study of Chinese Buddhism to the history, philosophy, culture, society.

The Tripitaka, due to three basic elements constituting:

1. standard of choice, i.e. selection of books according to the criteria for inclusion.

2. the structural systems, i.e. using the form to organize an organic way the types of books to become a tailor.

3. external standards, i.e. Select the Protocol to reflect possible structural system Tripitaka at your convenience. As a result, the reader can consult, manage easily the Tripitaka.

Use the views mentioned above Chinese Tripitaka survey, can develop Chinese Tripitaka spent long time near a thousand years from inception Through Han (65-220) to the end of his life, the great (895-954) new forming and finishing.

On the form, the Chinese Tripitaka underwent two major stages are described (manuscripts) and engraving, where the history of the Chinese Tripitaka is closely related with the period of its Edition.

History of the Chinese Tripitaka (also during its Edition) can be divided into four periods:

1. period of the embryo

This period starts from the time the new Buddhism on Chinese TV (67 years) to the life of Eastern Jin, he likes the Direction An (312-385) composed Of Justice They Investment Index.

The view from the master, in the form of consciousness, this period Buddhism was viewed with the arts, later becoming a Department mysticism, not sufficient to form a doctrine of independence.

Han Buddhist scriptures translating at the time also in the chaotic period. The number of books, Buddha translated well quite a lot, but in General, still in a State of having seizures would doing, having full full pandemic, lacking the room shortage, this is seen in the Physical Experience Of Our Contents. contemporary Chinese who do not know or have not felt to the computer needs to use the MahayanaThe minor to categorize Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist tradition in the local time is the term given in each area, there appears a set of Organs economy bring exemplary standard for the nation. This situation can happen also by an Eastern Jin period 16 politics in China isolated agreed to the level of development of Buddhism.

The remarkable thing, in China, he Directed An is first raised the issue of "experience Wei", shows that he has contact with the issue of "standard option", is a basic element of the formation of the Tripitaka.

2. the period form

This period starts from when he crowned pigeon Ma La China (344-413) in China to The Calendar Editor at Tuition-room three jewels (597).

He Collected Chinese Ma La External infusion to learn Chinese A Life of a successful Long system, open the eyes of the Chinese Buddhist monks a new world, making them understand rightly be Indian Buddhism. Chinese Buddhism began to self conscious on the way of independent development. From there, also began the rubbing and conflict of ideology, of the Chinese traditional culture.

From discernment for Buddhism, Hui Quan he (Sami him La) proposed the theory of "Five Catholic justices forecast" (1). From then on, the theory of the justices of the Catholic flock, the aim is to bring about the thought of the Buddhist sects in India passed into Chinese control into a correction be mutual tolerance organic, convenient for spreading Buddhism in China. The judge spear has the capacity to promote the development and penetration of Chinese Buddhism, and the presence of the mission period (386-581) has a great relationship with the formation of the Sui period Buddhism (681-618), Tang (618-907). So the judge Spear is a major event on the history of Buddhism in China, while also ruling theory is closely related to the issue of the texture generation, basic elements of the Chinese Tripitaka.

Early works use Catholic justices thought to control Buddhist Scriptures is that they Separate Business. this Book absorbs thought "Five Catholic justices forecast" of Hue, set the item assigned to Tam Tam Information, Teachers Admit Admit The Mahayana, the U.s. Trade Surplus, The U.s. Admit Any Justices, do first step useful for the recommended type of possible structural system would control the Buddhist classics. Later on, there are many types of business records and carried a title index of Trading Them many different authors compiled as: Li Guo (compose, 511), Chorus (18), France (495-580), France (born As 581-617) reflect the efforts of monks increased China keeps on conducting control, managing differences, an article, structural organization Tripitaka from different media. From this effort, shows the overall development level of China's Buddhism over Christianity's influence, inside, the form of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures in India until the influence of traditional academic Index of the Chinese. The main effort of perseverance from lifetime to lifetime makes Chinese Tripitaka ended up to be formed.

In this period is also a key factor to further promote the process of forming the Tripitaka, which is the influence of "three jewels". Traditional Buddhist thought three jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Increase) are all there and make enough Buddhist, so the three jewels became cult objects of Buddhists. Buddhist scriptures are expressed by France and, of course, also be cult. Buddhist beliefs mass retrieved the Confessor, created the Germany do, copy, read, donation Buddhist scriptures as well as the content of the daily religious activities. In the Scriptures does not at least have the merit citation content achieved by copying, reading, donation is significantly classical works with cult of Buddhist Scriptures with the masses. Wei Jing "high United Avalokiteśvara Sutra", Dunhuang Buddha Business List message "di" are documents proving the classic cult activities. A social movement of course has a major influence on the social phenomenon that almost as a rule. Therefore, the three jewels movement circulated of course prompted the Chinese Tripitaka.

One other important reason taken to the Chinese Tripitaka is traditional Chinese culture seriously both loads of each. All current importance to the cultural inheritance and control books of the time, that the formation of the Chinese Tripitaka is reflected the sense of ethnic culture; This is in contrast with the Indian Buddhism. The ideal Indian peoples have Wang Transferred the Holy Crown, but unprecedented in Indian country once unity, religious ideas of India but on theoretical arguments had signed The Written Tibetan, Tibetan Bodhisattva, but in fact there appears a total vocabulary books standard feature is the Tripitaka, which is the only classic of every sectarian order transmitted to each other.

This period ends landmark is the work Schedule The three jewels (Tuition Check compose into the Subject). The title of this book, that the work has suffered directly as "three jewels". There are people who criticize this work does not fit with business rules, even considering the social context to the history when compiling this work. This is the first work of the Enlightenment "enter the continental organ", so regardless of the fact or reasoning, in the meantime Chinese Tripitaka evident has been formed, and the noun Tripitaka appeared on life As totally not random.

3. the possible structural system

This period starts from The Calendar after the three jewels (597) to Kaiyuan Like education (730) Decorated by him Promoted.

This time the monks increase the editorial succession, from the original degrees, he sought to set the texture generation Tripitaka. But the most prominent is Kaiyuan Lu, he Promoted Intellectual way can structural system for Buddhist civilization of ancient China.

According to the continuous development of the Tripitaka, do require collection of the pho, so the issue of "Foreign Affairs powder" given the debate. The previous period has been the method "dannh", this period turned into a method of "your" order. These methods, along with "how the reserves remain" combined together into the primary method to manage Tripitaka of the period.

During this period, Chinese monks into Chinese classics research room and thought, Buddhist studies compiled much of the work as the basis for the Chinese Buddhist sects. In addition, some major appearance of works like the series, gate, index, negative sense, stars and the works reflect the average Buddhist beliefs. The Tru work of this compiled by China, many of which are brought into the Tripitaka, but much of it was the rising economic editor Luc Tripitaka remove out, even for them disappeared. This period Chinese Tripitaka, mostly take the books in translation. Therefore, if said in the two previous stages, the level of development of the Chinese Tripitaka on par with the level of development of Buddhism in China, the start of this stage, the Orthodox Chinese Tripitaka (main Organ) tend to sclerosis, not really reflect the development of Buddhism in China. To complement the shortcomings, this period has a "Tibetan" professional set of Tru work of Chinese Buddhism, as the editorial Itself Risshū Bhikkhu Ni.

4. the period of unification of culture

This period starts from the Kaiyuan (730) to the life of the great (895-954).

The history of Chinese Buddhism during this period had a great event as "The Bone wastes, Buddha" (846-847). Take "The Bone wastes, Buddha" as the hinges, before then can be divided into two phases. Before "The Bone wastes of Buddha", basically, the Tripitaka developed in a State of Major stabilization of scale, Organs and Organ are constantly expanding. Viewed from the overall morphology of the Chinese Tripitaka in this period were the disagreements about divisions, monasteries, sects which have variation and inconsistency. In addition, also due to the growth of sects which have variation and inconsistency. In addition, also due to the development of a highly sectarian as Tibetan, Tibetan Meditation Bhikkhu: Ni, Tiantai Teachings ...

"The Bone wastes of Buddha", Buddhism was already pounded, the Scriptures of most of the districts in the country were destroyed. After the waves "of discarded Buddhist" pass go, Buddhism gradually recover, the monasteries themselves. On the objective, this makes the Tripitaka in places in the country gradually tend to agree.

In terms of the "Foreign Ministry", this time sequentially appear kind of "Maximum order literature" handed in Dunhuang, and the "natural" order literature itself. Due to the advantages of the method of "natural order" order literature that it is intended to replace the previous criteria method "Tripitaka unification with the country that widely circulated. From "Khai Told Organ" on, the Chinese Tripitaka engraving methods criteria.

From the North the following inscription, the Chinese Tripitaka: Bao, Khitans, Tibetan, Tibetan Security Bhikkhu Worshippers Plot turn. The advantage of the Tripitaka carved a description of alternative a and become a major circulation. From here, the Tripitaka kanji also entered a new historical stage.

History of Chinese Tripitaka is a critical component to the Chinese Buddhist history Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and southern, Thoroughly Customized, the road, the great. Each period in the Tripitaka Buddhist development stages in China. So, want to learn about Buddhism in China, can not ignore historical research form the Chinese Tripitaka. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.15/6/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).