Buddhist ethics and environmental issues.

The human world has faced natural disasters caused by flooding:, earthquakes, volcanoes, the living God ... is the problem people are often given over in its history. And today, the cries of the carpet of this are rising up because of because of the participation of the main negative factors for humans. Besides the usual natural disasters, atmospheric contamination, groundwater depletion, soil erosion, desertification, climate change and ecosystem loss is the other horrors that mankind is facing. The catastrophe that is taking place all over the place, everybody knows also found, but because of demand and economic development, increasing human nature being treated badly, despite the risk of tearing up greater that they will suffer.

From the 1980s, when environmental issues are warned is increasingly becoming worse, many individuals and organizations everywhere had appealed, seeking and giving a solution to prevent the employment of additional harm to the environment.

To the Buddhists, many individuals and organizations have also had the voice and offer positive solutions to this problem. These articles and lectures by famous figures of Buddhism as he Dalai Lama, Nhat Hanh H.T., Bhikkhu Bodhi-Strictly Stock Division, pretentious ... involving environmental issues have appeared in the media; and the environmental movement, led by the monks and nuns, Buddhists initiated has also been very active in the recent decade in Srilanka, Thailand, Taiwan, and Japan.

Are the individuals and organizations in the Buddhist, the solution for the protection of the environment are given based on the philosophy and ethics of Buddhism from different Buddhist traditions. The Catechism as pratītyasamutpāda, causation, consciousness, and even Meditative thought has been developed to apply to this issue.

But despite standing in background doctrine and what was the solution, then the General look of the natural environmental Buddhism is "none", viewed with human natural environment-including sea, River and mountain forests until the vegetation-is not all from each other; all mutual and mixed in a ratio of universal causation. "Against The Sun" in the United States, a Buddhist term for a correlation of the phenomenon in the universe, now it's value beyond the scope of this abstract philosophy to practical application rather than on social issues. The doctrine of regeneration and the newspaper not only in scope to explain the presence of humans, the disagreement between individuals, but its moral aspects are more than ever before to people more aware of their responsibility for humanity and the environment.

Buddhism is the religion with the philosophy that the applications on environmental issues is remarkable significance when compared to the other religions. The spirit of respect for life, love nature, promote equality between living species is the value of Buddhism received the environmental protection issue nowadays. When the religious spirit watching other living species as the rewards bestowed by God to serve humans, leading to a "duality" that it is necessary to divide people and other living species as two parts, the Buddhist view of human beings and the environment is seen as a religion of "friendly" attitude towards the environment. It is not a subjective view of the Buddhists, which is shared by many, including the Western historian Christian (Damien Keown, 2005, p. 39).

However, although Buddhism has "virtually none" between people with different species and habitats, and the ethical values in relation to this issue is found in a variety of Scriptures, some environmentalist did not argue that the field of ethics study of Buddhism can be applied to solving environmental problems so farbecause Buddhism always advocated a kind of moral "line", focusing on the rescue of personal suffering. And in view of the environmental Buddhism is often paired with ghán's novel, see the protection of nature is just to serve the people, which are not common to other species (Damien Keown, p. 40).

See Buddhist ethics is a moral category "quit line" is not wrong, but that moral education is not related to the protection of the environment is not reasonable. In General, Buddhism was always attach great importance to the work of individual consciousness, viewed it as crucial in achieving liberation, enlightenment. But see the work of mind there is no impact on the social life of things completely wrong. Society and the environment, from the point of view of Buddhism, none other than the expansion of human consciousness and the community; a combination of know-how and professional community. According to the consciousness that nothing other than the reflection of the mind.

In Buddhism, could not see ethics as a field separate from other fields such as philosophy and psychology. Ethics in Buddhism are not only seen from the root of good and bad based on behavior, but it also has to be analyzed through the Italian mentality. communication of Buddhist ethics for such environmental problems is not only the solution to stopping the external behavior, which is the transformation of human consciousness and thought, so that people have a more friendly attitude towards the natural environment.

When it comes to the issue of environmental ethics usually has three issues of concern were raised: first of all morality is a matter of universal, a common problem for all kinds of people, it is not limited to the area and geographic region; Second, morality is not just limited to the present life but also to future generations; and third, the ethics of human boundary pass, which must take into account these species do not belong to humans such as animals, plants and ecosystems (Padmasiri de Silva, 1998, p. 15).

Referring to the universal ethic, break out the geography of is so that everyone has a general responsibility for environmental issues. To the development of industry is responsible for the global nống warming and the climate change that they are the owner has caused in the past (and present). And poor countries-because of the wish to strive for by developed countries, also push the extraction of resources, and the amount of carbon emissions-nic to the heavens by so lean that they should have the same rights as the rich countries did previously – the need to adhere to the guidelines on the protection of the environment in economic activities for the common good of the entire globe. Computer ethics to future generations, to avoid exploitation of resources on a bluff, the exhausted and future generations are no longer something to "dig", and also to minimize the harm that posterity have to suffer because of the current generation. And ethics must take into account animals, trees, namely to balance the ecosystem and respects the life of every species.

When referring to Buddhist ethics for environmental issues is referring to the Buddhist vision for what's not in the human world as the forest, animals, ecosystems, nature; and Buddhist perspectives for economic development is like. And there are two principles of Buddhist ethics are set out here in relation to this problem is the compassion and avoid harming (ahimsa). But before going on to discuss Buddhist ethics to the environment, we need to know that the environmental problem is a problem of today, rather than a problem arises from the time of the Buddha. No Buddha related directly to the issue. So here we are only able to consider the implications of the Buddha Dhamma for the natural environment, and the Buddhist practice for what's not in the human world is like.

First and foremost is the Buddhist attitude towards the forest. From the Buddhist point of newly formed, the forest was a very close place to practice life of the Bhikkhu-hamstring muscles. Despite these monasteries were established and the community life of the clergy of the monasteries which were common, then there are also the unique lifestyle options increased occupancy of meditation in the Woods; and the forest is seen as a place where "AI" should be respected and protected. As for the Flag, the pretentious-the law is in place, it is recommended that they should not do harm to plants, and the trashing of water resources. In some texts, but the old tree is considered the home of the gods (namely in the Jakata). And the Flag-happy living by pretentious do no harm are advised to avoid the harm of other creatures, whether tangible or intangible.

The rainy season is settling of the monks than to spend a certain amount of time to develop the spiritual life, also including the purpose does not cause harm to the other creatures during germination, grow grow. Of breaking the Sagging local Interest Bodhisattva exhorting that the Buddhists were not launched the fire burned down the mountain forests. And in the past, the Buddhist King Asoka has to take this into his policies, which prohibit the burning of a forest. Because of the burning of the forest were considered harmful to many, resulting in compromise blessed ourselves and the community. God love the attitude of Buddhism is also expressed through the choice of the place to build the temple. At the time of the Buddha, the spiritual centre (such as States and Lisa) are located in the forest, or woodland garden. And this tradition is inherited when Buddhism was spread to the other country.

Today, Buddhist monks in Srilanka and Thailand, people living in the forest, in addition to performing a way and method of practice is transmitted from ancient Buddhist tradition, they are the ones who protect forests effectively. Their contributions in preventing accidental arson of forests is recognized and appreciated in these countries.

Respect for life is a very respected in Buddhism. All observed birth and harming animals is one of the basic precepts for Buddhists. The respect for life not only because of the compassion, because belief in reincarnation and karma, but also because of the sense that everyone has the equal right to life both species and Habitat for all species on this earth, not specific to humans (David j. Kalupahana, 2008, pp. 137-42). Buddhist attitudes towards other species live so form an ethical perspective of conduct with regard to the non-human species: human beings need to give his view point of all other species; need to see themselves and the others as the "about" section of each other (Peter Harvey, p. 185).

Let's read a paragraph out of Compassion to understand the ethical perspective of Buddhism for every species of life, "for all the species of living things on earth are live!!!, the species, the species, the species is high, the low, the highest, the small species, the species can be seenthe species is not visible, the species is near, the distant species, the species was born and the IUCN. Pray for no species would kill any species, don't anybody lightly who's life, do not be one because of instigation or malevolence that longed for one was suffering and woe to the cabin. As a mother who brought her network trunk cover for single children, let's bring the compassion that treat all species. " (your Compassion by h.t. Nhat Hanh).

In Buddhism, mental attitude and ethics has lost contact with each other. In other words, ethical behavior is needed where medical mind full of compassion and tranquility. Does not harm the species lived is a moral behaviour, but that must be derived from Xu. And when the mind of compassion for all species was developed to a high level, ethics are shown to be effective in a natural way. It can convert and the species of animals. This is evidenced by the Buddha acquired the elephant say Nalagiri, as in the case of elephants and monkeys give food, cosy up to him. In which to tell a story that had a Flag-dead snakes bite being pretentious; and when the Buddha has taught that if a Bhikkhu-pretentious attitude went from to the poisonous snakes, he's already being bitten to death. This is not a legend when now the rising live in forests in Thailand, Burma and Srilanka is also able to convert animals, even with the ferocious beasts such as Tigers (Peter Harvey, 2000, p. 171).

Spelling out the economic growth at all costs is one of the causes of current habitat degradation. Because the amount and level of consumption as a measure for the worth of a life, so from the individual to the community people to push economic development and push for consumption, turning the Earth into a factory and a huge market. The attitude of the nationalist the removal from the time of the Buddha, is the extensive application of modern man in life. But their enjoyment of life advocates the destruction section then don't violate ethical issues by way of life that doesn't harm others, abusive lifestyle enjoyment is today a matter of ethics, because excessive consumption problem associated to the harm the environment, damaging the lives spared people and other species.

Buddhism always advocated a simple lifestyle, saving. Economic development must simultaneously with the development of ethics, develops the mind and develop an awareness of our people and the world. Buddhism does not deny the economic development by the fragile financial deprivation brought people to violate the ethical issues and social ruin the band. But the wealth is built on an unethical life brought to society resulting from the tape in a different way. Buddhist economics is so geared to the need, balance, simplicity and do no harm (e. f. Schumacher, 1973, p. 52).

The issue of respect and protection of the forest, fighting animals, and to reduce the human position in the Center so that all can share the same benefits that the natural place of the globe are devising sometimes considered it humorous when people increasingly seem more fun enjoying bird meat, and greed get rich from the exploitation and destruction of natural resource injuries limited capital being made an irresponsible way.

According to Buddhism, human beings are just a species in the organic community diversity of the species of the world a place where friendships ownership condition, although still have the pleasure and happiness, then the world's still containing much suffering, not only for humans but to all species. Man is the most progressive animal but man primary that is has caused much suffering and disaster for others. The respect and treat every species, with nature like dealing with people is something very difficult to do when the gas "spreading human rights" remains deeply in every individual. View all peers alike sometimes become far-fetched and unrealistic; Ethics for animals and plants must be considered huyễn or where the people still love to be miserable. But if that is not practical efforts and does not have the proper attitude, the one for the attitude and the destruction of other species are also being destroyed himself.

The moral voice of a religion may not be the leader who has the responsibility to listen, but can unshakable part of the consciousness of the adherents of that religion. A religious solution to a social problem may not be paying attention to, but educating the faithful to live ethically is the responsibility of the religious leaders. Started off from changing the perception of every individual, starting from the minimal travel, golf, si, society will gradually shift toward better when each individual's consciousness change toward more positive. According to the Buddhist view, will never have a good social time in that the existence of the physical parameter contains too many fish, golf, si – the root of any good there are tremendous social dimension (Padmasiri de Silva, 2005, p. 4)

As has been said, when the rigging settlement between people together is still not good, as the shot killed the bird, the u.s. junk branches cracking takes place openly and become many people's habits are required to live ethically with the forest, with species of mammal is does not easily done. However, the search for a solution to a problem are alerted is essential, and although the range just stopped on the way language is also necessary to set out. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.29/10/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).