Bodhi Gaya in India known as the most sacred places of the world Buddhism. From a small village Uruvela (Uruvella), which form famous for a peaceful, return and inner awakening. Prince Si-reach-ta, Sa-Cu-talk subjects achieved this enlightenment in this way 25th century.
Bodhi or Buddha Gaya Gaya is now commonly known as Bodh Gaya is located west of the inter-Ni-river boat (NAIRANJANÀ) of the town Gaya, Bihar state. This is where the sacred Bodhi tree, tied with the Buddha's enlightenment history. For that reason he B.M. Barua42 noted that: "if the broad sense is a village in Bodh Gaya neck and in the narrow sense is where the sacred Bodhi tree and the surrounding area that access. "
Bodhi Gaya which is not a lonely place before the Buddha baby. The latest excavations at Taradih village, south of university tower showed that before the Buddha, where many residents inhabitants. Excavations of 1981 to 1985, the archaeologist, Bihar government has shown that people living in over 4,500 years ago News 2000 before the Buddha reached enlightenment in Bodhi Gaya.
The digging was divided into seven stages starting before XXV century Western calendar to the twelfth century BC. Over 4500 years, people living in iron and copper is used in their daily activities so-called Neolithic. Antiques found during archaeological this person calcined clay, animal bones or other metal coins.
In the early seventeenth century-BC XXV, people have living in houses thatched with leaves and mud and straw nan. The big stove was found here have said that people used common kitchen and the as they live together in herds.
In the second period XVII-XI century BC, the economy Rural development has begun, though still iron but not very much in vogue. Some objects made of bone and copper has been the Archaeologists determined.
In the third period from the tenth century - VII BC people used daily iron. During the fourth century VI-I BC, it was known and the manufacture of metal goods. Time Thursday-century period I-III are the activities of the tribe Kusanas. Time Friday period IV-VIII century is the era of family rule Guptas. Time Saturday is the period from VIII-XII century is the era of family rule Palas.43
Human history in Bodhi Gaya has helped us a lot in the study of people in this era. To the north of Gaya Bodhi Gaya 15 km, also known as a place of importance Hinduism. Gaya and Ma-out-the momentum is the center of religious activities. The myth about Lord Rama visited Gaya to worship seemed to his father Dasaratha cake. The neighboring land of Gaya with Bodh Gaya is also influenced each other a lot.
Great tower at present Bodhi Bodhi Gaya was built over the past 1300 years. Some people are small stupa built by Asoka th century III BC, to celebrate the Buddha attained enlightenment. But the current tower was built about V-VI century.
Around the year 399, the Chinese worship the Great Fa Hien visited Bodhi Gaya visit, but he did not mention this tower. The Historians and archaeologists believe that the tower not be built all the time Fa Hien that worship this shrine. Or is nothing tower particularly to attract pilgrims. But even with the existing form in any, worth mentioning is Fa Hien should mention in the log of but its flavor.
However, a worship other Chinese Xuanzang was visited Bodhi Gaya in 637 and described as the throne of the tower throne of the current tower. During his pilgrimage walls surroundings are decorated with sculptures and Beautiful flowers line made of jade and precious objects. The architectural form campus, the pillars, doors and windows are decorated with gold, silver, pearls and precious stones. The study showed that people's wealth here, also expressed confidence that their glasses to the Buddha. The construction of this tower is the people who love art and sculpture it should have adorned the throne of beautiful towers.
It is suggested that the throne of the tower could be built around the time between the Chinese worship, or about the year 400-636, mean is the time to Fa Hien, and before he went Huyen Black and white.
According to Xuanzang of the tower said the house is spacious and beautiful. Obviously, it takes years to build the house up-old-lam, can construction work started soon after the French left India back to Show Central United in 414.
XIII-XVIII century, the throne of the tower together with the fate of the calendar History of Buddhism downs were up and down several times. The work initiated rebuilding began XI-XIV century by the leaders Burma made to maintain Buddhist heritage is invaluable for human types. With the collaboration of professionals in the nineteenth century England, the contribution of human and financial resources of kings, governors, Buddhist Ceylon, Burma ... plus Tibet including the Dalai Lama with the locals to Buddhist refugees in India in 1959 had a hand built made up of the tower house and Bodhi Gaya is restored and developed.
Tower house is a legacy of spiritual thinkers thinking Buddhism. Hundreds of thousands of Buddhists and even increase further, the visitors from the world has to Bodhi Gaya to pray and practice. Tibetan monks every morning, evening to light a candle, to light for pray for world peace. The archeological beauty, modern art from the tower was preserved by a more scientific management department of Indian Buddhist charge.
University Tower Bodhi (the Maha Bodhi Temple) is associated with the data conditions enlightenment of Buddha. In particular link can be three things tight on an axis split with the realization of His throne tower (Maha Bodhi), the Bodhi tree sacred (Bodhi tree) and Kim increasingly building (Vajrasana).
UNIVERSITY TOWER WAS DAMAGED Bodhi
As the square tower of 15 meters per surface and gradually pointed to the top of the pyramid, about 52 meters high. Four small tower next to the tower 4. Side the Buddha statue form-ni-ca-roots meditation under the Bodhi facing exactly east posture when sitting Buddha attained enlightenment.
Bodhi Tree
Trees located behind the tower of huge, lush foliage covered with fresh green leaves. Has more than 25 centuries the Bodhi tree has so many times birth and death and regeneration. According to Alexander Cunningham, the Bodhi tree This is her life scattered around the 20th of the Bodhi tree and the tree later she 100 years old. Bodhi Tree is highly respected worshiped because it is the symbol birth and enlightenment of Buddha.
KIM COURT CANG (Vajrasana)
Court gilt bronze 2.28 meters long, 1.5 meters wide and 0.9 meters high; on surface and surrounding buildings have a lot of patterns are carved art. Court is below the root of the Bodhi and tower house. Kim is increasingly sacred buildings most sacred Bodhi Gaya because it is the center of the universe emit light capacity from the Buddha awakened. The court at this sitting Buddha enlightenment. Therefore, this court is hardly comparable, is perhaps the most upper and only this place can Buddha enlightenment. With trust and This will cause the signal to generate an inward purity of we. Buddhists believe that these capabilities are invisible transcendence covers all the space in Bodhi Gaya and will add strength our spiritual path back to complete wakefulness.
In addition to the three points above, there are other spiritual things where Lord Buddha spent seven weeks after enlightenment or sacred objects discerned related to his life at Bodhi Gaya as:
A. Tower Animeslochana: Where the Buddha spent a week in week two after enlightenment to sit staring at the Bodhi roots with eyes trees were grateful for his protection during that time.
Two. Head Chankramenar: Running along the northern corridor of the tower will have a cement block length 18.2 meters and 0.9 meters high; has 18 lotus relief upon the foundation to mark the third week of walking Buddha back and forth of the flowers has 18 marvelous show up to support his heel.
3. Ratnagraha Temple: is a small temple roof, where he marked sitting in the fourth week. When he sat for his body where it emanates the coronal flow blue, yellow, red, white and orange.
4. Tree Nigrodha (Ni momentum question): In the fifth week the Buddha sat meditation under this tree and a Ba-la-World subject has to respect how the problem She is the meaning of brāhmaṇa. Buddha replied that when a person is not She was born-and-death subjects that are going to decide that depending as he did in professional life. Ba-la-subject mean Pham Journal and any person who can create good karma, the new natural birth be called so.
Five. Lake Dragon Muchalinda: Where is the dragon king had to get close Muchalinda wrap his head to the Buddha and the colon to protect him from rain wet wind, when the Buddha was meditating on Friday week.
6. Ravyatna tree: In the seventh week after enlightenment, the Buddha sit under this tree to meditate and receive offerings from the merchants as well as four kings of heaven.
7. Ashoka Pillar: There are three small offices built by Asoka right of the entrance of the tower and a large head in front of the lake dragon Muchalinda.
8. The round tower architecture: There are countless small tower architecture, baby, medium, medium-tower around highlighting the majesty of the great masters of the tower. Characteristics between the tower by the kings, the gods had built to remember Thanks Buddha or after their success is something they build towers to Thanksgiving.
9. Ni-related river-boat (NAIRANJANÀ): The tower of 180 meters, this river Today the river is called Lilajan. The width of the river near 1 km. This is where Buddha, before his bath on meditation and enlightenment.
10. Sujata-Kuti: where she Sujata offered milk. Crossing the river Ni-inter-boats heading south 2 km there is a small temple with the Buddha meditate and shepherd girl Sujata offered milk, to mark the place Gautam Sa-subjects received milk from her bowl of soup offerings Sujata.
11. Ascetic forest: Beyond Ni-inter-river boat ride for 30 minutes toward Gaya, then walk about 1 hour longer going to a mountain a dark cave. Legend of Buddha where the ball was saved after text natural to know where this is not the appropriate place for him the results.
Besides the above point is the historical past, customers of occupies Bai also can visit the relics today as security museum is located west of the tower for more than 1 km. This place represents represent the Buddha, the gas law, these artifacts by investigators ... mechanical excavation in the area and found Bodhi Gaya this.
Besides the museum, there are countless temples, particularly those pagoda in Southeast Asia such as Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar Electricity, Laos, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Nepal, Tibet, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sikim ... Each temple with the definition of art I have created a harmonious combination of the lively arts sector Modern Buddhism in Bodhi Gaya in this new era.
Areas Bodhi Gaya today is about 24 to 25.9 degrees north latitude and about 84 to 86 east longitude. This place is 112 meters above sea level. Heat the middle of winter here and summer not far from dissimilar. Between 24 to 46 degrees C in summer and from 24 to 5 degrees C in winter. During the rainy season is about 118 cm3.
Bodhi Gaya now has a more advanced network information before the matter but not many internet systems, telephone and fax have to communicate around the world. At Bodhi Gaya many roads to to Delhi, Varanasi, Dhanbad, Calcutta, Sanchi. At Gaya there is a railway station large fire in the east is connected to Delhi, Mumbai, Nagpur, Calcutta, Puri, Varanasi, Allahabad and Jaipur. Also in Varanasi and Patna (capital state of Bihar) also has a domestic airport with daily flights to the major cities of India.
Bodhi Gaya today grown into a beautiful small town with full facilities such as post office, bank, telephone, library, guest hotel, motel rooms, clinics, markets, information services, bus stations, stations police stations, water supply, modern office tower management services government travel service and private worship needs, tourism places such as the Barabar hills, mountains procedural Spirit, Nalanda University, Parvapuri falls Kakolat, Gaya town ...
In summary, Bodhi Gaya is a small town famous throne of the Buddha teachers, on the peaceful return and awaken that inner Sa Dam Cu-subjects were enlightenment here. Bodhi Gaya in past centuries been a center for all increasing and continuous study and implement the teaching of German Buddha. Bodhi Gaya became a sacred place of Buddhism world and became a center of the largest Buddhist pilgrimage because related to the life and enlightenment of Lord Buddha as well as a attractive place for archaeologists, historians, tourists, the press ... in India and overseas to find.
REFERENCE BOOKS
Buddha Gaya Temple: its History, Dipak K. Barua, Buddha Gaya, 1981.
Buddha Vandana, Buddha Gaya Temple Managerment Committee, Buddha Gaya, 1998.
Country of origin Buddha Love, Thich Hanh Nguyen and unconscious, Volume I, Mahayana, 1996.
Footnotes:
42. G.P. Malalasekera ed. Extended Mahavamsa, 1937, p. 14; Buddha Its History Gaya Temple, Buddha Gaya Temple Managerment Committee, Buddha Gaya, 1981, p.1.
43. Prof. Naresh Banerjee, Bodh Gaya: The Place of Enlightenment, Buddha Vandana, Buddha Gaya Temple Managerment Committee, 1998, p. 3.
END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY BACH LIEN HOA.( TAM THANH ).NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).4/4/2012.
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