World on the foundation of Buddhism, was one of three subjects "pirated", which aims to end the pirated or (pali: asava), leading to liberation, i.e. World (sila), the Format (samadhi) and Hue (pañña). As Buddhists mean voluntary according rules (ti-sarana), Five world (pañca-sila), i.e. the title Princess Jewels (ti-ratana) and five world basics of Buddhism.
On the theory About keeping an important position that a third of the tripiṭaka Classics (ti-pitaka) is dedicated to the World of law. That is the Vinaya (vinaya-pitaka), standing next to Tibet (sutta-pitaka) Experience and Expression (abidhamma-pitaka).
On the practice, also played a key role in life Increases. Someone who wants to export his monk, first to the life world Sa-di (samanera) or Sa-di ni (samaneri), then after a while new worlds (upasampada) sufficiency tool life, voluntarily comply with the obligation to become a Bhikkhu-World without pretentious (bhikkhu) or nun (bhikkhuni) Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
Although so important but Precepts very rarely mentioned or the herds in the sermon on the doctrine, apart from increasing.
The reason is probably the Precepts are considered a study unprofitable, boring, doesn't attract the masses such as lectures on Business or to France. Moreover, for the majority of Buddhists, Precepts belong to separate areas of the convent, with hundreds of world law must be reviewed regularly, while the resident officer only 5 Basic world is enough. , Know more what to do, when that Law is often regarded as the World religion thing fixed long table to because, as well as the words of a Chief God, "them as such and always will be so" ...
To contribute to the understanding of World Law, we would like to rely on some of the basic documents, especially of HT Super Friendly (§ 1), HT Position (§ 4), and DR. Nhat Hanh (§ 8), to try to answer the following question undertaken:
1-What is the law? Gender and Law are different how?
2-World classified?
3-the ceremonies related to world?
4-why the Buddha to create world, and his limitations in any circumstances?
5-Vinaya was compiled, and consist of the books?
6-breaking world, sinful light? How to resolve?
7-about what role in the practice of personal?
8-world has benefits in social life, community?
9-Why have many precepts concerning sex and male-female relationships like that?
10-World law needs to change or not?
11-currently has suggested changing the Precepts?
What is 1), the law Limits? Gender and Law are different how?
Gender and the law is often considered the same, and sometimes are referred to as precepts. But considering the digital out and the law also has different sections.
World (sila, transliteration: Enforcement-la) means the General moral (éthique, ethics), and are permitted to rule (préceptes, moral rules), set out for the Buddhists appeared and spread were the life world.
Law (Citadel-complaint-vinaya) mean discipline (discipline), including the, the method determines life (sangha), and the Increase was recorded in the Vinaya.
According to HT, Super Friendly, if compared with the medication, then the World as well as medicine and law, as well as result in pharmaceutical, drugs. Such as if the world is salicylique, then the Law is acide Aspirine. "World's commandments, the law is the method of practice commandments" (§ 1).
As such, the World means more broadly, as well as the General principles of law, while practical nature, go into more detail. Therefore, people familiar "World" or "banned" for all Buddhists, and taking the word "Precepts" for those who publish his austerities.
2) World is classified?
Had many ways of sorting (§ 1):
a/"gender", "liberation" and "Republic To the world".
"Liberation" (patimokkha, transliteration: Ba-la-theme-rustic-massage, from pati = towards, mokkha = freed), is the world lies in the Vinaya, applied to the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni, from the time of Buddha so far. These are known as such because of the life world does the benefit of that world, liberation, as well as under the law on causation, sow staff does is result.
But there are two types of Bhikkhu-without pretentious doesn't need the life world:
Hybrid-"good", is the Citadel-without pretentious homes friendly apartments come with the Buddha when he is not interested in his inventions, steep, so "tu tu set AutoPlay" (beard hair natural hair), "legal sufficiency" of medical instruments (Austrian coffee sa automatically stick to themselves), became the Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
-"Break the established usage without pretentious", is the Citadel – who doesn't need to prove that life austerities ("Imperial Citadel-arch without pretentious"), except all negativity was established.
It is the "world" and "Republic", pointing To the monastery under the French intellectual, Foursome, anatta, impermanence, etc (the world), or meditation (To the world), which reached about infinity pirated, France with net bar, although not tu world that Satori.
b/the "gap" and "world" (or "Bodhisattva")
-"Gap" is the world's leading exporting countries and populations, and each row must at some certain limits:
* There are 5 common to all Buddhists (pañca-sila):
who killed Networking 1) not (pinyin real observation)
2) do not lie (hv any hoped language)
3) not theft (hv any DAO)
4) not (hv any pornography)
5) not drunk.
* limited to the Sa-10 and Sa-di di (dasa-sila) ni. In addition to the above is:
12 g 6) do not eat after noon
7) not playing or listening to music, skips dance
8) is not scented anointing, makeup, wear jewellery
9) is not high, luxurious bed
10) does not receive the money, gold and silver.
* 227 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious, 311 for for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, traditionally Primitives; 250 world for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, 348 for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, according to tradition.
-"World" (or "Bodhisattva"), is the world one tho also. Spread or increase, old, healthy body, illness or disability, can tho world (while being too young, too old or illness or disability, not life expectancy "gap", i.e. export) as long as the Legal understanding and Bodhicitta. " Information about "nature more equal and is not restricted by the Prime Minister.
c/"Tanh" and "Old World"
-"Tanh" in moral nature (morale naturelle) and popular. For example, murder, lie, steal were considered offences, in any meeting or social. Increase or continue, it is guilty. However when on, then calling the offense, but the increase is the world.
-"Old World" is about to bring two meanings: 1) to the basic problems of the time, the divorce decree of reprobation, lifetime (such as increase in ni wasn't dressed cave openings, scandal, to people cooking jokes, to dress up and have decent manners); 2) to prevent the restricted scope (such as not drinking alcohol, so don't cause crime outweighed).
3) have any ritual related to the world?
a/for the Increased Ni:
Someone who wants to export his then after a time as Sa-di approximately 2-3 years, under the suggestion and direction of a master, be specific about life (* 1) in a world forum, before Falling to them (* 2), with three lawyers failed to prove (three mentor, seven witnesses). Teachers Established-ma (kamma) (* 3) then up, asked three times: "today is that the name is X, please follow venerable sufficiency tool named Y, tho. If anyone's willing to raise them her life world, silent, who displease the speak up ". After asking such questions, three times, then the new world and became a Bhikkhu-life without pretentious, called "Platinum Quartet was established-ma Bhikkhu-without pretentious" (* 4). That person must be maintained throughout his life, and each time it's run, it must be charged and confessions by penitence, before some Bhikkhu-without pretentious or alone, depending on the crime of light.
The culture, the 1 St day and Increases each party group meeting each other and Ni to do ceremony, listening and recalling the precepts which, i.e. Three-la-theme-rustic-massage or "moksha".
Free Quartet (pavarana) ceremony is usually held on the last day of the 3 month settling established infrastructure (* 5). On that day, people themselves ask someone else raised the sins he had committed in front of the other, to his Citadel-without pretentious penitence for the net, also known as "arbitrary". The only previous error "for hearing", i.e. prior notice for people to know that he would say their place before Falling to them.
b/for the resident artists:
In the temple are often held feasts "Shou", on the Bowl's son mồng 1, 8, 15, 21 (full moon) lunar calendar, called on Father Slaps (uposatha). " Fasting means "son (jẻne, fasting). In the days of "brother", the singer (male, upasaka, favor-she-; female, upasika, favor-she-di), voluntarily obey 8 (atthanga-sila) in 10 world Sa-di and Sa-7 and 8 Mobile ni: world up as a (not playing or listening to music, dancing, no skips, makeup, wearing the anointing Jasmine jewels), and 9 become world 8 (not high bedluxurious).
4) why the Buddha to create world? And his limitations in any circumstances?
Traditionally, the first in 12 years, the Buddha yet regime out world, because not having what trouble happens in-tank Corps, can cause obstruction to the practice of increasing ni.
But on the 13th year, have triggered chuyện Na-theme-quantum horrified with his ex-wife, so He started the construction world. Every one in the world, he said 10 benefits ("CU") of the world that: "because of the whole event of Increase elderly, 's Chief Justice of the peace, raise them, the growth of the trust, the existing paragraph and destroy negativity in the future ... "
For such, every time an incident happens, he added a world dictatorship, and gradually increased each day a number of world, the majority of the world lightweight and a few are world heavy.
Let's review in the context of heavy world 4 first place (§ 1). But that's just the legend recounted in, hardly verifiable, but they are also equally fun.
a World first: any explicit)
Na-topics-suicide is a disciple of the Buddha appeared, came from a wealthy family. That year was drought crop, the status of hunger, increase them to disperse to the region around khất real. Accidental death-, Na-, on the House passing home khất real. The mother of the child to him, weeping, conjure he stayed, don't export country anymore. He insists on refusing. Finally, his mother left to conjure her nephews to smoke flavor and family ancestry. Because the mother brand, so Na-theme-quantum approved AI yin a moment with former wife, then abandon them without pretentious Bhikkhu-out about with. Idea is stories have done, but since then Norway-theme-death repentance, remorse, eat sleep not yen, body tiều pancreas. Thereupon, the Bhikkhu-without pretentious other asked why, Na-theme-quantum storytelling that for them or. They bring the story up white instant rebuke him, Buddha and create from that world is real, i.e. goods not yet had intercourse, even with his former spouse. For habitation, shall not be adultery, i.e. having illegal sexual intercourse.
b) second: Real World leader
Bhikkhu-without pretentious Forums-ni-ca is the home Barista ceramics, do a painting hut on the mountain to collect firewood in the absence should go see the hut away, taking up about cook stoves wood. When to see the hut was gone, he built up a hut bèn by terracotta, solidly colored red glare. Buddhism sees such protection should he break away, he should wrong the category except the Buddha Bhikkhu-without pretentious other demolished hut. He successively went to the forests of Average-să (Bimsara) and told the Rangers that: "the King has promised for sa-I used to make Coke tu", and then the tree trees leaf Warsaw axe spike discharge awake. Important Court passing found so ask the Ranger, and questioned Dan-ni-ca on the tree the tree one of the King without permission. The story of this trouble to the ear, so he devised was "real data from paediatric procedure" (people don't give do not take), or is real (not đượctrộm theft).
c) third world: real observation
Brewers have some Bhikkhu-Garden on the river without pretentious in She-lambs, tu as impurity to end do restaurant craving. When one sees his body nhớp the stigma, foul hám unbearable, filled with feces, bacteria and more boring than back at nhúc, so the new seek destroy themselves. They ask, "If anyone help we freed from this shall be great blessings lifetimes". A Bhikkhu-Of-force-old without pretentious name-nan-new subjects proposed, is sa, sounded so sailings out pierced the guillotine, as retract as engrossed, to kill themselves is how much the subject of help were freed. After the season, settling on the Citadel-common security without pretentious, but that year the Buddha saw him star that about sparse too. He dispatched the Bhikkhu-without pretentious listens, then go to the place to hear world opening up are some rumors said priests do not know how that kills each other lying LIEH, unbearable smelly. The Buddhist Bhikkhu-without pretentious about transparency, then the Buddha said: "the French Government Is waking up, which they released French flaps". From there, he devised real world observation (not killed), and up the disciples rather consistent defilement by consistent crashing out the window, so don't be bored that ruin the body.
d) World Wednesday: real hope language
That year was drought crop, food, not how much. In a rural area, it has a group of Bhikkhu-without pretentious confer together and figure out a way to be nasty to late hĩnh. One who has demonstrated A-la-Han, gaining many unseen super sub caste, and the other person is right, if such graphics, cosy for the German position is then will be immeasurable. World race each other seemingly nasty, and the group eating the residue. After settling, the season without pretentious about most of the Buddhist Bhikkhu-nấy are chalky, other niches, it is the only group in the hamlet of pinky fat well. The Buddha asks: "The Citadel-without pretentious khất real?". They replied: "well, dear World Religion" Easy. "For! Several other stars is difficult without pretentious Bhikkhu-says that body! very "Secret too, they really are right animal has to lie and deceive the owners. Buddha reprimand them and limit any expectation term (no lie).
So, for every organic resources, i.e. when there happens a what trouble, cause disturbance in life Increases, then writes out a world dictatorship. There are many very fancy, such as:
1-one day, a visitor up to visit a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, not knocking on the door before pushing the door that goes on. Unfortunately had a snake on the SOAP, he fell as he too hoot réo um sùm crisis, turmoil everyone. The story is the white Buddha, Buddha laid out onto the adjoining law before entering the room, others have to ask for permission.
2-A Bhikkhu-without pretentious, for tattoo goes on the people, suddenly saw a woman accomplice could be lying on the bed. He first ran out, plug the crisis too, unfortunately crash to husbands are home. He married his wife and accomplice fled, suspects lion are born, to the Citadel-a root without pretentious. The Buddha from then on devising world go where they must know the khất do know, not always spot on, and to go from two people.
3-also a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, to meet a woman. She lả reply to this charge, found the young handsome, want to be captivated by. She said that if she would not bear to tear the self quào. The Bhikkhu-terrible too, area fled without pretentious. Unfortunately also met her husband's home. He married wife face eyebrow rướm blood, to rabbit card: "this illegal, to make the story should not bear children in the face he quào em". Looking back, seeing Bhikkhu-without pretentious, so he has long fingernails husband no longer suspicious, hitting for a root position Bhikkhu-without pretentious. The Buddha knew this talk, instant processing limit not to long fingernails.
4-the world order is also more fun: such as when sitting in them, not behind hắng to increase; go toilet, do not breathe powerful too ...
5-And the world is not important, but it can cause these problems, disturbance in life increases. Such as the following story narrated in the Bible, in Kosambi (§ 1).
That day, a Theravada shaman (wake up) go shower, bath complete the forgotten legacy bowls pour water. The Theravada lawyer (specializing in teaching Law) bath later, see instant accountability: "so why not pour water master bath complete the excess away? So is guilty of Punching-established-la ". Theravada shaman replied: "well, I was unintentionally, please honestly penitence". Story idea done, but Theravada lawyer again recounted with his disciples, and so rumor is all up, disciple of Theravada shaman sailings tips back to his master. He also felt uncomfortable, he himself was sorry that he's lawyer also made this difficult, it is the fan. Then again, tịnh xá lyrics over, divided into two factions name-calling fiercely. Buddha goes away about seeing bèn taking advice, but not who is who, they also say: "The Sun for fear his, we worry whether our children". Dissuade the Buddha vows not to be custard hug, up the mountain to resort. In it, there's an elephant and a monkey, elephant and monkey man gets young pop too, so well up on the mountain. Because the same plight, so all three are together. Every day, the elephants go get water, fruit of Buddhist monkey get cosy in war stories should give Buddhist monkey and elephant images usually have a cozy atmosphere of Buddha is also to record the conversation. At the net, found almost no residents who came to see him where the Buddhist Federation of reasons. The Bhikkhu-without pretentious answer loud speaker, so the production through upāsaka boycott, embargo of food. Finally, the secret too they must also clearly true and proved very regretful. After you got the error and peace with each other, together they go back occasionally Buddhas.
5) Vinaya was compiled, and consist of the book?
After the Buddha Like Ca removal, about 480 BC, the mass increase elderly, scattered in northeastern India, suddenly in a State of extremely confused, puzzled: there is no one to replace him, and also not have something based up to continue Hong. According to the Pali Scriptures, while some Tibetan Buddhists are adamant lamented, then a Bhikkhu-Canvas without pretentious name is Ananda (Subhadda): "this the gentleness, don't worry as the miserable details! We fortunately getting rid of him Great Sa. He is accustomed to the ear: ' people should be doing this, the people should avoid the faith '. Now, we are free to do what we want, and not be compelled to do what we don't want. " Listen to so, the disciples represent Ca Lettuce (Maha-kassapa) hastily proposed to convene immediately a Conference to set Up group to review and record the teaching of the Buddha.
So, according to legend, the first Conference To gather in Lost Property in the Diep (Rajagriha), of Magadha, with 500 disciples of Buddha which has resulted in A-la-Han (arahat), to jointly review the Foundation Act (vinaya) and France (dhamma). A-nan-da (Ananda), who was the author of the Buddha, and also was the last witness A-la-Han, was given the job of reviewing the sermon of him, and Favor-she-li (Upali) work revise precepts he has devised.
Aggregation (samgiti, hv. Our College litigation) means all sit together and litigation quoted Buddha. A-nan-da or Favor-she-li sits between reading each sentence one: "I hear as reunited (evam maya srutam, hv. like the ego). "If anyone is listening to them in teaching others statements, if not then adopted. So, according to tradition, the first in the Vinaya (vinaya-pitaka) is called the bowl of the litigation, litigation by Favor-she-li to complete 80 times. That had recorded the deed expired, that just lingers in memory and for each other.
Later, about 100 years after the Buddha, kill more, under King Ashoka (Ashoka), increasing the Group begin scattered all over the place, and divided the Group mind and do a lot of maintenance Law has different sections. A Conference Linking second episode was held at Bhikkhu-XA-li (Vaishali) a disagreement about the Precepts, and is also the starting point of a growing rift, divides Buddhism descended into the different factions.
For the majority of the Buddhist Vinaya, are more likely to have had the changes from the first Conference Finals until the second meeting and after further, until it was handwritten on leaf scandal (the first pali in Sri Lanka the I century BC, and the sanskrit Buddhist magazines in India II century AD). So in addition to a core policy initially, and many things outside of gibberish added later.
According to tradition, from a set of laws originally divided up into 6 sets of laws in the various schools (§ 1, 3):
-A set of Copper by pali Ye (Tamrasatiya), used in countries as Primitive (Theravada) PG;
-5 sets are translated into Chinese: PhầnLuật 1) Foursome of organ (or radio-Talks-Germany, Dharmaguptaka), is the most common in countries under PG. The TụngLuật of 2) Necessarily Finite sets (or Slapped-she-da, Sarvastivada), 3) Active Part of the local Culture (or Di-sa-principle, Mahisasaka), 4) Increase States the law of mass (or Ma-ha-steady-States, Mahasanghika), Organic Law 5) of Da-du-la Necessarily Finite sets (Mula-sarvastivada), used by PG to Tibet and Mongolia.
See compromise, then the set of laws that are the same on the primary points, only different on some more random bits. Also, the comment will also appear on the law.
When Buddhism spread to China, he Directed Propaganda Section of law as the basis taking the Quartet, and the enlightenment should Ritsu. From that quarter-Sections of law thrive, and in Vietnam from ancient to the present administrative Law Section also used to quarter-finals.
Four Law Sections, including 60 book can divided into 2 parts:
-Part 1 is about obligations of raised, i.e. 250 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni.
-Part 2 includes 20 Hopea-degree (chapter), on the regulation of the life world, world, crime, penitence, settling, quartets ..., about clothing, medicine, defense, and some stories time Buddha.
6) breaking world, light? How to resolve?
Under The law, an obligation of Tu Raised World was divided into 8 categories: 1) or Ba-la-di; 2) Increased persecution; 3); 4) Discharge an; 5 an Application); 6) Exchange too; 7) or French; 8) Removal to avoid. (§ 1, 3)
Stand in terms of light, then the world's Rising Ni can be divided into 3 types:
The world's heaviest-A), it shall take as a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, not how that salvage.
-B) into the world badly, then as a Bhikkhu-without pretentious just left a bit to be dispatched, charged and confessions by Bhikkhu locations without pretentious new eager 20-salvage.
-C) the medium or light, just be confessions, penitence is enough, alone or before a certain Bhikkhu-without pretentious, depending on the crime.
As such, the duty of the world includes 250 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious, divided into (§ 1, 4):
-Type a: 4 three-la-di (parajika) or Extreme evil, còngọi is the "gas" means to dispose of. This was the heaviest offence is discarded, expelled from Falling. Crime also known as Ma won (Ma Wang WINS) or Tha win (which was another winner herself), or is "the head", i.e. no longer participate in the work of the Group Increases. Ba-la-di consists of 4 modern pornography, sexual offences: 1), i.e. the intercourse with others, and even with all the same faction, with animals; 2) taken by people not to, theft; Network 3) murdered people, accomplice of murder, and even encourage the dead; 4 great expectations), i.e. having impersonated God.
-Type b: 13 world Falling ruins (old-she-or-contest-sa, sanghadisesa) is guilty also weighed, but can also salvage, by eligible 20 Bhikkhu-right Law without pretentious Established-ma and penitence. In this world there are about 13 related to sexuality, accomodation and split up (breaking up).
-Indeterminacy (aniyata) is guilty not unequivocally is heavy or medium, between three-la-di, a ruthless and three-thread-was inaugurated. There are 2 estate plan related to the world of pornography (sitting in that box or space with female celebrities, and say vulgar, illegal).
-Class C, are the following:
-Discharge of an (or Ni-slaps-three-thread, nissaggiya pacittiya inaugurated--) consists of 30 crimes related to the buildup of unauthorized objects such as clothing, medicine, food, money. One offender was then to take it out remove items before Falling to discharge them (4 people), and please a Bhikkhu-penitence before without pretentious.
-An (or three-inaugurated-theme, pacittiya) consists of 90 charges as minor expected language, defamatory, violent, killing insects, greed, drinking, playing with the bad, go along the road with female celebrities ... Guilty, only to an only, not to discharge.
-Exchange too (or three-la-topics-far-ni, patidesaniya), also called the direction of Belgium, consists of 4 world light is related to food. This offender just directed to a Bhikkhu-without pretentious other say guilt and asking for penitence.
-They study (or massage-Ca-la-ni, sikkha-karaniya) subject to Sudden-established-la, sekhiya, including 100 French, i.e. the article should learn, should apply in daily living, the dread ritual is picked up. The Crime Fighting-established-la lightweight but very easy, however, as the scope and then just penitence and promise not re-offending.
-Avoid (adhikarana-samatha) Genocide, also subject to Sudden-established-la, including 7 method to end the discord between them increases.
Gender duty of Citadel-without pretentious ni slightly different (§ 1, 4):
-Ba-la-di has 8 instead of 4.
In addition to 4 world Three-la-di Bhikkhu-4 world again without pretentious then also add is: 5) infected mind massage touches: "along with the male who also have mental pollution, body touching each other, from the armpit to the knee, or squeeze or massage, or pull or push, or massage or massage over or under, or closing down the Bong, or holding up or removal"; August 6): mind pollution "along with man also responsible for mind pollution, holding hands, clothing, General, occult, standing on the place in General, go to General, the body relies, together dating"; 7) hide cover Three-la-di of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni; 8) as a tributary rising electoral offences.
To Italy's two world 5 and 6, if right then without pretentious Bhikkhu-lighter, i.e. Increasing persecution, not Three-la-di.
-Increase remains: there are 17 instead of 13
-No Real definition
-Exchange too: there are 8 instead of 4
-An: there are 178 instead of 90
A total of 348 (over 40%) without pretentious Bhikkhu-.
Especially Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni left still must adhere to Eight bowel syndrome (gurudhamma). also known as the Bowl Weight (* 6). According to legend, 5 years after rising Union Bhikkhu-established without pretentious, Ms. Ma-ha-ba-SOAP-three-title (Mahapajapati Gotami), aunt and adoptive mother of the Buddha, along with 500 women's line, they like to implore the Buddha allowed the monk and founded the Ni group. She craved Buddha three times, but all three times were rejected. Finally, thanks to the advocacy of Ananda, the Buddha agreed, but the condition is Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni must adhere to Eight bowel syndrome. The Bowl measures 8 Charter Dizzy lowered position of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, Bhikkhu-right dress tòng Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, Ni them without pretentious place and under the auspices of the Increase.
In summary, according to the Vinaya has many world Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-ni-without pretentious without pretentious, if not tho keep correctly, extremely difficult. Super: "speaking as HT Friendly if we remove throughout his life to study law is uncertain to understand the corner, it's meticulously. If there are many corner case patient Center also just to except beings. The karma of beings it corner like that, should He have to meticulously to except it limitations "(§ 1).
And in fact, when it's processing and flexible confessions, reproduces in theory much (* 7).
7) About what role in the practice of personal?
The purpose of the world, on principle, is to "evil" rooms only, i.e. the non-prevention of the unlawful and harassing the pre-loss evil, and evil is "just work", i.e. pre-loss evil and accomplishments of the heal. As well as teaching the Buddha in the Dhammapada, 183, reiterated by the teacher box Chao: "evil Mac friendly, Our Client Service Executive, self, The vassal States of meditation Buddhist" (do not do evil, the achievement of healthy, keep the net bar, then lettered Buddhist teachings woke up).
It should also be noted that world is not just a merely prohibition (do not do this, do not do it) be negative, which implies both a positive nature of popping up due to the delay itself. Such delay would do the world not popping up compassion, not stealing the Bell, not the honest liar, not the net bar, not drunk the Awakening (§ 5).
In fact, the essence of Buddhism is a path of liberation rather than a system of morality, pedantic, banning people do this, forcing people to do it. The two words "evil" and "good" are also not in Buddhism origins, which was borrowed from Chinese to translate two Pali "akusala" and "kusala". " Akusala "include the Italian wants to cause bad karma (kamma-cetana), go along with 3 apartments (mula) bad (lobha), embezzlement (dosa) and si (moha). In contrast, "kusala" the good karma to triggers, comes along with good 3 apartments is not participating (alobha), pitch (adosa = metta, from) and si (amoha = pañña, hue). So then what "evil" is the bad bad people taken to the result, the impurity (kilesa), suffering, and what "good" is better taken to the characters well, left the negativity, suffering genocide (§ 5).
In Central Beijing, 78, the Buddha declares: "create good karma (kusala-sila)? That's the impact body (kaya-kamma), impact (vaci-kamma), impact (mano-kamma), and the first bar in the way of living, which is called the world. "
For him, to release compositions độnghay (cetana) is even more important: "This the Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Italy (cetana) is what is known as the action, because the human mind is through the cooperative actions by themselves, export, Italy ... "(Rising Costs More, VI, 63). Other than the Brahmin and The-na (jaïn), the Buddhist concept that only deliberate action, while new forms of action not created accidentally. Therefore, the importance of the world, the great world heavy or light, depending on the impact, in human consciousness in each case.
World are closely related with the two subjects "pirated" is Defined (samadhi) and Hue (pañña). College Bowl Nirvana Sutra has the Buddha: "Recalling the lyrics will confer great benefits and results if developed with world, Hui will bring great benefit to the result and if developed with. Development with Lily will escape the pirated or (asava), education (kamasava), smuggled pirated (bhavasava), tri (ditthasava) and knowledge of smuggled pirated ignorance (avijjasava) ". In eight Districts (atthangika-magga), then Chief Justice, Chief Justice, Chief of the network in the world; the Chief effort, mindfulness, Chief to belong To; Chief Architect, works thinking on Hue (§ 5).
Because "mind leads the French" (Dhammapada, Business 1), so the world can see is a starting point, a phase of the practice: thanks for the new Center should hold World, thanks to the new Hue, Hue should be freed.
Monks often pirated or original left much, so need to be interested in all activities of the Italian cooperation, export, Italy Must self-control, self-restraint don't let mind let go of lung, pollution by the pirated or popping up, and the ones that nowadays is called the "negative emotions". That is the function of the precepts of three la-MOC-massage (free world) set off for the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni. The precepts are viewed as means of Regent Centre given by Buddha: as received many precepts i.e. more favor on the path of liberation.(§ 1)
According to HT, "great Imagination, precepts of the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni has 2 parts: part 1 is about the law, part 2 is dread. Part 1 is the world prohibition truly sin, part 2 is the world prohibition movements inappropriate. News as gases can say is both the precepts, the French can say is suspected both. dread Also the other world is world of law, there is dread, there is both. All such ceremonial precepts and dread constitutes a religious center ranks Them. About many things to some, as the law says that Quad, hễ "minimum education student knowledge" (ham, know enough), accompanied by "Tam you" (know the disgrace), then keep the most, including the opening price (and limitations) of each world to also find out and keep the whole "(§ 4).
5 final Sa-di and Sa-di, as well as 3 world's last day "bowl of life residents who are boys" also went in the spirit of "sufficiency", minority education tri aims to focus the mind on tu, not so distracted by earthly scene and the most fun.
Say so then Law inseparable from France, and the law is a part of the Dhamma by Buddha likes to leave. Let's listen to the shelves the last of him before entering the Great bowl of Nirvana:
"Little Bhikkhu-without pretentious!
Keep mindfulness, the senses,
Tri world, mind, photography.
One effort in France and this law,
Will left round birth, termination of suffering "
(College Bowl Experience Nibbana in pali).
8) had the benefit of social life, community?
Social, community, then we must distinguish two types of world:
-5 world common to all Buddhists, also called "Tanh" or "natural" (pakati-sila), and
-the world dedicated to increase ni, is the world's "unconventional" (pannati-sila) (§ 5).
Five world joint for the Buddhists called moral naturalism, because shared by many different cultural traditions. If compare with 10 "imperative" (commandements, commandments) divine given Moïse (Moses) on Mount Sinai, according to Jewish tradition and In Christianity, then we noticed last order 4 is no different to 4 first Buddhism: "Thou shall not kill; not be adultery; not theft; No witness cheating ".
Compliance of the forbidden world or this course very imperative that the benefits for human populations, social. Can say they are the cornerstone of the peace, the Pacific between humans. Try to imagine a society in which all people are kept in world: do not kill, do not steal, no lies, no adultery, not to say addiction, then society will peace, know how much!
The difference is that for the Buddhists, it is not the order of God or of a power, which is exactly the way to choose to liberation and happiness. According to HT Sound From, "not a lot of wealth, love, etc ... is human happiness. Happy is the people that live to know more, learn to respect the happiness of people, knowing the true compassion. A civilized nation is a people know to respect the lives of each other, respect for the fundamental freedoms of the people. Thus, this world is fundamentals bring happiness to people, building people live correctly the meaning of civilization of mankind. In the basic ethics of the Buddhists, the start of footsteps on the path of enlightenment. " (§6)
Precepts for the increased ni has other benefits. As well as explanation of the Buddha when he devised a world: "Because the whole event of Increase elderly, 's Chief Justice of the peace, raise them, the growth of the trust, the existing paragraph and destroy negativity in the future ... "precepts not only helpful to the practice of each person, but also the need for unity, safety net Increase. Gender duty can be viewed as a rules aimed at keeping discipline within an organization and must be respected by all members. Such an obligation in the world are French, Bhikkhu-without pretentious is the study, should apply in daily living, and destroy to avoid, is the method to resolve the discord between them increases.
In principle, while "Tanh", i.e. 5 gender basics, created (when killed, the result will be ..., when the theft, the result will be ..., when adultery, then the result will be ... etc), then the precepts of "unconventional", dedicated to growth, not created, or rather created industry neutralno evil does not heal (§ 5).
But look carefully again, then we will see the precepts of "unconventional" created, there are no precepts. For example if two world Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni Pham Ba-la-di 5 and 6: "along with the South's mind pollution, body touching, massage, Bong together, holding hands, etc", was created because the industry is likely to entice to go further, to sexual relations. But if just going along the road, sitting together, see each other, no mind pollution, there is the world and create industry? That is the difficulty of the limit between the offense and not breaking the world.
9) why there are many precepts concerning sexuality, influence of such male-female relations?
From the story the Buddha instituted a limit of any pornography due to Na-title-Prince of Miss Grace with his ex-wife, we can draw an important lesson: the purpose of "pornography" is just to solve a psychological problem. If Na-title-only horrified with his ex-wife, then forget, not even feel guilt ballast Classifieds by and continue austerities as old, then where is the problem? But poor so people born when had sex and then there is heterosexism, heterosexism and then be ballast the Classifieds, all are inextricably interrelated, and as well as physiology and psychology, impossible to separate.
To steep practice Center towards liberation, Buddha has chosen for himself and his disciples export path. Exporting country is left family, living a single life is not binding, a place paint Cup or between a mass increase elderly in the monastery. Because once had been the dominant sex, heterosexism, United family, wife hardly to be interested, keep the mind to stillness.
That is the reason of "pornography", i.e. for people migrating from the Buddhists were not unlawful sexual intercourse, and for Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni without pretentious-not having sex with anyone, and even with animals (three-la-di or gas 1).
But we can wonder why for exporting countries to have many precepts concerning sex and male-female relationships like that? Such side-there are 25 world without pretentious Bhikkhu (1, 2, 5, Increase Uncertainty, 12 2 An Exchange too, 3 of them), Citadel-ni had 37 world without pretentious (3, 3, 3, 28 An Increase Them) plus 8 bowel syndrome, the genus is 45 wide. Why have multiple world about sex with the small details, so li picked up?
The reason is probably the Buddha and the lawyer has already proved very wall of physiological and psychological relationship to sex. As well as science today has clearly demonstrated, sex is a fierce energy of life due to the fertility of every creature. Proverbs have had the phrase "explosive", near the straw, and the giant Strong has also used the phrase "real" life expectancy and women to do the fence prevented the intimacy between men and women.
In the pali Scriptures, Nibbana Bowl Representatives also noticed a piece of exchange between A-nan-da and the Buddha:
-"White World Religions, we must behave how for women?
-This A-nan-da, please avoid look upon them.
-But The Sun, if we see them, then how?
-This A-nan-da, please avoid talking to them.
-The Sun, if we have to talk to them, then what to do?
-This A-nan-da, if talk, they must beware, beware. "
In fact, the authenticity of this exchange very suspicious areas, for two reasons: 1) this question what incoherence with the question posed by A-nan-momentum before and after that (about the sanctuary, manners with humiliation to the Buddha), 2) upholding A-nan-da was too old (this being the same day cousin with Buddha), and has nearly reached the Holy fruits A La Chinese, so how can education excellence by? Therefore, the Exchange was added later by the author of the post, to clear up the precautionary undertakings, of their escapism for women.
The compiled Precepts also admit that about sex, this may entice to the other story, such as when a male a female met where absent Qu, then maybe they will flirt with each other, and portable handheld foot, and then gradually go further ...
Therefore, everything related to the body possible aphrodisiac place yourself or others is prohibited. Especially for Citadel-the world banned without pretentious ni, such as: "don't wear rising States (underwear), River bathing, nude thighs, sit xoạc, joke giỡn does cover sealed themselves in the residence, went to shake his designs, eating garlic, makeup, wearing jewellery, aromatherapy, listen to digital music anointing, thanks to the massage," even as "using too much water net work (wash down)3 spot, shaved, "also are not allowed to because there is the possibility to masturbation ...(§ 4)
Because want to spit take root every craving, want to cancel all the opportunity taken to explicit sex, so the compiled Precepts were going into details about laws regarding sex and male-female relationships between Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, male and female residents.
Of course, at that point, they do not doubt that as science proved today, masturbation is not a disease, which is a natural form of sex, especially in young age filled plastic life, when the mind brain is strongly influenced by the sex hormones.
Surely had raised the young were ballast inner (Interior) classified by the conflict between instinct and some world laws regarding sex. At any time, they can suffer squeeze mops (refoulé) is more than the bar high (sublimer), according to the words of Freud, until reaching the bar high indeed with time age, when sexual energy began to die.
10) precepts are should change or not?
In the history of the development of Buddhism, there was disagreement about the Precepts of popping out very early, leading to the Conference Finals for the second episode in the Bhikkhu-XA-li (Vaishali), about 100 years after the Buddha Park Chairman, aimed at redoubling precepts.
Story happens as Da-XA (Yasha), a Presbyterian of increased Western, Vaishali, see increase the group goes through the Orient in this range to 10 to the precepts, including drinking, eating out and earning money, there should be no reprimand. But the Group Citadel-Vaishali sought without pretentious, and he bribed chase him out of the city. He seamlessly informing some elders and convene a Conference to look at things according to the precepts. The result is the ruling group without pretentious Bhikkhu-Vaishali breaking the law, and they must receive the error prior to increase them. But this group of Bhikkhu-without pretentious, younger and more Eastern, do not recognize this ruling and together the files again individually, taking the name Mahasangiti (Mass College Litigation) and later the Mahasanghika (Mass), separate from the other is the Sthaviravada (Is). This event, as well as the story recounted in Kosambi, proves that the Precepts can be a reason of serious split between Increases, and can cause harm rather than benefit to the practice.
About 5 world basics of the Buddhists, no one denied the need for and the benefits for themselves as well as for our society, and therefore also not a few suggested changes, except to add some details to suit the times, as 1) ... do not kill animalsdon't harm the environment, nature, Earth; 2) ... do not distort, hideout, concealed the truth, 3) ... do not steal, no corruption, no fraud, 4) ... don't ruin other people's happy family through illegal situation, 5) ... no smoking, drug addiction or drug, do not use the chemicals cause neurological disorders.
In contrast, with regard to the world for Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni, i.e. Three-la-theme-rustic-massage (Liberation), the change is set out, for a number of reasons:
1) Of precepts too much, making the Law becomes a complicated, boring. Risky, as well as the French often says: "many laws too killing laws" (lois tue trop de la loi), so too many precepts would make the austerities belittled, and see the required learning the law only as a form of regularity.
2) many of the precepts of obsolete, and can only be applied in the condition of living at the time of Buddha, 25 centuries ago. The world law suit Indian customs, but there is no reason to apply elsewhere, such as "do not eat half in her mouth, half to addition to" because the Indians eating by hand, while others use chopsticks or a fork.
3) majority of the precepts are the world's lightest, is picked up, gibberish, not needed. Such as "don't FLOSS, hỉ nose towards the Buddha". If you want to focus on what's important, primarily a way of adjustment, then one must leave the secondary world, is picked up, not needed.
4) the disparity between the treatment too markedly without pretentious and Bhikkhu-without pretentious Bhikkhu-ni, between men and women, when the Citadel-348 world without pretentious ni must hold, plus Eight bowel syndrome, while the Bhikkhu-250 just keep having sex without pretentious. There is also a newly obsolete, just go against the spirit of equality of Buddhism, expressed in the first sentence of the Diamonds weak Precepts: "Bhikkhu-Citadel-without pretentious without pretentious, although Tan though former, nuns on the precepts can result in uniform" (§ 1).
This has led to a number of Buddhist studies reset problem the moment appearing and the process of formation of the Vinaya, the hypothesis is that a significant number of precepts for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni has added about 1-2 hundred years after the Buddha President kill by lawyer males.
In most civilizations, until recently, the society was organized according to the system of patriarchal power in which males are primarily for attitude "important South horizon" is still considered normal, even in religious organizations. But with the evolution of society and the influence of Western culture, the struggle for women's rights and gender equality has become a powerful and has achieved some notable achievements. In advanced countries respected human rights, discrimination by gender is considered illegal, as well as racism or the minority in society.
Recently, Buddhism was very popular and many people go by in the Western media, but one thing people often do not fancy Western was the lack of equality between men and women in this respect, if don't want to Increase and Ni say is abuse, female, yellowing was expressed in special duty without pretentious ni and Bowl Bhikkhu-bowel syndrome.
Of course, when the problem changes Precepts, is an incredibly important issue, then there are a number of austerities, especially in educational, opinionated, and gotten rid of this opinion are based on the following arguments:
1 issue Precepts of Increase) and Ni is the internal problem of mass Increase-the elder (sangha), extramarital sex to upāsaka Buddhists. Change the law or not is the world's oldest, and only Increase-Increase-new old has the right to decide.
2) Precepts are devised by the Buddha, so people do not have the power to change, as well as do not have the power to change the classic, is the teaching of the Buddha. Precepts and has existed from the year 2500, how many generations have been Raised and maintained in such a world of life, something to change?
3) If you want to change precepts, then who is competent to change? Buddhism does not have a Pope as the Catholic party, and even Germany, the Dalai Lama, also just who leads the Tibetan Gelugpa sect's only, but can not decide for all Buddhist institutions in the world.
To reply to those arguments, we should reiterate that:
1) Falling-old, is one of the jewels, not only including the austerities, but also including all the resident singer at the ("four"). All have rights and duties involved in improvement of Buddhism, if that proved necessary. From past to present, still play an important role in Buddhist activities and in endurance of Buddhism, as well as in the story happens in Kosambi.
2) one important thing has been recorded in the Scriptures, is before the Buddha Like genocide, he has based Singer told for A Ananda, the closest disciple of him: "is this A Ananda, after we go, if Increased delegation wanted, drop in World Luậtnhững small things picked up, insignificant" (Nirvana Sutra College Bowl in Pali).
Very possible that the Buddha has remembered the story in Kosambi, between two Theravada, a person who has committed a little picked up, got the error and asking for penitence, but the other to bigotry, crime on "world banned player" (shilabbata paramasa), so the result is caused disturbance and dissension in the Increase. As well as medicines, the world is picked up can cause harmful side effects than the disease, and in that case will need to be removed.
But when the Great American Lettuce (Maha-kassapa), in the Conference finals the first episode, A-nan-da gặn asked that such things, then the author does not know the answer, because at that time the Buddha incredibly effortless should not dare to ask next. Great American Lettuce plants rebuke A Ananda about it, and took a very important decision for the established Precepts later: "The Religious things not produced out of Germany, then there is more; The Religious things Germany has built up, then keep intact, do not change ".
So, can say that those who want to keep the Precepts, the former as the Buddha, then take the perspective of the Great American Lettuce. Also those who want to change the World, progressive Legislation, dismissed small things picked up, not needed, new truth is loyalty to the lyrics suggest the last of the Buddha.
It is said that Buddhism is "ideal", which serves as the base, which serves as the path "option, invariant". If so, the spirit that must be made in a particular way, by modernizing Buddhism, making Buddhism adapted to new environmental circumstances, because social customs have changed too much. Unless is obtained as a artifacts in museums, Buddhism cannot avoid shifts, rotating between pleasing life.
Precepts by the Buddha 2500 years ago devised in India may not fit with the society today, that has permanently.
What's hard is who will be the head of the convent, propose additional revisions needed there, and whether they will be in response to widespread?
11) currently has suggested changing the Precepts?
In Taiwan, since several years now has been a movement to cancel Eight bowel syndrome, initiated by Ni. This movement every day a spread and can have several reasons:
1-the spirit of equality and women have become popular in Taiwan society and cannot avoid affecting the Increase of Romanian troops.
2-Buddhism in Taiwan is somewhat being "secularization" by the thought of the school Raised.
3-Buddhism of Taiwan are not organized according to the Church, which was organized by sectarianism, each sectarian developed independently and has its own rules.
4-power of ni world Taiwan gradually grew and took over the currently dominant in all areas: Organization, diplomatic, cultural, social, etc. (§ 7).
In response to these arguments the French conservatives advocate, said that the Dizzy Bat rules this is not rigorous is outside the purpose of protecting women, then these advocates dismissed the French claimed that eight Bowl bowel syndrome that are outdated and no longer reason to exist in society today.
In the Philippines, instead of calling the Remove Method, the teacher Dizzy Bat Thich Nhat Hanh devised to Increases Bowl bowel syndrome (§ 8), i.e. the duty of a Bhikkhu-without pretentious for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, but who also understand that ni is to establish equality between men and women and Ni.
In fact, things that Zen master Nhat Hanh eyeing is wider, and began almost 50 years now. It is the educational institutional tu adjust, aimed at modernizing Buddhism and Buddhism come into his life. In the book "Buddhist modernization", published in 1965 in the U.S., I suggest two monastic Buddhist, Could enter and the Next line is Present (§ 9).
For the line to be Added, the appearance properties, intensive spiritual experience and doctrine, "precepts will be simplified, and tu adjust to fit more with lifestyle monastery. Two hundred and fifty world will rest of approximately thirty world basics and essentials. Academic study tu adjust precepts must be viewed as necessary and appropriate to the spirit which serves as the basis of Buddhism. None living in a social way of Buddha social Vietnam lifestyle that is still the old lifestyle precepts. Many terms in the precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious was no longer trendy; the rising artist does have life Bhikkhu-without pretentious recognise as such. So there is no reason that the increase in order Entry does not convene a meeting to study the life and precepts of the tu adjust.
Here we do not dare venture to suggest a ban black new laws for the world in order To Enter, because doing it will for a Congress of correction by the monastery undertakings precepts. But we can say that the world will act very simple and would be Mahayana mind, means no Bollywood formula and superficial. Actually live in a monastery May Enter, do not need the precepts, but just a discipline by the setting out of seclusion to allow for location to avoid all obstacles "(§ 9).
For the Next line, enter the nature, to bring Buddhism comes into his life, serve for society, "they will be the life world — their precepts are not precepts made the entry, which is the world of law. World law's mind about-bringing the way of the bodhisattva, manifest the spirit of compassionate wisdom of Buddhism, Buddhist philosophy of action (§ 9). "
Interbeing was founded by Zen master Nhat Hanh in 1966 in pH, and from Shume Mai Hamlet, in France, has developed in many countries around the world, especially in Western monastic comprising them.: export, export and the American South, in the South and in the female, and were led by the 14 World Followed so far (* 8) (§ 8). Of course, the presence of people in the household, families in a monastic Buddhism not accepted by traditional public opinion easily. However, for some order in Tibet and Japan, allowing increased singer married, then that is a normal thing, and today the Catholic side in the Western dialect has a movement called for the cancellation of the obligatory priestly celibacy.
In rural areas, five world Shume Mai base also was replaced by "five world tu", in order to respect and to protect the lives, environment, family, true happiness, the harmonious society and the awakening of ourselves, and the world Sa-10 and Sa-di di also modernized, but still retain the original spiritual framework.
About the world of the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni (or male and female officers Khất Khất), then TS Nhat Hanh along with The Church Tho Shume Mai Hamlet has established an obligation of tu Khất sĩ New World (The Revised Pratimoksha), after consultation with the various lawyers as well as head of the Senate increase in Vietnam and overseas. About this new obligations were published on 31/3/2003 at the Central Institute of the University Old Growth Seoul, South Korea. World number remains the same (250 for Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 to the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni), but there are significant changes, and some old world was replaced by the world involve the media in the new era, such as cars, phones, radio, television, computers, the Internet, etc (* 1) (§ 8).
Conclusion
The purpose of the Buddhist Precepts in mind, not outside, master mind to towards enlightenment, moksha. Understand so then the law is located in France, France, not far from the left. The Buddhists when Chapel holds the world aware that it is a French sports school for yourself, to monasteries helps her effort on the path of intellectual property, but nothing else.
Often, people prone to routine by taking, pitch, si, and while still young by sex, so should refrain themselves to delay sex. There's a new Centre, there are to be new born To the Hue. Work, avoid bad things, then the new Center bar first.
In the base of the Buddhist world is the world, the world of Tanh "naturally", popular, valuable in all civilizations and of all time, couldn't be any shortcomings. Apply in world that will avoid many sufferings, bring as many security for people and society.
The world added for Sa-di and Sa-di ni, CU singer Shou's son just Bowl aimed at promoting psychological slope Simulator, tu "minimum exercise, tri sufficiency", not to be distracted by the fun time.
The problem arises with three-la-theme-rustic-massage (freed), consisting of 250 precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 of the precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni (in the Mahayana), plus Eight bowel syndrome. These precepts were built out from the time of the Buddha, each triggered an incident in Rising, and as well as laws in the world, these laws are piled up, each day a lot better.
Such number of precepts for Increased Ni becomes too much, with about 2-3 dozen of important (Ba-la-di and brutal), but most of these precepts is picked up, the meticulous nature corner, or outdated. Moreover, although French was bolstered Bowl bowel syndrome how, inequalities between men and women and Gender duty Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious ni also highlights Bhikkhu-up markedly.
In fact, the concept of conservatism is still relatively common in Buddhism, because people still distinguish the appearance and life, and in part, male and female monks, so the precepts of more women than men, and rigorous joining more and more rigorous in the country, is considered normal. But if not left to be understood from his life, as well as interested non-removable from relatives, not split away from the Lotus was muddy, and all are equal to Buddhist Tanh as, then left the reason for that distinction?
World, society has changed so much, and requires an appropriate chemical, modernized constantly in every field. From the few dozen this year, the phenomenon of globalization and the spread of Buddhism in Western media as a new movement Falun, is the power to promote Buddhism to innovations, preserve and develop the essence, its framework (including the main precepts), and gotten rid of those cumbersome, Misc., outdated, go against the principle of equality of the era, i.e. the precepts is picked up, not needed.
We must reiterate that the Buddha Like Ca prior to membership Chair has also suggest the disciples as "possibly removed those precepts is picked up, insignificant".
So, tu adjust Three-la-theme-rustic-massage, put away the bowl is not opposed to Dizzy France Germany The Religion that the contrary is faithful to the words told his final.
It is not the job of the monks, Buddhist leaders, that is the job of all Buddhists, a large scale exercise, meeting again all the Church worldwide, with the Secretary of the Senate as well as the young, in an Increase Ni Congress Buddhist global aggregation of the new era. Will definitely be popping up the disagreement, and sometimes will have spent tens years later established a duty complete with the consensus of the majority Buddhists.
However, so well rather than a single, sporadic works of a few courageous individuals, whether they are pioneering a cardinal of the Church, or Organization of the school come. A church built by the entire Buddhist world ever also quieter and more sustainable.
But also-and the possibility that no less-is Buddhism would never be a Buddhist unique and uniform, will always diverse with many, many different sects, as well as developing from originally, shortly after Germany The Religious genocide.
Trinh Nguyen Phuoc
Olivet, 02/10/2011
Caption:
(* 1) Sufficiency tool life (upasampada) is getting the full world (stuff about = full). Only the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-ni-without pretentious without pretentious stuff about new life. People please Shou world called "world". When the "world" (also in French, as devised by the Buddha) was to increase them "white ghost", the Quartet was established-the world Prince put it on and then it turns into "world", and hence emits "happier", exports, both French, maintained the same spiritual precepts, simultaneously appear "General"modern externally, dread to see someone who has kept the world is well known.
(* 2) According to the Vinaya, the Union wants to be called a steady increase in Union legal, official, they must have at least 4 position Bhikkhu-specific objects without pretentious have tho. Usually a steady group consisting of 20 Bhikkhu locations-without pretentious is a rising group can do all things according to the law, such as the world Organization, Self sufficiency tool life (pavarana) on each end of an CU, etc. In a steady, usually have some common law Bhikkhu-without pretentious, mastering Precepts (at least 3 years), called the lawyers.
(* 3) Established-ma or Throat-ma (p., s. karma kamma) means, is the Act of intentionally (action volontaire) of the individual or collective. In law, when they gathered for World Growth, voting something, then the call is Established-ma. Established-ma is such a voting method to handle the Increase in Job Corps.
(* 4) "Platinum Quartet was established-ma" is used when voting for important matters such as the insurance stuff seriously world, to ask our opinion Raises three times (once white, three times was established-ma). What's not important, then use "white II" (a white, once Established-ma). If only raised the issue for mass without voting opinions are referred to as "white".
(* 5) Settle: the Citadel-without pretentious in the rainy season three months to pull together in a safety net clinic (vihara), rather than going off here, stroll plant khất to not crush up insects, undermining the grass plant. Frequently happens in summer, so called "an established resident representatives".
(* 6) that Legal rules 8 as follows: Bowl bowel syndrome
1. A Bhikkhu-ni, despite hundreds of years of age without pretentious land must also be respected Bhikkhu-without pretentious. When encountering a Bhikkhu-without pretentious to stand up, bow ceremony and the correct permission Danh rule.
2. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni is not an established infrastructure in local residents do not have the Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
3. every half month, Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni must wait them Bhikkhu-without pretentious decided to Declare holidays and hours Bhikkhu-without pretentious Slaps to education world.
4. After settling, Bhikkhu-right front quarter without pretentious ni Rose ni please about: two see, hear and question.
5. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni guilty Falling ruins to make France the penitence Ma-na-đỏa (manatta) before two raised them in half a month.
6. after learning French in two years, six world Bhikkhu-sufficiency tool life right without pretentious ni prior two raised them.
7. in any case, a Bhikkhu-ni was not without pretentious or heavy lyrics for clapperclaw Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
8. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni no right to rebuke, election crimes Bhikkhu-without pretentious. In contrast, Bhikkhu-right crimes without pretentious be without pretentious Bhikkhu-ni.
(* 7) For example want convicted Three-la-di, they must meet the elements, such as: the object is, to die for real, who committed intentionally, awake (lettered utopian is ghosts, demons ...). And while Three-la-di is guilty, on the principle to eliminate outside Increases, but in the case of repentance, remorse (only for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Bhikkhu-ni was not without pretentious), also please allow 20 Bhikkhu locations Established-ma ago to study Ba-la-without pretentious-di. Allowed to study Ba-la-di (a form of penitence) and then, when he was in the temple, but was not allowed to attend to the work of the Group Increases.
In addition, there are 6 cases of crime Increase dramatically, probably to penitence with 20 Bhikkhu-without pretentious, just before a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, speak up his sins shall be net bar. That's when the culprits who understood Business, law or Reasoning, the Theravada elders, who represents Germany or the blessing of "Tam you" (disgrace).
(* 8) 14 World Next is:
1. do not worship idols a libertarian theory, including the theory of nationalism and Buddhism. The system of doctrines in Buddhism must be aware as those disciplines are the instructions that no absolute truth.
2. don't saddle position that knowledge alone we have is the real truth to become unchangeable heritage capital and narrow-minded. Always learning attitude and openness to bankruptcy acceptable reception point of others. To lifelong learning as a search.
3. Do not force the people by themselves, any way. To respect the freedom of others.
4. don't escape from suffering, closed his eyes before suffering and lost consciousness about the suffering of life. To look to the suffering.
5. Not set one of four things, interests, talents, as the main goal of his life. Happy to learn to think of other guys tri sufficiency.
6. do not keep anger and resentment. To be consistent, compassionate to forgive all those who caused anger and resentment understanding of themselves, right after her understanding arises.
7. don't say the words can create disharmony and disintegration in unions. To apply AI language to mediation all duty discord, whether large or small.
8. don't lie to the pursuit of financial gain and the glass. Don't say the words divisive, hatred; the transmission was not yet know, Taiwan is real; don't criticize and condemn the things that he did not know for sure. Have to say the words true and valuable building.
9. don't live a life from suffering too with these guys. To live life tri, casual but not eccentric.
l0. Not taking advantage of Buddhism. to keep the bar high Buddhism personality of his theoretical ideas.
11. don't live by the TA mission. To choose the career salary, especially the trades could help yourself accomplish the ideal of Buddhist Compassion Relief line.
12. not be murdered human network, deprecated the guillotine kill. To find every possible way to protect human life.
13. don't be taken as proprietary ones money and wealth illegally. Must protect proprietary other guys but must know to prevent the perpetrator enriched a dishonesty and on the suffering of the masses.
14. no adultery, no advantage did not clean the others. Must be clean and must know the protection for the clean.
(* 9) In the world of the Khất sĩ Restoration obligation of tu, including: the World without pretentious Bhikkhu-Shedding (4), Increasing Butts (27), let go and Reveal (32), Reveal (110), Our World (70), Kill avoid (7). The world of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious Ni include: World Shedding (8), the World Body Rise Rescue (36), let go and Reveal (40), Reveal (142), World Prestigious Facilities (they) (115), Kill Avoid (7). For details, please go to:END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.( TAM THANH ).MHDT.12/5/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
On the theory About keeping an important position that a third of the tripiṭaka Classics (ti-pitaka) is dedicated to the World of law. That is the Vinaya (vinaya-pitaka), standing next to Tibet (sutta-pitaka) Experience and Expression (abidhamma-pitaka).
On the practice, also played a key role in life Increases. Someone who wants to export his monk, first to the life world Sa-di (samanera) or Sa-di ni (samaneri), then after a while new worlds (upasampada) sufficiency tool life, voluntarily comply with the obligation to become a Bhikkhu-World without pretentious (bhikkhu) or nun (bhikkhuni) Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
Although so important but Precepts very rarely mentioned or the herds in the sermon on the doctrine, apart from increasing.
The reason is probably the Precepts are considered a study unprofitable, boring, doesn't attract the masses such as lectures on Business or to France. Moreover, for the majority of Buddhists, Precepts belong to separate areas of the convent, with hundreds of world law must be reviewed regularly, while the resident officer only 5 Basic world is enough. , Know more what to do, when that Law is often regarded as the World religion thing fixed long table to because, as well as the words of a Chief God, "them as such and always will be so" ...
To contribute to the understanding of World Law, we would like to rely on some of the basic documents, especially of HT Super Friendly (§ 1), HT Position (§ 4), and DR. Nhat Hanh (§ 8), to try to answer the following question undertaken:
1-What is the law? Gender and Law are different how?
2-World classified?
3-the ceremonies related to world?
4-why the Buddha to create world, and his limitations in any circumstances?
5-Vinaya was compiled, and consist of the books?
6-breaking world, sinful light? How to resolve?
7-about what role in the practice of personal?
8-world has benefits in social life, community?
9-Why have many precepts concerning sex and male-female relationships like that?
10-World law needs to change or not?
11-currently has suggested changing the Precepts?
What is 1), the law Limits? Gender and Law are different how?
Gender and the law is often considered the same, and sometimes are referred to as precepts. But considering the digital out and the law also has different sections.
World (sila, transliteration: Enforcement-la) means the General moral (éthique, ethics), and are permitted to rule (préceptes, moral rules), set out for the Buddhists appeared and spread were the life world.
Law (Citadel-complaint-vinaya) mean discipline (discipline), including the, the method determines life (sangha), and the Increase was recorded in the Vinaya.
According to HT, Super Friendly, if compared with the medication, then the World as well as medicine and law, as well as result in pharmaceutical, drugs. Such as if the world is salicylique, then the Law is acide Aspirine. "World's commandments, the law is the method of practice commandments" (§ 1).
As such, the World means more broadly, as well as the General principles of law, while practical nature, go into more detail. Therefore, people familiar "World" or "banned" for all Buddhists, and taking the word "Precepts" for those who publish his austerities.
2) World is classified?
Had many ways of sorting (§ 1):
a/"gender", "liberation" and "Republic To the world".
"Liberation" (patimokkha, transliteration: Ba-la-theme-rustic-massage, from pati = towards, mokkha = freed), is the world lies in the Vinaya, applied to the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni, from the time of Buddha so far. These are known as such because of the life world does the benefit of that world, liberation, as well as under the law on causation, sow staff does is result.
But there are two types of Bhikkhu-without pretentious doesn't need the life world:
Hybrid-"good", is the Citadel-without pretentious homes friendly apartments come with the Buddha when he is not interested in his inventions, steep, so "tu tu set AutoPlay" (beard hair natural hair), "legal sufficiency" of medical instruments (Austrian coffee sa automatically stick to themselves), became the Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
-"Break the established usage without pretentious", is the Citadel – who doesn't need to prove that life austerities ("Imperial Citadel-arch without pretentious"), except all negativity was established.
It is the "world" and "Republic", pointing To the monastery under the French intellectual, Foursome, anatta, impermanence, etc (the world), or meditation (To the world), which reached about infinity pirated, France with net bar, although not tu world that Satori.
b/the "gap" and "world" (or "Bodhisattva")
-"Gap" is the world's leading exporting countries and populations, and each row must at some certain limits:
* There are 5 common to all Buddhists (pañca-sila):
who killed Networking 1) not (pinyin real observation)
2) do not lie (hv any hoped language)
3) not theft (hv any DAO)
4) not (hv any pornography)
5) not drunk.
* limited to the Sa-10 and Sa-di di (dasa-sila) ni. In addition to the above is:
12 g 6) do not eat after noon
7) not playing or listening to music, skips dance
8) is not scented anointing, makeup, wear jewellery
9) is not high, luxurious bed
10) does not receive the money, gold and silver.
* 227 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious, 311 for for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, traditionally Primitives; 250 world for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, 348 for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, according to tradition.
-"World" (or "Bodhisattva"), is the world one tho also. Spread or increase, old, healthy body, illness or disability, can tho world (while being too young, too old or illness or disability, not life expectancy "gap", i.e. export) as long as the Legal understanding and Bodhicitta. " Information about "nature more equal and is not restricted by the Prime Minister.
c/"Tanh" and "Old World"
-"Tanh" in moral nature (morale naturelle) and popular. For example, murder, lie, steal were considered offences, in any meeting or social. Increase or continue, it is guilty. However when on, then calling the offense, but the increase is the world.
-"Old World" is about to bring two meanings: 1) to the basic problems of the time, the divorce decree of reprobation, lifetime (such as increase in ni wasn't dressed cave openings, scandal, to people cooking jokes, to dress up and have decent manners); 2) to prevent the restricted scope (such as not drinking alcohol, so don't cause crime outweighed).
3) have any ritual related to the world?
a/for the Increased Ni:
Someone who wants to export his then after a time as Sa-di approximately 2-3 years, under the suggestion and direction of a master, be specific about life (* 1) in a world forum, before Falling to them (* 2), with three lawyers failed to prove (three mentor, seven witnesses). Teachers Established-ma (kamma) (* 3) then up, asked three times: "today is that the name is X, please follow venerable sufficiency tool named Y, tho. If anyone's willing to raise them her life world, silent, who displease the speak up ". After asking such questions, three times, then the new world and became a Bhikkhu-life without pretentious, called "Platinum Quartet was established-ma Bhikkhu-without pretentious" (* 4). That person must be maintained throughout his life, and each time it's run, it must be charged and confessions by penitence, before some Bhikkhu-without pretentious or alone, depending on the crime of light.
The culture, the 1 St day and Increases each party group meeting each other and Ni to do ceremony, listening and recalling the precepts which, i.e. Three-la-theme-rustic-massage or "moksha".
Free Quartet (pavarana) ceremony is usually held on the last day of the 3 month settling established infrastructure (* 5). On that day, people themselves ask someone else raised the sins he had committed in front of the other, to his Citadel-without pretentious penitence for the net, also known as "arbitrary". The only previous error "for hearing", i.e. prior notice for people to know that he would say their place before Falling to them.
b/for the resident artists:
In the temple are often held feasts "Shou", on the Bowl's son mồng 1, 8, 15, 21 (full moon) lunar calendar, called on Father Slaps (uposatha). " Fasting means "son (jẻne, fasting). In the days of "brother", the singer (male, upasaka, favor-she-; female, upasika, favor-she-di), voluntarily obey 8 (atthanga-sila) in 10 world Sa-di and Sa-7 and 8 Mobile ni: world up as a (not playing or listening to music, dancing, no skips, makeup, wearing the anointing Jasmine jewels), and 9 become world 8 (not high bedluxurious).
4) why the Buddha to create world? And his limitations in any circumstances?
Traditionally, the first in 12 years, the Buddha yet regime out world, because not having what trouble happens in-tank Corps, can cause obstruction to the practice of increasing ni.
But on the 13th year, have triggered chuyện Na-theme-quantum horrified with his ex-wife, so He started the construction world. Every one in the world, he said 10 benefits ("CU") of the world that: "because of the whole event of Increase elderly, 's Chief Justice of the peace, raise them, the growth of the trust, the existing paragraph and destroy negativity in the future ... "
For such, every time an incident happens, he added a world dictatorship, and gradually increased each day a number of world, the majority of the world lightweight and a few are world heavy.
Let's review in the context of heavy world 4 first place (§ 1). But that's just the legend recounted in, hardly verifiable, but they are also equally fun.
a World first: any explicit)
Na-topics-suicide is a disciple of the Buddha appeared, came from a wealthy family. That year was drought crop, the status of hunger, increase them to disperse to the region around khất real. Accidental death-, Na-, on the House passing home khất real. The mother of the child to him, weeping, conjure he stayed, don't export country anymore. He insists on refusing. Finally, his mother left to conjure her nephews to smoke flavor and family ancestry. Because the mother brand, so Na-theme-quantum approved AI yin a moment with former wife, then abandon them without pretentious Bhikkhu-out about with. Idea is stories have done, but since then Norway-theme-death repentance, remorse, eat sleep not yen, body tiều pancreas. Thereupon, the Bhikkhu-without pretentious other asked why, Na-theme-quantum storytelling that for them or. They bring the story up white instant rebuke him, Buddha and create from that world is real, i.e. goods not yet had intercourse, even with his former spouse. For habitation, shall not be adultery, i.e. having illegal sexual intercourse.
b) second: Real World leader
Bhikkhu-without pretentious Forums-ni-ca is the home Barista ceramics, do a painting hut on the mountain to collect firewood in the absence should go see the hut away, taking up about cook stoves wood. When to see the hut was gone, he built up a hut bèn by terracotta, solidly colored red glare. Buddhism sees such protection should he break away, he should wrong the category except the Buddha Bhikkhu-without pretentious other demolished hut. He successively went to the forests of Average-să (Bimsara) and told the Rangers that: "the King has promised for sa-I used to make Coke tu", and then the tree trees leaf Warsaw axe spike discharge awake. Important Court passing found so ask the Ranger, and questioned Dan-ni-ca on the tree the tree one of the King without permission. The story of this trouble to the ear, so he devised was "real data from paediatric procedure" (people don't give do not take), or is real (not đượctrộm theft).
c) third world: real observation
Brewers have some Bhikkhu-Garden on the river without pretentious in She-lambs, tu as impurity to end do restaurant craving. When one sees his body nhớp the stigma, foul hám unbearable, filled with feces, bacteria and more boring than back at nhúc, so the new seek destroy themselves. They ask, "If anyone help we freed from this shall be great blessings lifetimes". A Bhikkhu-Of-force-old without pretentious name-nan-new subjects proposed, is sa, sounded so sailings out pierced the guillotine, as retract as engrossed, to kill themselves is how much the subject of help were freed. After the season, settling on the Citadel-common security without pretentious, but that year the Buddha saw him star that about sparse too. He dispatched the Bhikkhu-without pretentious listens, then go to the place to hear world opening up are some rumors said priests do not know how that kills each other lying LIEH, unbearable smelly. The Buddhist Bhikkhu-without pretentious about transparency, then the Buddha said: "the French Government Is waking up, which they released French flaps". From there, he devised real world observation (not killed), and up the disciples rather consistent defilement by consistent crashing out the window, so don't be bored that ruin the body.
d) World Wednesday: real hope language
That year was drought crop, food, not how much. In a rural area, it has a group of Bhikkhu-without pretentious confer together and figure out a way to be nasty to late hĩnh. One who has demonstrated A-la-Han, gaining many unseen super sub caste, and the other person is right, if such graphics, cosy for the German position is then will be immeasurable. World race each other seemingly nasty, and the group eating the residue. After settling, the season without pretentious about most of the Buddhist Bhikkhu-nấy are chalky, other niches, it is the only group in the hamlet of pinky fat well. The Buddha asks: "The Citadel-without pretentious khất real?". They replied: "well, dear World Religion" Easy. "For! Several other stars is difficult without pretentious Bhikkhu-says that body! very "Secret too, they really are right animal has to lie and deceive the owners. Buddha reprimand them and limit any expectation term (no lie).
So, for every organic resources, i.e. when there happens a what trouble, cause disturbance in life Increases, then writes out a world dictatorship. There are many very fancy, such as:
1-one day, a visitor up to visit a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, not knocking on the door before pushing the door that goes on. Unfortunately had a snake on the SOAP, he fell as he too hoot réo um sùm crisis, turmoil everyone. The story is the white Buddha, Buddha laid out onto the adjoining law before entering the room, others have to ask for permission.
2-A Bhikkhu-without pretentious, for tattoo goes on the people, suddenly saw a woman accomplice could be lying on the bed. He first ran out, plug the crisis too, unfortunately crash to husbands are home. He married his wife and accomplice fled, suspects lion are born, to the Citadel-a root without pretentious. The Buddha from then on devising world go where they must know the khất do know, not always spot on, and to go from two people.
3-also a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, to meet a woman. She lả reply to this charge, found the young handsome, want to be captivated by. She said that if she would not bear to tear the self quào. The Bhikkhu-terrible too, area fled without pretentious. Unfortunately also met her husband's home. He married wife face eyebrow rướm blood, to rabbit card: "this illegal, to make the story should not bear children in the face he quào em". Looking back, seeing Bhikkhu-without pretentious, so he has long fingernails husband no longer suspicious, hitting for a root position Bhikkhu-without pretentious. The Buddha knew this talk, instant processing limit not to long fingernails.
4-the world order is also more fun: such as when sitting in them, not behind hắng to increase; go toilet, do not breathe powerful too ...
5-And the world is not important, but it can cause these problems, disturbance in life increases. Such as the following story narrated in the Bible, in Kosambi (§ 1).
That day, a Theravada shaman (wake up) go shower, bath complete the forgotten legacy bowls pour water. The Theravada lawyer (specializing in teaching Law) bath later, see instant accountability: "so why not pour water master bath complete the excess away? So is guilty of Punching-established-la ". Theravada shaman replied: "well, I was unintentionally, please honestly penitence". Story idea done, but Theravada lawyer again recounted with his disciples, and so rumor is all up, disciple of Theravada shaman sailings tips back to his master. He also felt uncomfortable, he himself was sorry that he's lawyer also made this difficult, it is the fan. Then again, tịnh xá lyrics over, divided into two factions name-calling fiercely. Buddha goes away about seeing bèn taking advice, but not who is who, they also say: "The Sun for fear his, we worry whether our children". Dissuade the Buddha vows not to be custard hug, up the mountain to resort. In it, there's an elephant and a monkey, elephant and monkey man gets young pop too, so well up on the mountain. Because the same plight, so all three are together. Every day, the elephants go get water, fruit of Buddhist monkey get cosy in war stories should give Buddhist monkey and elephant images usually have a cozy atmosphere of Buddha is also to record the conversation. At the net, found almost no residents who came to see him where the Buddhist Federation of reasons. The Bhikkhu-without pretentious answer loud speaker, so the production through upāsaka boycott, embargo of food. Finally, the secret too they must also clearly true and proved very regretful. After you got the error and peace with each other, together they go back occasionally Buddhas.
5) Vinaya was compiled, and consist of the book?
After the Buddha Like Ca removal, about 480 BC, the mass increase elderly, scattered in northeastern India, suddenly in a State of extremely confused, puzzled: there is no one to replace him, and also not have something based up to continue Hong. According to the Pali Scriptures, while some Tibetan Buddhists are adamant lamented, then a Bhikkhu-Canvas without pretentious name is Ananda (Subhadda): "this the gentleness, don't worry as the miserable details! We fortunately getting rid of him Great Sa. He is accustomed to the ear: ' people should be doing this, the people should avoid the faith '. Now, we are free to do what we want, and not be compelled to do what we don't want. " Listen to so, the disciples represent Ca Lettuce (Maha-kassapa) hastily proposed to convene immediately a Conference to set Up group to review and record the teaching of the Buddha.
So, according to legend, the first Conference To gather in Lost Property in the Diep (Rajagriha), of Magadha, with 500 disciples of Buddha which has resulted in A-la-Han (arahat), to jointly review the Foundation Act (vinaya) and France (dhamma). A-nan-da (Ananda), who was the author of the Buddha, and also was the last witness A-la-Han, was given the job of reviewing the sermon of him, and Favor-she-li (Upali) work revise precepts he has devised.
Aggregation (samgiti, hv. Our College litigation) means all sit together and litigation quoted Buddha. A-nan-da or Favor-she-li sits between reading each sentence one: "I hear as reunited (evam maya srutam, hv. like the ego). "If anyone is listening to them in teaching others statements, if not then adopted. So, according to tradition, the first in the Vinaya (vinaya-pitaka) is called the bowl of the litigation, litigation by Favor-she-li to complete 80 times. That had recorded the deed expired, that just lingers in memory and for each other.
Later, about 100 years after the Buddha, kill more, under King Ashoka (Ashoka), increasing the Group begin scattered all over the place, and divided the Group mind and do a lot of maintenance Law has different sections. A Conference Linking second episode was held at Bhikkhu-XA-li (Vaishali) a disagreement about the Precepts, and is also the starting point of a growing rift, divides Buddhism descended into the different factions.
For the majority of the Buddhist Vinaya, are more likely to have had the changes from the first Conference Finals until the second meeting and after further, until it was handwritten on leaf scandal (the first pali in Sri Lanka the I century BC, and the sanskrit Buddhist magazines in India II century AD). So in addition to a core policy initially, and many things outside of gibberish added later.
According to tradition, from a set of laws originally divided up into 6 sets of laws in the various schools (§ 1, 3):
-A set of Copper by pali Ye (Tamrasatiya), used in countries as Primitive (Theravada) PG;
-5 sets are translated into Chinese: PhầnLuật 1) Foursome of organ (or radio-Talks-Germany, Dharmaguptaka), is the most common in countries under PG. The TụngLuật of 2) Necessarily Finite sets (or Slapped-she-da, Sarvastivada), 3) Active Part of the local Culture (or Di-sa-principle, Mahisasaka), 4) Increase States the law of mass (or Ma-ha-steady-States, Mahasanghika), Organic Law 5) of Da-du-la Necessarily Finite sets (Mula-sarvastivada), used by PG to Tibet and Mongolia.
See compromise, then the set of laws that are the same on the primary points, only different on some more random bits. Also, the comment will also appear on the law.
When Buddhism spread to China, he Directed Propaganda Section of law as the basis taking the Quartet, and the enlightenment should Ritsu. From that quarter-Sections of law thrive, and in Vietnam from ancient to the present administrative Law Section also used to quarter-finals.
Four Law Sections, including 60 book can divided into 2 parts:
-Part 1 is about obligations of raised, i.e. 250 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni.
-Part 2 includes 20 Hopea-degree (chapter), on the regulation of the life world, world, crime, penitence, settling, quartets ..., about clothing, medicine, defense, and some stories time Buddha.
6) breaking world, light? How to resolve?
Under The law, an obligation of Tu Raised World was divided into 8 categories: 1) or Ba-la-di; 2) Increased persecution; 3); 4) Discharge an; 5 an Application); 6) Exchange too; 7) or French; 8) Removal to avoid. (§ 1, 3)
Stand in terms of light, then the world's Rising Ni can be divided into 3 types:
The world's heaviest-A), it shall take as a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, not how that salvage.
-B) into the world badly, then as a Bhikkhu-without pretentious just left a bit to be dispatched, charged and confessions by Bhikkhu locations without pretentious new eager 20-salvage.
-C) the medium or light, just be confessions, penitence is enough, alone or before a certain Bhikkhu-without pretentious, depending on the crime.
As such, the duty of the world includes 250 world Bhikkhu-without pretentious, divided into (§ 1, 4):
-Type a: 4 three-la-di (parajika) or Extreme evil, còngọi is the "gas" means to dispose of. This was the heaviest offence is discarded, expelled from Falling. Crime also known as Ma won (Ma Wang WINS) or Tha win (which was another winner herself), or is "the head", i.e. no longer participate in the work of the Group Increases. Ba-la-di consists of 4 modern pornography, sexual offences: 1), i.e. the intercourse with others, and even with all the same faction, with animals; 2) taken by people not to, theft; Network 3) murdered people, accomplice of murder, and even encourage the dead; 4 great expectations), i.e. having impersonated God.
-Type b: 13 world Falling ruins (old-she-or-contest-sa, sanghadisesa) is guilty also weighed, but can also salvage, by eligible 20 Bhikkhu-right Law without pretentious Established-ma and penitence. In this world there are about 13 related to sexuality, accomodation and split up (breaking up).
-Indeterminacy (aniyata) is guilty not unequivocally is heavy or medium, between three-la-di, a ruthless and three-thread-was inaugurated. There are 2 estate plan related to the world of pornography (sitting in that box or space with female celebrities, and say vulgar, illegal).
-Class C, are the following:
-Discharge of an (or Ni-slaps-three-thread, nissaggiya pacittiya inaugurated--) consists of 30 crimes related to the buildup of unauthorized objects such as clothing, medicine, food, money. One offender was then to take it out remove items before Falling to discharge them (4 people), and please a Bhikkhu-penitence before without pretentious.
-An (or three-inaugurated-theme, pacittiya) consists of 90 charges as minor expected language, defamatory, violent, killing insects, greed, drinking, playing with the bad, go along the road with female celebrities ... Guilty, only to an only, not to discharge.
-Exchange too (or three-la-topics-far-ni, patidesaniya), also called the direction of Belgium, consists of 4 world light is related to food. This offender just directed to a Bhikkhu-without pretentious other say guilt and asking for penitence.
-They study (or massage-Ca-la-ni, sikkha-karaniya) subject to Sudden-established-la, sekhiya, including 100 French, i.e. the article should learn, should apply in daily living, the dread ritual is picked up. The Crime Fighting-established-la lightweight but very easy, however, as the scope and then just penitence and promise not re-offending.
-Avoid (adhikarana-samatha) Genocide, also subject to Sudden-established-la, including 7 method to end the discord between them increases.
Gender duty of Citadel-without pretentious ni slightly different (§ 1, 4):
-Ba-la-di has 8 instead of 4.
In addition to 4 world Three-la-di Bhikkhu-4 world again without pretentious then also add is: 5) infected mind massage touches: "along with the male who also have mental pollution, body touching each other, from the armpit to the knee, or squeeze or massage, or pull or push, or massage or massage over or under, or closing down the Bong, or holding up or removal"; August 6): mind pollution "along with man also responsible for mind pollution, holding hands, clothing, General, occult, standing on the place in General, go to General, the body relies, together dating"; 7) hide cover Three-la-di of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni; 8) as a tributary rising electoral offences.
To Italy's two world 5 and 6, if right then without pretentious Bhikkhu-lighter, i.e. Increasing persecution, not Three-la-di.
-Increase remains: there are 17 instead of 13
-No Real definition
-Exchange too: there are 8 instead of 4
-An: there are 178 instead of 90
A total of 348 (over 40%) without pretentious Bhikkhu-.
Especially Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni left still must adhere to Eight bowel syndrome (gurudhamma). also known as the Bowl Weight (* 6). According to legend, 5 years after rising Union Bhikkhu-established without pretentious, Ms. Ma-ha-ba-SOAP-three-title (Mahapajapati Gotami), aunt and adoptive mother of the Buddha, along with 500 women's line, they like to implore the Buddha allowed the monk and founded the Ni group. She craved Buddha three times, but all three times were rejected. Finally, thanks to the advocacy of Ananda, the Buddha agreed, but the condition is Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni must adhere to Eight bowel syndrome. The Bowl measures 8 Charter Dizzy lowered position of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, Bhikkhu-right dress tòng Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, Ni them without pretentious place and under the auspices of the Increase.
In summary, according to the Vinaya has many world Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-ni-without pretentious without pretentious, if not tho keep correctly, extremely difficult. Super: "speaking as HT Friendly if we remove throughout his life to study law is uncertain to understand the corner, it's meticulously. If there are many corner case patient Center also just to except beings. The karma of beings it corner like that, should He have to meticulously to except it limitations "(§ 1).
And in fact, when it's processing and flexible confessions, reproduces in theory much (* 7).
7) About what role in the practice of personal?
The purpose of the world, on principle, is to "evil" rooms only, i.e. the non-prevention of the unlawful and harassing the pre-loss evil, and evil is "just work", i.e. pre-loss evil and accomplishments of the heal. As well as teaching the Buddha in the Dhammapada, 183, reiterated by the teacher box Chao: "evil Mac friendly, Our Client Service Executive, self, The vassal States of meditation Buddhist" (do not do evil, the achievement of healthy, keep the net bar, then lettered Buddhist teachings woke up).
It should also be noted that world is not just a merely prohibition (do not do this, do not do it) be negative, which implies both a positive nature of popping up due to the delay itself. Such delay would do the world not popping up compassion, not stealing the Bell, not the honest liar, not the net bar, not drunk the Awakening (§ 5).
In fact, the essence of Buddhism is a path of liberation rather than a system of morality, pedantic, banning people do this, forcing people to do it. The two words "evil" and "good" are also not in Buddhism origins, which was borrowed from Chinese to translate two Pali "akusala" and "kusala". " Akusala "include the Italian wants to cause bad karma (kamma-cetana), go along with 3 apartments (mula) bad (lobha), embezzlement (dosa) and si (moha). In contrast, "kusala" the good karma to triggers, comes along with good 3 apartments is not participating (alobha), pitch (adosa = metta, from) and si (amoha = pañña, hue). So then what "evil" is the bad bad people taken to the result, the impurity (kilesa), suffering, and what "good" is better taken to the characters well, left the negativity, suffering genocide (§ 5).
In Central Beijing, 78, the Buddha declares: "create good karma (kusala-sila)? That's the impact body (kaya-kamma), impact (vaci-kamma), impact (mano-kamma), and the first bar in the way of living, which is called the world. "
For him, to release compositions độnghay (cetana) is even more important: "This the Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Italy (cetana) is what is known as the action, because the human mind is through the cooperative actions by themselves, export, Italy ... "(Rising Costs More, VI, 63). Other than the Brahmin and The-na (jaïn), the Buddhist concept that only deliberate action, while new forms of action not created accidentally. Therefore, the importance of the world, the great world heavy or light, depending on the impact, in human consciousness in each case.
World are closely related with the two subjects "pirated" is Defined (samadhi) and Hue (pañña). College Bowl Nirvana Sutra has the Buddha: "Recalling the lyrics will confer great benefits and results if developed with world, Hui will bring great benefit to the result and if developed with. Development with Lily will escape the pirated or (asava), education (kamasava), smuggled pirated (bhavasava), tri (ditthasava) and knowledge of smuggled pirated ignorance (avijjasava) ". In eight Districts (atthangika-magga), then Chief Justice, Chief Justice, Chief of the network in the world; the Chief effort, mindfulness, Chief to belong To; Chief Architect, works thinking on Hue (§ 5).
Because "mind leads the French" (Dhammapada, Business 1), so the world can see is a starting point, a phase of the practice: thanks for the new Center should hold World, thanks to the new Hue, Hue should be freed.
Monks often pirated or original left much, so need to be interested in all activities of the Italian cooperation, export, Italy Must self-control, self-restraint don't let mind let go of lung, pollution by the pirated or popping up, and the ones that nowadays is called the "negative emotions". That is the function of the precepts of three la-MOC-massage (free world) set off for the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni. The precepts are viewed as means of Regent Centre given by Buddha: as received many precepts i.e. more favor on the path of liberation.(§ 1)
According to HT, "great Imagination, precepts of the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni has 2 parts: part 1 is about the law, part 2 is dread. Part 1 is the world prohibition truly sin, part 2 is the world prohibition movements inappropriate. News as gases can say is both the precepts, the French can say is suspected both. dread Also the other world is world of law, there is dread, there is both. All such ceremonial precepts and dread constitutes a religious center ranks Them. About many things to some, as the law says that Quad, hễ "minimum education student knowledge" (ham, know enough), accompanied by "Tam you" (know the disgrace), then keep the most, including the opening price (and limitations) of each world to also find out and keep the whole "(§ 4).
5 final Sa-di and Sa-di, as well as 3 world's last day "bowl of life residents who are boys" also went in the spirit of "sufficiency", minority education tri aims to focus the mind on tu, not so distracted by earthly scene and the most fun.
Say so then Law inseparable from France, and the law is a part of the Dhamma by Buddha likes to leave. Let's listen to the shelves the last of him before entering the Great bowl of Nirvana:
"Little Bhikkhu-without pretentious!
Keep mindfulness, the senses,
Tri world, mind, photography.
One effort in France and this law,
Will left round birth, termination of suffering "
(College Bowl Experience Nibbana in pali).
8) had the benefit of social life, community?
Social, community, then we must distinguish two types of world:
-5 world common to all Buddhists, also called "Tanh" or "natural" (pakati-sila), and
-the world dedicated to increase ni, is the world's "unconventional" (pannati-sila) (§ 5).
Five world joint for the Buddhists called moral naturalism, because shared by many different cultural traditions. If compare with 10 "imperative" (commandements, commandments) divine given Moïse (Moses) on Mount Sinai, according to Jewish tradition and In Christianity, then we noticed last order 4 is no different to 4 first Buddhism: "Thou shall not kill; not be adultery; not theft; No witness cheating ".
Compliance of the forbidden world or this course very imperative that the benefits for human populations, social. Can say they are the cornerstone of the peace, the Pacific between humans. Try to imagine a society in which all people are kept in world: do not kill, do not steal, no lies, no adultery, not to say addiction, then society will peace, know how much!
The difference is that for the Buddhists, it is not the order of God or of a power, which is exactly the way to choose to liberation and happiness. According to HT Sound From, "not a lot of wealth, love, etc ... is human happiness. Happy is the people that live to know more, learn to respect the happiness of people, knowing the true compassion. A civilized nation is a people know to respect the lives of each other, respect for the fundamental freedoms of the people. Thus, this world is fundamentals bring happiness to people, building people live correctly the meaning of civilization of mankind. In the basic ethics of the Buddhists, the start of footsteps on the path of enlightenment. " (§6)
Precepts for the increased ni has other benefits. As well as explanation of the Buddha when he devised a world: "Because the whole event of Increase elderly, 's Chief Justice of the peace, raise them, the growth of the trust, the existing paragraph and destroy negativity in the future ... "precepts not only helpful to the practice of each person, but also the need for unity, safety net Increase. Gender duty can be viewed as a rules aimed at keeping discipline within an organization and must be respected by all members. Such an obligation in the world are French, Bhikkhu-without pretentious is the study, should apply in daily living, and destroy to avoid, is the method to resolve the discord between them increases.
In principle, while "Tanh", i.e. 5 gender basics, created (when killed, the result will be ..., when the theft, the result will be ..., when adultery, then the result will be ... etc), then the precepts of "unconventional", dedicated to growth, not created, or rather created industry neutralno evil does not heal (§ 5).
But look carefully again, then we will see the precepts of "unconventional" created, there are no precepts. For example if two world Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni Pham Ba-la-di 5 and 6: "along with the South's mind pollution, body touching, massage, Bong together, holding hands, etc", was created because the industry is likely to entice to go further, to sexual relations. But if just going along the road, sitting together, see each other, no mind pollution, there is the world and create industry? That is the difficulty of the limit between the offense and not breaking the world.
9) why there are many precepts concerning sexuality, influence of such male-female relations?
From the story the Buddha instituted a limit of any pornography due to Na-title-Prince of Miss Grace with his ex-wife, we can draw an important lesson: the purpose of "pornography" is just to solve a psychological problem. If Na-title-only horrified with his ex-wife, then forget, not even feel guilt ballast Classifieds by and continue austerities as old, then where is the problem? But poor so people born when had sex and then there is heterosexism, heterosexism and then be ballast the Classifieds, all are inextricably interrelated, and as well as physiology and psychology, impossible to separate.
To steep practice Center towards liberation, Buddha has chosen for himself and his disciples export path. Exporting country is left family, living a single life is not binding, a place paint Cup or between a mass increase elderly in the monastery. Because once had been the dominant sex, heterosexism, United family, wife hardly to be interested, keep the mind to stillness.
That is the reason of "pornography", i.e. for people migrating from the Buddhists were not unlawful sexual intercourse, and for Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni without pretentious-not having sex with anyone, and even with animals (three-la-di or gas 1).
But we can wonder why for exporting countries to have many precepts concerning sex and male-female relationships like that? Such side-there are 25 world without pretentious Bhikkhu (1, 2, 5, Increase Uncertainty, 12 2 An Exchange too, 3 of them), Citadel-ni had 37 world without pretentious (3, 3, 3, 28 An Increase Them) plus 8 bowel syndrome, the genus is 45 wide. Why have multiple world about sex with the small details, so li picked up?
The reason is probably the Buddha and the lawyer has already proved very wall of physiological and psychological relationship to sex. As well as science today has clearly demonstrated, sex is a fierce energy of life due to the fertility of every creature. Proverbs have had the phrase "explosive", near the straw, and the giant Strong has also used the phrase "real" life expectancy and women to do the fence prevented the intimacy between men and women.
In the pali Scriptures, Nibbana Bowl Representatives also noticed a piece of exchange between A-nan-da and the Buddha:
-"White World Religions, we must behave how for women?
-This A-nan-da, please avoid look upon them.
-But The Sun, if we see them, then how?
-This A-nan-da, please avoid talking to them.
-The Sun, if we have to talk to them, then what to do?
-This A-nan-da, if talk, they must beware, beware. "
In fact, the authenticity of this exchange very suspicious areas, for two reasons: 1) this question what incoherence with the question posed by A-nan-momentum before and after that (about the sanctuary, manners with humiliation to the Buddha), 2) upholding A-nan-da was too old (this being the same day cousin with Buddha), and has nearly reached the Holy fruits A La Chinese, so how can education excellence by? Therefore, the Exchange was added later by the author of the post, to clear up the precautionary undertakings, of their escapism for women.
The compiled Precepts also admit that about sex, this may entice to the other story, such as when a male a female met where absent Qu, then maybe they will flirt with each other, and portable handheld foot, and then gradually go further ...
Therefore, everything related to the body possible aphrodisiac place yourself or others is prohibited. Especially for Citadel-the world banned without pretentious ni, such as: "don't wear rising States (underwear), River bathing, nude thighs, sit xoạc, joke giỡn does cover sealed themselves in the residence, went to shake his designs, eating garlic, makeup, wearing jewellery, aromatherapy, listen to digital music anointing, thanks to the massage," even as "using too much water net work (wash down)3 spot, shaved, "also are not allowed to because there is the possibility to masturbation ...(§ 4)
Because want to spit take root every craving, want to cancel all the opportunity taken to explicit sex, so the compiled Precepts were going into details about laws regarding sex and male-female relationships between Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni, male and female residents.
Of course, at that point, they do not doubt that as science proved today, masturbation is not a disease, which is a natural form of sex, especially in young age filled plastic life, when the mind brain is strongly influenced by the sex hormones.
Surely had raised the young were ballast inner (Interior) classified by the conflict between instinct and some world laws regarding sex. At any time, they can suffer squeeze mops (refoulé) is more than the bar high (sublimer), according to the words of Freud, until reaching the bar high indeed with time age, when sexual energy began to die.
10) precepts are should change or not?
In the history of the development of Buddhism, there was disagreement about the Precepts of popping out very early, leading to the Conference Finals for the second episode in the Bhikkhu-XA-li (Vaishali), about 100 years after the Buddha Park Chairman, aimed at redoubling precepts.
Story happens as Da-XA (Yasha), a Presbyterian of increased Western, Vaishali, see increase the group goes through the Orient in this range to 10 to the precepts, including drinking, eating out and earning money, there should be no reprimand. But the Group Citadel-Vaishali sought without pretentious, and he bribed chase him out of the city. He seamlessly informing some elders and convene a Conference to look at things according to the precepts. The result is the ruling group without pretentious Bhikkhu-Vaishali breaking the law, and they must receive the error prior to increase them. But this group of Bhikkhu-without pretentious, younger and more Eastern, do not recognize this ruling and together the files again individually, taking the name Mahasangiti (Mass College Litigation) and later the Mahasanghika (Mass), separate from the other is the Sthaviravada (Is). This event, as well as the story recounted in Kosambi, proves that the Precepts can be a reason of serious split between Increases, and can cause harm rather than benefit to the practice.
About 5 world basics of the Buddhists, no one denied the need for and the benefits for themselves as well as for our society, and therefore also not a few suggested changes, except to add some details to suit the times, as 1) ... do not kill animalsdon't harm the environment, nature, Earth; 2) ... do not distort, hideout, concealed the truth, 3) ... do not steal, no corruption, no fraud, 4) ... don't ruin other people's happy family through illegal situation, 5) ... no smoking, drug addiction or drug, do not use the chemicals cause neurological disorders.
In contrast, with regard to the world for Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni, i.e. Three-la-theme-rustic-massage (Liberation), the change is set out, for a number of reasons:
1) Of precepts too much, making the Law becomes a complicated, boring. Risky, as well as the French often says: "many laws too killing laws" (lois tue trop de la loi), so too many precepts would make the austerities belittled, and see the required learning the law only as a form of regularity.
2) many of the precepts of obsolete, and can only be applied in the condition of living at the time of Buddha, 25 centuries ago. The world law suit Indian customs, but there is no reason to apply elsewhere, such as "do not eat half in her mouth, half to addition to" because the Indians eating by hand, while others use chopsticks or a fork.
3) majority of the precepts are the world's lightest, is picked up, gibberish, not needed. Such as "don't FLOSS, hỉ nose towards the Buddha". If you want to focus on what's important, primarily a way of adjustment, then one must leave the secondary world, is picked up, not needed.
4) the disparity between the treatment too markedly without pretentious and Bhikkhu-without pretentious Bhikkhu-ni, between men and women, when the Citadel-348 world without pretentious ni must hold, plus Eight bowel syndrome, while the Bhikkhu-250 just keep having sex without pretentious. There is also a newly obsolete, just go against the spirit of equality of Buddhism, expressed in the first sentence of the Diamonds weak Precepts: "Bhikkhu-Citadel-without pretentious without pretentious, although Tan though former, nuns on the precepts can result in uniform" (§ 1).
This has led to a number of Buddhist studies reset problem the moment appearing and the process of formation of the Vinaya, the hypothesis is that a significant number of precepts for Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni has added about 1-2 hundred years after the Buddha President kill by lawyer males.
In most civilizations, until recently, the society was organized according to the system of patriarchal power in which males are primarily for attitude "important South horizon" is still considered normal, even in religious organizations. But with the evolution of society and the influence of Western culture, the struggle for women's rights and gender equality has become a powerful and has achieved some notable achievements. In advanced countries respected human rights, discrimination by gender is considered illegal, as well as racism or the minority in society.
Recently, Buddhism was very popular and many people go by in the Western media, but one thing people often do not fancy Western was the lack of equality between men and women in this respect, if don't want to Increase and Ni say is abuse, female, yellowing was expressed in special duty without pretentious ni and Bowl Bhikkhu-bowel syndrome.
Of course, when the problem changes Precepts, is an incredibly important issue, then there are a number of austerities, especially in educational, opinionated, and gotten rid of this opinion are based on the following arguments:
1 issue Precepts of Increase) and Ni is the internal problem of mass Increase-the elder (sangha), extramarital sex to upāsaka Buddhists. Change the law or not is the world's oldest, and only Increase-Increase-new old has the right to decide.
2) Precepts are devised by the Buddha, so people do not have the power to change, as well as do not have the power to change the classic, is the teaching of the Buddha. Precepts and has existed from the year 2500, how many generations have been Raised and maintained in such a world of life, something to change?
3) If you want to change precepts, then who is competent to change? Buddhism does not have a Pope as the Catholic party, and even Germany, the Dalai Lama, also just who leads the Tibetan Gelugpa sect's only, but can not decide for all Buddhist institutions in the world.
To reply to those arguments, we should reiterate that:
1) Falling-old, is one of the jewels, not only including the austerities, but also including all the resident singer at the ("four"). All have rights and duties involved in improvement of Buddhism, if that proved necessary. From past to present, still play an important role in Buddhist activities and in endurance of Buddhism, as well as in the story happens in Kosambi.
2) one important thing has been recorded in the Scriptures, is before the Buddha Like genocide, he has based Singer told for A Ananda, the closest disciple of him: "is this A Ananda, after we go, if Increased delegation wanted, drop in World Luậtnhững small things picked up, insignificant" (Nirvana Sutra College Bowl in Pali).
Very possible that the Buddha has remembered the story in Kosambi, between two Theravada, a person who has committed a little picked up, got the error and asking for penitence, but the other to bigotry, crime on "world banned player" (shilabbata paramasa), so the result is caused disturbance and dissension in the Increase. As well as medicines, the world is picked up can cause harmful side effects than the disease, and in that case will need to be removed.
But when the Great American Lettuce (Maha-kassapa), in the Conference finals the first episode, A-nan-da gặn asked that such things, then the author does not know the answer, because at that time the Buddha incredibly effortless should not dare to ask next. Great American Lettuce plants rebuke A Ananda about it, and took a very important decision for the established Precepts later: "The Religious things not produced out of Germany, then there is more; The Religious things Germany has built up, then keep intact, do not change ".
So, can say that those who want to keep the Precepts, the former as the Buddha, then take the perspective of the Great American Lettuce. Also those who want to change the World, progressive Legislation, dismissed small things picked up, not needed, new truth is loyalty to the lyrics suggest the last of the Buddha.
It is said that Buddhism is "ideal", which serves as the base, which serves as the path "option, invariant". If so, the spirit that must be made in a particular way, by modernizing Buddhism, making Buddhism adapted to new environmental circumstances, because social customs have changed too much. Unless is obtained as a artifacts in museums, Buddhism cannot avoid shifts, rotating between pleasing life.
Precepts by the Buddha 2500 years ago devised in India may not fit with the society today, that has permanently.
What's hard is who will be the head of the convent, propose additional revisions needed there, and whether they will be in response to widespread?
11) currently has suggested changing the Precepts?
In Taiwan, since several years now has been a movement to cancel Eight bowel syndrome, initiated by Ni. This movement every day a spread and can have several reasons:
1-the spirit of equality and women have become popular in Taiwan society and cannot avoid affecting the Increase of Romanian troops.
2-Buddhism in Taiwan is somewhat being "secularization" by the thought of the school Raised.
3-Buddhism of Taiwan are not organized according to the Church, which was organized by sectarianism, each sectarian developed independently and has its own rules.
4-power of ni world Taiwan gradually grew and took over the currently dominant in all areas: Organization, diplomatic, cultural, social, etc. (§ 7).
In response to these arguments the French conservatives advocate, said that the Dizzy Bat rules this is not rigorous is outside the purpose of protecting women, then these advocates dismissed the French claimed that eight Bowl bowel syndrome that are outdated and no longer reason to exist in society today.
In the Philippines, instead of calling the Remove Method, the teacher Dizzy Bat Thich Nhat Hanh devised to Increases Bowl bowel syndrome (§ 8), i.e. the duty of a Bhikkhu-without pretentious for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, but who also understand that ni is to establish equality between men and women and Ni.
In fact, things that Zen master Nhat Hanh eyeing is wider, and began almost 50 years now. It is the educational institutional tu adjust, aimed at modernizing Buddhism and Buddhism come into his life. In the book "Buddhist modernization", published in 1965 in the U.S., I suggest two monastic Buddhist, Could enter and the Next line is Present (§ 9).
For the line to be Added, the appearance properties, intensive spiritual experience and doctrine, "precepts will be simplified, and tu adjust to fit more with lifestyle monastery. Two hundred and fifty world will rest of approximately thirty world basics and essentials. Academic study tu adjust precepts must be viewed as necessary and appropriate to the spirit which serves as the basis of Buddhism. None living in a social way of Buddha social Vietnam lifestyle that is still the old lifestyle precepts. Many terms in the precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious was no longer trendy; the rising artist does have life Bhikkhu-without pretentious recognise as such. So there is no reason that the increase in order Entry does not convene a meeting to study the life and precepts of the tu adjust.
Here we do not dare venture to suggest a ban black new laws for the world in order To Enter, because doing it will for a Congress of correction by the monastery undertakings precepts. But we can say that the world will act very simple and would be Mahayana mind, means no Bollywood formula and superficial. Actually live in a monastery May Enter, do not need the precepts, but just a discipline by the setting out of seclusion to allow for location to avoid all obstacles "(§ 9).
For the Next line, enter the nature, to bring Buddhism comes into his life, serve for society, "they will be the life world — their precepts are not precepts made the entry, which is the world of law. World law's mind about-bringing the way of the bodhisattva, manifest the spirit of compassionate wisdom of Buddhism, Buddhist philosophy of action (§ 9). "
Interbeing was founded by Zen master Nhat Hanh in 1966 in pH, and from Shume Mai Hamlet, in France, has developed in many countries around the world, especially in Western monastic comprising them.: export, export and the American South, in the South and in the female, and were led by the 14 World Followed so far (* 8) (§ 8). Of course, the presence of people in the household, families in a monastic Buddhism not accepted by traditional public opinion easily. However, for some order in Tibet and Japan, allowing increased singer married, then that is a normal thing, and today the Catholic side in the Western dialect has a movement called for the cancellation of the obligatory priestly celibacy.
In rural areas, five world Shume Mai base also was replaced by "five world tu", in order to respect and to protect the lives, environment, family, true happiness, the harmonious society and the awakening of ourselves, and the world Sa-10 and Sa-di di also modernized, but still retain the original spiritual framework.
About the world of the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious-ni (or male and female officers Khất Khất), then TS Nhat Hanh along with The Church Tho Shume Mai Hamlet has established an obligation of tu Khất sĩ New World (The Revised Pratimoksha), after consultation with the various lawyers as well as head of the Senate increase in Vietnam and overseas. About this new obligations were published on 31/3/2003 at the Central Institute of the University Old Growth Seoul, South Korea. World number remains the same (250 for Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 to the Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni), but there are significant changes, and some old world was replaced by the world involve the media in the new era, such as cars, phones, radio, television, computers, the Internet, etc (* 1) (§ 8).
Conclusion
The purpose of the Buddhist Precepts in mind, not outside, master mind to towards enlightenment, moksha. Understand so then the law is located in France, France, not far from the left. The Buddhists when Chapel holds the world aware that it is a French sports school for yourself, to monasteries helps her effort on the path of intellectual property, but nothing else.
Often, people prone to routine by taking, pitch, si, and while still young by sex, so should refrain themselves to delay sex. There's a new Centre, there are to be new born To the Hue. Work, avoid bad things, then the new Center bar first.
In the base of the Buddhist world is the world, the world of Tanh "naturally", popular, valuable in all civilizations and of all time, couldn't be any shortcomings. Apply in world that will avoid many sufferings, bring as many security for people and society.
The world added for Sa-di and Sa-di ni, CU singer Shou's son just Bowl aimed at promoting psychological slope Simulator, tu "minimum exercise, tri sufficiency", not to be distracted by the fun time.
The problem arises with three-la-theme-rustic-massage (freed), consisting of 250 precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious and 348 of the precepts Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni (in the Mahayana), plus Eight bowel syndrome. These precepts were built out from the time of the Buddha, each triggered an incident in Rising, and as well as laws in the world, these laws are piled up, each day a lot better.
Such number of precepts for Increased Ni becomes too much, with about 2-3 dozen of important (Ba-la-di and brutal), but most of these precepts is picked up, the meticulous nature corner, or outdated. Moreover, although French was bolstered Bowl bowel syndrome how, inequalities between men and women and Gender duty Bhikkhu-without pretentious without pretentious ni also highlights Bhikkhu-up markedly.
In fact, the concept of conservatism is still relatively common in Buddhism, because people still distinguish the appearance and life, and in part, male and female monks, so the precepts of more women than men, and rigorous joining more and more rigorous in the country, is considered normal. But if not left to be understood from his life, as well as interested non-removable from relatives, not split away from the Lotus was muddy, and all are equal to Buddhist Tanh as, then left the reason for that distinction?
World, society has changed so much, and requires an appropriate chemical, modernized constantly in every field. From the few dozen this year, the phenomenon of globalization and the spread of Buddhism in Western media as a new movement Falun, is the power to promote Buddhism to innovations, preserve and develop the essence, its framework (including the main precepts), and gotten rid of those cumbersome, Misc., outdated, go against the principle of equality of the era, i.e. the precepts is picked up, not needed.
We must reiterate that the Buddha Like Ca prior to membership Chair has also suggest the disciples as "possibly removed those precepts is picked up, insignificant".
So, tu adjust Three-la-theme-rustic-massage, put away the bowl is not opposed to Dizzy France Germany The Religion that the contrary is faithful to the words told his final.
It is not the job of the monks, Buddhist leaders, that is the job of all Buddhists, a large scale exercise, meeting again all the Church worldwide, with the Secretary of the Senate as well as the young, in an Increase Ni Congress Buddhist global aggregation of the new era. Will definitely be popping up the disagreement, and sometimes will have spent tens years later established a duty complete with the consensus of the majority Buddhists.
However, so well rather than a single, sporadic works of a few courageous individuals, whether they are pioneering a cardinal of the Church, or Organization of the school come. A church built by the entire Buddhist world ever also quieter and more sustainable.
But also-and the possibility that no less-is Buddhism would never be a Buddhist unique and uniform, will always diverse with many, many different sects, as well as developing from originally, shortly after Germany The Religious genocide.
Trinh Nguyen Phuoc
Olivet, 02/10/2011
Caption:
(* 1) Sufficiency tool life (upasampada) is getting the full world (stuff about = full). Only the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu-ni-without pretentious without pretentious stuff about new life. People please Shou world called "world". When the "world" (also in French, as devised by the Buddha) was to increase them "white ghost", the Quartet was established-the world Prince put it on and then it turns into "world", and hence emits "happier", exports, both French, maintained the same spiritual precepts, simultaneously appear "General"modern externally, dread to see someone who has kept the world is well known.
(* 2) According to the Vinaya, the Union wants to be called a steady increase in Union legal, official, they must have at least 4 position Bhikkhu-specific objects without pretentious have tho. Usually a steady group consisting of 20 Bhikkhu locations-without pretentious is a rising group can do all things according to the law, such as the world Organization, Self sufficiency tool life (pavarana) on each end of an CU, etc. In a steady, usually have some common law Bhikkhu-without pretentious, mastering Precepts (at least 3 years), called the lawyers.
(* 3) Established-ma or Throat-ma (p., s. karma kamma) means, is the Act of intentionally (action volontaire) of the individual or collective. In law, when they gathered for World Growth, voting something, then the call is Established-ma. Established-ma is such a voting method to handle the Increase in Job Corps.
(* 4) "Platinum Quartet was established-ma" is used when voting for important matters such as the insurance stuff seriously world, to ask our opinion Raises three times (once white, three times was established-ma). What's not important, then use "white II" (a white, once Established-ma). If only raised the issue for mass without voting opinions are referred to as "white".
(* 5) Settle: the Citadel-without pretentious in the rainy season three months to pull together in a safety net clinic (vihara), rather than going off here, stroll plant khất to not crush up insects, undermining the grass plant. Frequently happens in summer, so called "an established resident representatives".
(* 6) that Legal rules 8 as follows: Bowl bowel syndrome
1. A Bhikkhu-ni, despite hundreds of years of age without pretentious land must also be respected Bhikkhu-without pretentious. When encountering a Bhikkhu-without pretentious to stand up, bow ceremony and the correct permission Danh rule.
2. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni is not an established infrastructure in local residents do not have the Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
3. every half month, Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni must wait them Bhikkhu-without pretentious decided to Declare holidays and hours Bhikkhu-without pretentious Slaps to education world.
4. After settling, Bhikkhu-right front quarter without pretentious ni Rose ni please about: two see, hear and question.
5. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni guilty Falling ruins to make France the penitence Ma-na-đỏa (manatta) before two raised them in half a month.
6. after learning French in two years, six world Bhikkhu-sufficiency tool life right without pretentious ni prior two raised them.
7. in any case, a Bhikkhu-ni was not without pretentious or heavy lyrics for clapperclaw Bhikkhu-without pretentious.
8. Bhikkhu-without pretentious ni no right to rebuke, election crimes Bhikkhu-without pretentious. In contrast, Bhikkhu-right crimes without pretentious be without pretentious Bhikkhu-ni.
(* 7) For example want convicted Three-la-di, they must meet the elements, such as: the object is, to die for real, who committed intentionally, awake (lettered utopian is ghosts, demons ...). And while Three-la-di is guilty, on the principle to eliminate outside Increases, but in the case of repentance, remorse (only for Bhikkhu-without pretentious, Bhikkhu-ni was not without pretentious), also please allow 20 Bhikkhu locations Established-ma ago to study Ba-la-without pretentious-di. Allowed to study Ba-la-di (a form of penitence) and then, when he was in the temple, but was not allowed to attend to the work of the Group Increases.
In addition, there are 6 cases of crime Increase dramatically, probably to penitence with 20 Bhikkhu-without pretentious, just before a Bhikkhu-without pretentious, speak up his sins shall be net bar. That's when the culprits who understood Business, law or Reasoning, the Theravada elders, who represents Germany or the blessing of "Tam you" (disgrace).
(* 8) 14 World Next is:
1. do not worship idols a libertarian theory, including the theory of nationalism and Buddhism. The system of doctrines in Buddhism must be aware as those disciplines are the instructions that no absolute truth.
2. don't saddle position that knowledge alone we have is the real truth to become unchangeable heritage capital and narrow-minded. Always learning attitude and openness to bankruptcy acceptable reception point of others. To lifelong learning as a search.
3. Do not force the people by themselves, any way. To respect the freedom of others.
4. don't escape from suffering, closed his eyes before suffering and lost consciousness about the suffering of life. To look to the suffering.
5. Not set one of four things, interests, talents, as the main goal of his life. Happy to learn to think of other guys tri sufficiency.
6. do not keep anger and resentment. To be consistent, compassionate to forgive all those who caused anger and resentment understanding of themselves, right after her understanding arises.
7. don't say the words can create disharmony and disintegration in unions. To apply AI language to mediation all duty discord, whether large or small.
8. don't lie to the pursuit of financial gain and the glass. Don't say the words divisive, hatred; the transmission was not yet know, Taiwan is real; don't criticize and condemn the things that he did not know for sure. Have to say the words true and valuable building.
9. don't live a life from suffering too with these guys. To live life tri, casual but not eccentric.
l0. Not taking advantage of Buddhism. to keep the bar high Buddhism personality of his theoretical ideas.
11. don't live by the TA mission. To choose the career salary, especially the trades could help yourself accomplish the ideal of Buddhist Compassion Relief line.
12. not be murdered human network, deprecated the guillotine kill. To find every possible way to protect human life.
13. don't be taken as proprietary ones money and wealth illegally. Must protect proprietary other guys but must know to prevent the perpetrator enriched a dishonesty and on the suffering of the masses.
14. no adultery, no advantage did not clean the others. Must be clean and must know the protection for the clean.
(* 9) In the world of the Khất sĩ Restoration obligation of tu, including: the World without pretentious Bhikkhu-Shedding (4), Increasing Butts (27), let go and Reveal (32), Reveal (110), Our World (70), Kill avoid (7). The world of the Bhikkhu-without pretentious Ni include: World Shedding (8), the World Body Rise Rescue (36), let go and Reveal (40), Reveal (142), World Prestigious Facilities (they) (115), Kill Avoid (7). For details, please go to:END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.( TAM THANH ).MHDT.12/5/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
No comments:
Post a Comment