PART ONE.HISTORICAL BUDDHA SHAKYAMUNI.

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PREAMBLE

When researching to find out a doctrine, a religion or a literary work which, as a rule, first researchers to comb his life and career approved religious teacher or author of the work. Also, when looking teachings of Buddhism, first of all and we need to understand the basic history of the Buddha Sakyamuni.

Social contexts, religious thought in India about 700 years BC mortar was crushed. Then the Indian population requires a great person to blow for social and religious thought, a breath of fresh air. Buddha Sakyamuni was born right into that era. In childhood, Buddha named Siddhartha, son of King Suddhodana of Kapilavastu. But you permanently live in the rich flowers, the prince is still not satisfied, because social class, religious thought theocratic nature. Therefore, the Crown Prince was ordained.

With a middle path, in the original Bodhi, after 49 days of entry of the night, Prince was enlightened, the Buddha Sakyamuni is effective. After enlightenment, for 45 years, Buddhism has been around here for evangelist that compassion and wisdom in a caring and inclusive. In 80 years when the deeds were fulfilled, the moon shine, at the Sala Grove, between two trees, but life, the Buddha into nirvana.

Through history the Buddha, the historical booklet we basically divided into 8 threads:

1) - Background era and the title Buddha.
2) - Prince Siddhartha.
3) - Prince Siddhartha left home.
4) - Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment and spiritual practice.
5) - Buddha taught (part 1,2,3).
6) - Buddhist Nirvana.

When the Buddha strategies including life, we emphasize awareness. Therefore, at the end of each post have mentioned some of the individual perception us. With the subjective perception that there may be many errors, we expect the higher glass proving just teachers.

Respectfully thank you for helping us form the BUDDHIST HISTORY Shakyamuni, through all aspects.

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CHAPTER 1

Era and BACKGROUND OF THE BUDDHA OF TITLES.

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In

loud late 20th century civilization of mankind is the forward peak. Science flew the rocket to conquer the universe. With the advance of modern science, in the near future, people can cross to the living space in many terrestrial planet. How much more beautiful vision of the reality as many people worry that much. By nuclear weapons, chemical warfare planet can easily wipe out a civilized scientific advances, including human beings. People are more calls for cancellation of nuclear weapons to bring peace to the humans who are preparing war. The fact that conflict, mainly due to human race by the victory in that foreign internal forget winning. According to Buddhism, intrinsically, human greed, hatred and delusion that victory ... the scourge of nuclear war, will all threaten the planet, there will be lasting peace on this planet forever. More than 2,500 years ago, Shakyamuni Buddha discovered the truth. Therefore, the Buddha's life truly worth for us to find out, follow ...

In light of the Buddha to learn, first let us look at the context of the times and the title of the Buddha Sakyamuni, to have a helpful attitude for yourself and family social.

I. BACKGROUND OF BUDDHA Era.

1) - political organizations, social and economic time of the Buddha.

In the beginning, ancient times, some 3,000 years BC, the locals of India has three components are farmers, nomads and maritime business. People living under matriarchy, as similar skin Mun in North India, in plains Dravida ethnicity fieldwork gathered into villages, clans, tribes move by republicans.

By the time Aryan to dominate, people become a slave to money accommodation. White Aryan race, intelligent, and robust. They live under patriarchy. Since then, India began the organized state. Once settled, the Aryan nomadic life away. Agriculture and trade are expanding in the five galaxies (Panjab). To consolidate power, they compose Manu Law divided society into four classes: Brahmin, Damage to the core, and Prime Da Coffee Xa La.

- Brahmin clergy kept the ritual, accounting for primacy, hereditary. They assume that every first-born Brahmin God, surveys to advantage in the abdomen, arms and legs was born in Coffee Xa, the beast was born in La under the feet of God. Truths sanctification of the clergy, virtually concedes dominated society, they defined the life of a Brahmin has four periods:

1) - Pham from the public: From 7 to 11 years of part time study Vedas. Then get back home.

2) - public housing: The married adult, normal activities, the economic concerns of the patriarchal order.

3) - Lam settlement period: After the completion of family obligations, middle-aged people back into forest cultivation of meditation and asceticism.

4) - Travel period: The elderly, dedicated traveled, live a life of begging or yogi who, by all religious worship.

Class surveys to Advantage: The human marksman, ruled everyone, hereditary, food on the front, the country's own view.

Xa-Class Review: Includes agricultural, industrial, commercial, live to work, have an obligation to offer two classes on the liturgy. They were plundered.

Prime Caste Da-La: Ke Dalits are the same people money status. As a destitute in society, they must do the slave class. On the street, met a Brahmin or Damage to the core, they have to run away, if that soon was to get hit. MANU Law also provides, if asked to name Brahmin was cut tongue, do not follow the ruling class orders will be poured boiling oil into the ear.

2) - Ideology and religion.

Before and during the Buddha was born, up to the 96th Indian religion. Since then, the idea is also very diverse. They have four sacred scriptures of Veda: Le The beans have (RigVeda) Da Du beans have (Yayyr Veda) beans have Sa Ma (Sama Veda) A loss of three beans have (Athara Veda).

Content theological Vedas, the Brahma (Brahma) is even religious order, created the universe, to govern the living. Man falls from great Brahmana born. Later, if known to worship God, ascetic effort, people will come back to self Atman to fall in with great Brahmana. Atman and Brahmana together in all possible. Later That letter also Austria (Upanishad) calls the security office learned more sense. At the time of the Buddha around 600 years BC, the philosophical ideas of Brahman no longer account for the unique status. At that time, the ideological and religious lines has dominated the continent using pagan, 6 philosophy, Jainism, and Buddhism.

a) - Foreign direct clerk.

1) - accident - Phu Da Kasyapa (Purana Kassapa) founder, does not believe cause and effect, hard fun, graphics are being randomized. Buddhist sect known as the very cause and effect. This sent the cardinal a slave born in capital barn, with cows to live large. After ignoring South Indian Brahmin owners to pursue, stripped. Since then, he always naked, negating all the good, not evil nor grace.

2) - should be natural: Kosa depreciation Le Loi (Makphali Nosala) founder, for fun format, graphics are blessed with natural, not due to other causes. Buddhism known as Ta Par pagan.

This cardinal's pilgrimage, met in the rain hides barn, the sun Nosala born wives of all the rain, clears. So he became cardinal, Nosala compliance arrangements of natural law, man must serve practice. According to this sect by 12 species of intangible factors have recently made tangible. It is the soul, soil, water, wind, fire, nothing, that is, it takes, what suffering, what fun, law students and law e. 12 of conditions such as rolls only. If the roll is only inflate sins. The only throw rolls, thread problems, broken man is destined to be liberated.

3) - Sex Pleasure Materialism: A-di-ta impressed Ms. Thuy Xa La (Ajitakesa Kambali) founder. The policy: People by location, water, fire, style composition. Death is the end. So human freedom of enjoyment, as opposed to the ascetic sect, used cloth embroidered with the Buddhist monk hair do. Buddhism calls this sect is mere pagan.

4) - Face Adaptation and permanent Matter: Mrs. Dien Phu Da Ca Chien (Pakudha Katy ayana) founded, for the universe formed by seven factors. They are: land, water, wind, fire, suffering, joy and life. Rebirth of the seven factors that the convergence or spread. The 7 factors are often immortal.

5) - Sex Doubt - take home Gia death rate (Sanjava Bahatthpiutta) establishment, for truth can be altered, from the useless, need special training is meditation. It is impossible from the debate. Word of the cardinal said, Behold, such as touching a butterfly touch it, understand it, then sneak it away, let alone grasp what is not, look not see it based on where that determination.

6) - Gender Struggle: Ni Tu Kien Garage (Nlgantha-Natadatta) establish, for suffering, joy, art, being all the money the industry. People need mortification, asceticism new industry would release the funds.

b) - Six philosophy.

1) - The number of comments (Samkhya) philosophy is dualism, reconcile spirit and matter. The spirit of liberation is very flexible, with material to form organisms. The spirit or soul is always real, while the material is volatile. Both combine the three pure-called three virtues: Hy, Advantages and Tones. 2) - Win Comments (Vaisesika): The policy (permanent sound). Pluralistic materialism, against theistic comments. Universe formed by six principles or six single meaning, consciousness, moral, professional, and, strangest and harmony. Man-made attention to legal education in the newly liberated Yoga.

3) - The logic (Nyaya) also known as personalized comments. Pluralistic philosophy rejected "permanent bar". Sound is impermanent. Full human suffering, caused by the industry. Need to free anti-business. School, which specializes in learning logical reasoning like the west, the only other western divided into three stages called the syllogism. But this sect to 5 stages:

- TON: Sound is impermanent.
- PERSONNEL: Since there are born.
- EXAMPLE: As an object, such a table.
- SHALL: What is life all there is death
- CONCLUSION: So sound is impermanent .

4) - Di Man (Minam Sa): The concept "as available", whether through birth and death are like thousands of lives, word of god, holy books still remain. Therefore, this highly respected teacher sex rights, interpret and preserve Spirit religious ritual. People want freedom, in the present must be sacrifice.

5) - Yoga (Yoga): The practice of meditation, contemplation. Able to reach the destination, it can compatible with god, understanding each other, they are ecstatic. Meditation through eight phases: Cam mechanism (not killing, stealing, sex, hope, take). Extension processing (purification, the chronic, austerities, study scriptures, spirit), coordinates the law (the body), Article News (the breath), Mode I (against 5 units), Executive shall (concentration ), liquidity (sediment from the center), forgetful (like nowhere quiet, bright-term realm, spirit freed himself falling in).

6) - Democratic Da (Vedanta) concept discrepancy world created by Brahma. Brahma is the capacity not matter. Charming air and earth were created, through the 5 elements: Nowhere, no, wind, fire, water and soil. Human compassion? T come back to the Brahman and Atman can enter liberated.

c) - Jainism (Jai na):

Kien Tu Ni (Nataputta) policy material Comment: category ideological entity. It is the life factor status, divided into 5 th:

- No: Principles cover all places.
- France: Principles of exercise.
- Africa Strategy: Principles of suspension.
- Material: Principles of creation made ​​flesh.
- Time: Principles of evolution.

The method according to traditional practice celibacy, naked, ascetic, begging for alms and held five world (close, direct, sex, desire and not storing treasures). In the third century there are some who do not follow the law, nude, split up a sect, called professional white dress mae sex.

d) - Buddhism, a religion of social revolution of thought:

Social and political situation, economic and religious thought in India during the Buddha completely deadlocked. Political and social injustices, conflicts culminated. Review class and Prime Da Xa La live in resentment, view as a hell on earth, complex religious ideology, the masses no longer trust.

According Brahmajala, with sophisticated religious thought of India at that time, Buddhism Nikaya Angattara summarized in the business, over 62 reviews, theories and human world, rooted in the belief in self (Brahman , Atman). Since it can be divided into three trend deviations.

- 1 / Spirit reviews Comments: News by natural universe of human arrangements.
- 2 / network Tuc Comment: For the pre-industrial human disposition.
- 3 / Random Comments: The material is random phenomenon.

All three tend to deny the role for human life and the world objectively.

The result is two trends: Lifetime ascetic life and enjoy sex upon the material. Amid the chaos is almost a savior appeared, it was Buddha Sakyamuni, the Buddha overthrow of caste, indicating that the Sangha e His people? U equality. Buddha said: The four classes required their co-LIKE (magnetic ordained, like the market rules). With the Buddhist cosmos initiated interdependent intelligent beings, with human beings, Buddha recommended practice the middle path.

TITLE II-BUDDHA and watches.

The title of Sakyamuni Buddha is (Sakya Muni), named Siddhartha (Siddhatta), they Gotama. Sanskrit is Shakyamuni, Chinese translation of the Energy City (Sakyamuni, Sakya) and Mac (Muni, Muni), meaning that family or people from work and preferred silence. The title Buddha represents compassion and intuition. Buddha was a man of complete virtue, valor won both internal and external demons, step on liberation status of life and death, call it energy. Buddhism also has boundless compassion, call it human. Buddha never been blind to the temptations of life, can be entered with the pure, calm, calling it the default status. Categories of philosophy known as volition, emotion and reason. Punch line of their Buddha (Gotama) should Buddhist name was Siddhartha, China is necessarily translated means City (all integers are accomplished).

Gotama from the family perspective to Chung Hua Siddhartha Using a 7 life, inherited as follows: Dai Thien Sanh Wang, Su Ma Italy, Advantages Da La, Co La, Lion Armor, United Suddhodana, Siddhartha.

III-LEARNING attitude.

No delves into the life of the Buddha, just flip through the times and context of social, religious thought of India and the title of Buddha, we find the Buddha is a symbol shining virtues of compassion, wisdom wisdom, valor, equality, liberation ...

Buddha gave up the class you have the right to make a social revolution. Buddha did not accept the division of social class, as the Buddha and sentient beings are equal. (I am the Buddha has, sentient beings are Buddha will become). From then on, the establishment of the Church, his disciples are not discriminated against you or third class power Dalits. Buddha was a real thought towards society, to improve people first. Therefore, in his book Primitive Christisnity Pfleiderer wrote: "In the first half millennium BC saw the world appear more influential thinkers deeply among the masses. China produced Confucius, Page Tu Zoroastre Persian, Greek: Pythagorean, Socratic, Platonic, Buddhist India is a useful list reformers in terms of ethics and religion. Among this great man, Buddha, who caused a ideological movement instilled a great mass of humanity the most. Buddha not only have millions of followers of the Buddha which is active throughout Europe spread again. There was a time threatened Catholicism d? a, fall into the cycle depends Buddhism. "

Buddha praised the like, by the Buddha, people should look at each other over the morality, wisdom, rather than eat loses enough with each other over tactics. The deep well depth plot graphics. Let us follow the Buddhist virtue of compassion to spread love for all, personal sacrifice self to serve others, because people.

Follow the wisdom to enlighten themselves, shed light on people to objectively look at the thing as it was known under the category of Buddhist philosophy is "As market knowledge."

Follow the moral courage to have the strength to win his own. In other words, is fundamental and important fight to kill themselves, anger, ignorance, joy, anger, love, sex, stain ... almost self-sublimation and overcome difficulties in the practice of compassion and wisdom.

Follow the virtues of equality, peace to live green, flatten what is unfair in society, creating a life without exploitation of people as human beings, who in high doors, shiny cars, someone service, who in the family, every corner, pavement, bridges ...

There imitated Buddha improve themselves, a new human society is good, because man is the center of society. Society should fail, good and bad, battle or peace, human heart is still active. Today, with a new way of thinking, is not there no more, politics is not turned towards the man. New Times weekly newspaper of the Soviet Union in January 1988, concluding his essay entitled The Man and politics wrote: "Politics is turned towards the people and the concerns of human daily life an deserves full and are becoming more civilized humanity and slowly but surely. The way of thinking about politics, the direction of man is the only chance for peace ".

From very basic new thinking, we try to ask: When people are improving, there are many /virtues in imitation of the Buddha, can do no good social peace bright happy?

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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1) - Ancient times, social and political institutions of India like?

2) - When the Aryan spill five galaxies, political and social organizations in India like?

3) - philosophical Vedas what? And is formed like?

4) - Present and foreign direct assessment clerk.

5) - Six Indian philosophy like?

6) - Why the Buddha was born on the fertile ground of philosophical thought in India?

7) - What is Sakyamuni?

8) - With the current social reality, the Buddha images contribute anything?END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.( TAM THANH ).17/4/2012.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).