History of Buddhism - Buddhist World History

Written by Thich Thien Hoa

On the ... Religion, Philosophy, Ideology and the Indian society at that time also held a very chaotic scene. Religious worship fire people, who worship the mountains, the river god, who worship the wind, the god of lightning, the sun god. Philosophy, who said that Brahma is the basis of the universe, all things, who think that the land is the basis, who think that the country is fundamental, who think that the wind is fundamental, ... have to go further, to abstract from cuthe, set out the theory: a review of time, space review, review direction, best original policy, dualism, pluralism, ... A hundred different sects, has always opposed attacking each other. In summary, Ando society at that time was a materialistic society it is groans under the yoke of injustice, oppression, they are mentally reeling, perversion of thought of the chaos theory, we borrow . Society that are yearning love and equality, are waiting to play that in the light of wisdom. In canhay complete, Buddha appeared in time to save grief eternity. History of Indian Buddhism Thich Thien Hoa * Open Thread Desire the absolute contempt that the relative; forever seek a lasting, abandoned the transformation of impermanence, in particular and the Vietnamese Asians in general have been decorated set thousands of years in a state thought of as above, should have despised history, is a subject follow evolution impermanence of the world, that aim would faithfully record what was lost in the shadows of time . despised historical concept that has brought us many things not less disastrous. We have missed many valuable lessons that his father bought for a price we ratdat; much we have lost touch with the past, take off the old road to sympathize with, and you are lost in the present species not knowing what should and should give up any way. It is often said is true: a nation not the past, it would be useless to have a future. Particularly Buddhism within us, to find the right source, try the bar on the path of his missionary father, reconstruction model of a glorious era of Buddhism, which is extremely hard work, hard tired. But although tiring, difficult, probably not see the trail vehicle of the past that we now not avoid, just close your eyes sweep? The ancients had despised history, today on the contrary, we shall give it an important position. Having seen the origin, the progress, the rise and fall times of a religion, we understand the true value of roduoc Religious him. Especially if we were tasked to spread the teachings of Buddha, more than anyone, we must study history to learn Buddhism would rise and fall, the cause of success or failure of the revolt spread the true measures across five continents, or imitate what is good for Religion, leave the bad, is bad for Religion, to spread the dharma is forever with time. So first, let us return to the source, sequential follow in the footsteps on the mission, the German cardinal tukhi new world Shakyamuni in India, gradually through China, then Vietnam, to finally have a general idea about the current situation of Buddhism in home country and the world today 's complex. * Chief Subject: Buddhism in India I. The Declaration of Pope Resources Thich Ca A. Social Status dark and complex ideas in India as the Buddha of the world In terms of social injustice in over 2,500 years ago, the Indian society is probably one of the society has a mode of social injustice and political one. Indian population was divided at that time a lot of different class, can be accomplished with a common focus on the following classes: a) Brahmin (Brahmanes), including the clergy, who hold dominion crystal god, phutrach of ritual, worship. They identified themselves as noble rank, was born tumieng Brahma (Brahma) or diamond Brahma holding nationalist leaders, priority should be respected, and enjoy the happiest life. b) Damage to account for (Kastryas) is the king of noble, self-born Brahma arm, on behalf of Brahma came to power on to dominate the population. c) on discharge (Vaisyas) that aligns merchant landowner , believes his calves born from Brahma, has assumed duties on the domestic economy (trade, agriculture, collection of income for the country). d) The Da La (Souddras) is the lower of money, it news of his birth from Brahma heel, so the unit to a hard life for the working class. In addition to the four castes, there is a most miserly of people like Ba Ri A (Pariahs) the same ethnic savages, be regarded as living outside the margins of human society, being the class trendoi treated like animals tortures very, dark. In this class dressed in different colors. Each class rules to live by hereditary system, not a career change or another wedding, and other khongduoc relocate. By law Brahman, only three have class on quyendoc Business, school director, and two classes under the eternal slaves of only three in the class only. class Brahmin enjoy many happy relaxed, crowds of people below the miserly misery, humiliation much. The social injustice can not really describe. Between people, it does not have a bridge to understanding how, source of love congestion, this class for other class rivals that are exploited as much as possible as they were. In terms of religion , Philosophy, Ideology and the Indian society at that time also held a very chaotic scene. Religious worship fire people, who worship the mountains, the river god, who worship the wind, the god of lightning, the sun god. Philosophy, who said that Brahma is the basis of the universe, all things, who think that the land is the basis, who think that the country is fundamental, who think that the wind is fundamental, ... have to go further, from concrete to abstract, set out the theory: a review of time, space review, review direction, best original policy, dualism, pluralism, ... A hundred different sects, has always opposed attacking each other. summary, Ando society at that time was a materialistic society it is groans under the yoke of injustice, oppression, they are mentally reeling , perversion of thought in the chaos theory, we borrow. Society that are yearning love and equality, are waiting to play that in the light of wisdom. In canhay complete, Buddha appeared in time to save grief eternity. 2. Buddha, Dao pontiff's compassion and wisdom a) Christmas Almanac. As we said at the open threads, we are not Buddhists to the problem of history is important; the more experienced over a long time since the Buddha appear far more material is lost, so there are many different theories about the Christmas calendar year of the Buddha. however, agreed on nayde integrity of the calendar Buddhism the world meet in Tokyo in 1952, agreed that the full moon in February of Indian origin (ie April fifteenth lunar day) in 624 before Jesus Christ was born on Buddha's Birthday cuaDuc birth. Thus, as of this year (1964), the Buddha 2588 years daduoc Christmas (1964 + 624). But if we see recorded in 2508 Buddhist calendar (western calendar is tinhden year 1964) is that the General Assembly took the five International Buddhist nirvana of the Buddha entered as the first year of age, not taking birth (2588-80 year Buddha life = 2508). b) National and the family. at that time Ando origin of numerous states, when the air war against each other when life Warring States for help. People however, the country still earn the Magadha (Magatha) as the Zhou Dynasty in China with the vassal Quocdoi so. Largest country in South Vietnam river Ganges (Gange) the center for the whole of India. In the north of India, near the foot of the Himalayan mountains (Nepal is a country now) has a National level called Kapilavastu (Kapilavastu). This country is the reigning King Suddhodana United (Sudhodana) Regional-class iron (Kastrya) line Kosala (Gotama) was a great nobleman in India Do.Ba queen, wife of the King is Maya ( Maha Maya) and 45 age pregnancy. According to Indian custom, near term, Queen return home parent is the king A Nau Shakyamuni (Anucakya) in the country in Goguryeo (Koli). One dawn, Hoang Hau out walking in the park ny Pi Lam (Lumbini) and gave birth to Prince there. The prince was named the All DatDa (Siddhartha) and the Indian custom of taking their mother Shakyamuni (Cakya). Once born Prince Siddhartha was 7 days, Queen Maya died. Sister of the queen as Ma Ha Pajapati (Maha Prajapati) instead of raising her Prince Siddhartha large Choden. Crown Prince Of DatDa, the latter is Sakyamuni Buddha, the compassionate and intellectual cardinal cuaDao Buddhist wisdom. c) Appearance and material from The Minister of Crown Prince has more features ordinary people: He has thirty-two and eighty Minister precious beauty. So when you look at him, Taoist Asita (Asita) has tiendoan later he would become a Buddha, all eight of the master, took the only anchor for other living beings from samsara sea of misery. my childhood, tuchat information intelligence and virtue of his temperament was clearly expressed. NhungDao Dr. Wise, the account name that is the gladiator king Suddhodana invited to teach Prince, and soon became a prince and warrior full financial position, second to none. Along a beat with the talent, His virtues were also developed an extremely rapid and extensive. His love spread, covering all things people. And because of intelligence from seeing clearly the nature of the lies, the impermanence of the world, and infinite mercy, can not sit still to see see groans, suffering coidoi, so his soul is never peaceful. Day and night, he is always thinking about methods to relieve suffering beings. King Suddhodana, delam heart relief, communications erected a magnificent palaces, presented enough games folk music dance cover his Prince, and also He married to a wonderful wife that she's thegiai Yasodhara (Yosodhara) but he was still not allay the world's vast realm. d) Renunciation In his nineteen years old (29 years old said there is room) after has left King Suddhodana was a grandson Rahula (Lahula). Prince decided to leave the royal family, to give glory greens precious life, away from the royal citadel, cut her hair into the forest to look forward to quiet thought method of salvation from the cycle of suffering beings loose and put holen shore of enlightenment still happy forever. At first he must find nhungdao learning with India's most prestigious artists of that time, but then he realized the truth and the way they practice nothing is transcendence. From there, he went into hiding in the mountains Tuyet Son, to cultivate themselves to find out what his enlightenment as you want. In six years of asceticism, he has not collected anything satisfactory results. Then, he went to the mountains by the early new (Gajasirsa) the Ni bosong The Boat. After he finished bathing life milk rice soup (please watch) some of her female worship section. He then went to the foot of a tree busy La (Pippale, later called the Bodhi tree life that is the tree of enlightenment, to celebrate the Buddhist enlightenment under a tree cuaDuc it). He meditated there and vowed, "If we sit here without proof is the result, though flesh crushed the bones dissolve, never one to stand up". d) The director and the student lecture. He sat under a tree thiendinh busy La, until forty-nine day, at morning star is just rising, he suddenly enlightened, see the truth of the universe and the origin of life and death of beings. He became a Buddha with the title of Sakyamuni Buddha (Sakya Muni). After the period of forty-nine years (copy parking is forty-five years) Buddha traveled throughout the river basin Hang bring in their teaching of His supreme beings, regardless of age, sex, wealth, fame, color, race, or intellectual ignorance. Because no edge compassion, faith hope large infinite life, he has spoken on five hundred meeting legal, born of the countless populations, escape suffering round confusion. And so Buddhism was founded in eternity. e) Buddhist nirvana. In the year 554 BC (as of 1964 is: 1964 +554 = 2508 years) Buddha was 80 years old now. Realizing that his aspiration was done, the birth of their tasks are complete, one day, the Buddha to his disciples meeting, the Committee testament thoroughly, then sadly passed away a calm, casual hook in between the cotton plant (Sala) outside Europe into The Thi La (Kusivagara) So that, a very great life has come and hide like a light mystery when three major phases marked an extremely simple and meaningful: Born next to a tree, inside a tree enlightenment, and death, between two trees! II. Buddhist Missionary History In India A. Four compiler sutras period Four months after the Buddha's khiDuc he Mahakasyapa (Maha Kasypa) rather Buddhist monks rate system convened a conference of about 500 disciples of Buddha, at Rajagaha (Rajagrika) to recite back teachings that the Buddha taught. In this first meeting, he was Mahakasyapa worship chair seat; Ananda, is often as much a disciple, Buddha, heard and remembered long proceedings are sent to the teachings of the Buddha; He also advantage Ba Ly (Upali) is smooth and disciples the precepts most severe, are sent to recite the law. The meeting ended after seven months of work and 500 great disciples recognize that is true the words of the Buddha. This conference was dubbed "the first volume States". b) aggregation thuhai States . About a hundred years after the passing of the Buddha, because there is disagreement about gioidieu, should raise them into two groups, in two separate meetings and Vajji Vaisali. Group Vaisali monks othanh meeting convened by the elders of his Yasa life 165 years, including 12. 000 monks, but only 700 of his elders have the right to vote. This conference meeting under the chairmanship of His Revata and unanimous vote: "Do not modify the rules for the false teaching of the Buddha, the Blessed One was wearing duDuc mobile training that if other monks agreed that the articles of the Tathagata has institutions is less important and can not be sold over again, thiduoc to repair. " Meanwhile, the monks at the Vajji group meeting under the chairmanship of the great faith Vajjiputra consent . During the second set focused only in the settlement of virtue only. However, the map is divided up into two distinct sects. Yasa parties convened by him and keep the precepts of Buddhism, the sect known as primitive (Theravadins) or the Venerable. Sex Vajjiputra modified by his ten rules of the Buddha is called the must, or Mass the (Mahasanghikas). From there, Buddhism split into two distinct sects and religious roots for twenty sent later. c) aggregation thuba States: More than two centuries after the passing of the Buddha (274 BC year ), Emperor Ashoka the Great in 1000 to convene the elders to the collective wisdom sutras in the Pataliputra (ie Bihar and Patra today) under the chairmanship of His Section Contact De Tu (Mogaliputta Tissa). After nine months of work, the conference has completed the compiler of scriptures. In addition, the increase also regulate sex, all except the monk class boy breaking, breaking world, undisciplined. d) aggregation thutu States. In about 600 years after the passing of the Buddha, which means that in the first century AD, King Sac Ca Ca Ni (Kaniska) a Great India, have not lost guardian care what Asoka, has called the Bodhisattva 500, 500 with 500 monks lay, in of Low Di La for Ca aggregation sutras under his chairmanship of the two Venerable Rape and The Friends. States aggregation aggregation is called the fourth period. In aggregate these four public, two early without the transcribing, meaning that only recitation, watch loile of Buddha is saying, or what is considered the true meaning of the Dhamma. to the third period Wednesday and New script to use to copy edit a book play. In transcribing this, monks divided into two factions: Men in writing, write Pali, Mahayana is also written in Sanskrit literature. 2. The Southern and Northern Buddhism As mentioned above, because the sutras were recorded in two documents: Pali and Sanskrit, these people said parish Pali sutras in Pali, the spread, but people were saying the country Sanskrit sutras in Sanskrit literature is the transfer of proceedings. If taken as a base in central India, the land south of India and spread to the xuTich Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia ... are the Pali scriptures, they are also known as Southern Buddhism. In the countries of Central India, Northern India and spread to Nepal, Tibet, China, Vietnam, Goryeo, Japan ... is grounded in Sanskrit sutras, and known as the Northern Buddhism. the Southern or Northern Buddhist worship are generally a cardinal who is Buddha and are subject to the weaknesses that the Buddha taught. However, depending on the radical, cultural and psychological effects vaanh the lives of people with differences between North and South means that cultivation methods and the promotion of the singularity and the teachings are the same. North goes on much the way of development, not uptight liberal form. Southern then have a conservative nature, faithful to the original teachings, respect the form. Hence the two schools: Hinayana Buddhism in Southern Buddhism Northern and college redundancy methods. 3. The development of Mahayana and Hinayana here because we still are in the history of Buddhist activities, postpone should mention other susai between Mahayana and Theravada teachings redundant. Let's localize the problem and comes to the development of the two sects in India was how only. a) The development of the Theravada. As we know, causes Hinayana split two sect, because in the second period aggregate, have rules about where disagreements, new Sangha is divided into two factions: A sect of the Elder called the monk, and a delegation of many of the young monks, but very large, they called the Great. Over a period of 100 years after the second period was compiled, Mass in turn divided into eight sets of parties as follows: 1 / Most theories of 2 / Theory of thebo 3 / Page led the 4 / Multiple Office of 5 / Theory pretend 6 / multi-mode 7 / West preliminary 8 / North paint the world as is from a sect is a democratization of which in turn divided into eight factors set (plus a 9 feet). In the meantime, the party of the first monk living in a peaceful mountain Ca Low Di La, but with time, the division also sent away, and end together include the following: 1. Nhut thehuu theory of 2. Read from the 3. Upstream of France 4. Microscopy of 5. Chief upstream of 6. Paint the forest Password 7. Geochemistry of 8. French Organ announced 9. Optical sound potty 10. Business volume of 11. The Venerable summary, Theravadins side, from basic (the Venerable) to the branch, including 11 sets in total. If total caThuong Coordinates and Mass of the, the Hinayana includes a total of 20 sets . b) The development of Mahayana. Even though the Buddha's teachings, including the meaning Hinayana and Mahayana, but in four or five first centuries of the Buddhist calendar, as frugal of monks and believers India map with Hinayana more appropriate, sub-sect thuaduoc should thrive. But from the first century AD, or Friday Buddhist calendar, the Mahayana teachings began to flourish in northern India and gradually spread oBac method. The first, which Mahayana Buddhism developed His strength is Ma Ming. He Ma Ming, people in northern India, born in the first century AD, the pagan at first, that in the North Sea, after losing his argument because Venerable Assault, the new rules should Buddhist medicine. He Himself is the author of Mahayana commentary volumes solemn Mahayana texts, and thanks to the powerful protector of King Ca Ca Ni Sac, he revived and vigorously propagate the Mahayana teachings. A hundred years later, he followed the career of Ma Ming, Nagarjuna in the country have reached La Pi (South Ando) is very good Thien Tu, childhood have understood the religion of Brahmanism Business, beans have .. ., proficient in both astronomy, geography, medicine, arithmetic. Initially he practice the Hinayana, after he studied Mahayana teachings and make the Madhyamaka commentary, Twelve subjects, Tri level ... to break exorcism approval, specify the right of the Mahayana, and traveled the country to foreign direct surrender. Mahayana thus indicating that an extra day. Following Nagarjuna had two disciples that He Long Tri and Devadatta who have great success in promoting positive Mahayana. After Buddha's over 900 years, that is about the fourth century BC, has two brothers Asanga and Vasubandhu, born in northern India, before the Brahmanism, after taking refuge in the Buddha. Asanga that he, enlightened teachings Mahayana before, but Vasubandhu initial practice Hinayana teachings, followed by Asanga he is guided to the Mahayana. Since then the two brothers found positive positive Duy Mahayana teachings and make the formula: a review Show Ocean sacred teaching, Photography Mahayana comment ... You are both advocates of realism, which included the minutes clearly: "Tam idealistic world, the only things up." Thus, his theory of the two French generals called Duy mode, and two he was seen as opening the French Minister Duy mode. Effect of serial two He spread the 10th century BC and making of Mahayana Buddhism in India developed a brilliant, obscure and Hinayana teachings. 4. The decline of Buddhism in India At about 2000 contrition after passing of the Buddha, Buddhism in India faded and almost no echo of anything. The cause of the decline that could be attributed to three reasons sauday: a. Brahmanism, before the period of Buddha appears as a unique religion in India. But khidao Buddha was born and developed increasingly strong as the spirit of compassion and binhdang glow of wisdom Brahmanism losing life and retreat into the shadows forever. But the religious leaders did not lose heart, one hand they worry revised their teachings, their one hand and purification based on the ranks of government forces, they gradually retake the old positions and very More Buddhist chain. b. Islam is a religion in Turkey resources (Turquie) when penetrated by the Indian military has used violent tactics to destroy the true teachings, Buddhism incapacitated by beating the tower, breaking the temple, burned sutras, Buddhist killing. Therefore, Buddhism is almost no place anymore in India. c. The third reason why the internal hybrid. If only two reasons above exotic, then Buddhism in India Dokhong easily destroyed so quickly. The decline of Buddhism in India also is the degeneracy of Increased gender, religious Buddhists lack lack of education, lack of progress of the Buddhist leaders of India at that time again. If there is no external destructive oben indirectly abetting the destruction inside, in India, Buddhism does not take place so desolate landscape decline as we have seen in previous centuries. * Conclusion Buddha taught, there is birth killing, there, are degenerate. So after fifteen centuries flourished, Buddhism in India gradually descend is also a regular. Governing the law of impermanence of all things of this life. And because the variable service law, and this place and there is compensation defects, wave dive in this place to hungo elsewhere. Buddhism has moved away from central India to spread prosperity in other countries, primarily around India, then to China and gradually spread throughout the world.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.( TAM THANH ).MHDT.19/5/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).