A. The rise and fall:
Master Yi Jing to India around the year 672, after HT Tsang over 40 years, and have heard the title of king 'Maharaja Sri-Gupta' kingdom of Magadha to build a hospital near Mrigasikhavana increase of about '500 years ago ' for the pilgrim monk from China's shelter. The following scholars are not comparing India with history, and they said that only surmise Tsing follow strictly religious sense. But today it has been demonstrated that the Gupta era based on the Bhagwatam. Line starting from the origin Gupta Bengal, according to the notes in the tower "Varendra Mrigashihavan Stupa" on a hill in Nepal, and then became emir of origin Prayaga, East Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad is now in TL 240.
The emir is the first Sri-Gupta between TL 240-280. The bronze inscriptions in Poona (now near Bombay) by Princess Prabhavati Gupta (daughter of Chandragupta-II onwards) record that is Sri-Gupta of Gupta Adhiraja. King's successor Ghatotkacha (280-319) inscriptions which have access performance is also great king (Maharaja). By the Third Dynasty, about 320 years of King Chandra Gupta I (320-335) based on marriage with princess line Kumaradevi Licchavi origin Magadha (Ma-Jay-Da) has made further territorial expansion; proclaimed Emperor (maharajadhiraja). Since then the new Gupta became glorious, and historical record of the Indian Gupta from here only.
When King Samudra Gupta (335-375), the successor to the 360 years the capital was moved to the U.S. market (Pataliputra), Patna away now. Using data he was in Allahabad inscriptions recorded and signed by Harisena the University of Xuanzang. Under this reign the territory also extended from the Ganges basin to the west, central and east India along the island after acquiring more than 20 other states. Many neighboring emirates to tribute to be protected, as far take Sri Lanka (Sinhala or Sri Lanka). After doing a totalitarian king Samudragupta Ashwamedha Yagna sacrifice horses, a rare tradition, and for circulating gold coinage on which to engrave the war and musical instruments had been used in court. The gold coinage, Samudra Gupta dynasty style was modeled on the earlier of the Kushan Empire. Kushan era has molded standard 8 gram gold coin called Dinara, derived from the Roman denarii coins Aurius.
Under his reign, his Brahmin teacher Mrs. (BLM) prevailed because his worship of Vishnu (Vaishnava). So PG relics, except Nalanda and Sanchi, according to the French ambassador Show Bodh Gaya (Bodhgaya), Kapilavastu (Kapilavastu) and sentence-thi-na (Kusinagara) was abandoned. In the mid-fourth century, monks from far more to admire Bodhgaya no sheltered place; king of Ceylon is Sri-Meghavarman was carrying supplies for the angel to bestow the king Samudra Gupta to get a temple built in Bodhi Gaya ('Bodh-Gaya ") and was approved.
King Rama Gupta (375-380) at the position was short-lived. Media uses 'Devichandraguptam' said that in the land of Malwa expedition beat the king was defeated and was Satrap Saka king (descendants of Scythian people) captured. To be released on the king agreed to take given the Saka Satrap Dhruvadevi queen. This makes people angry boys ask to masquerade queen until the enemy camp to be killed immediately Saka Satrap, merger Malwa and still retain the reputation of Gupta. Therefore he was named emperor Shakari or Sahasanka (The killer was Shakas). Of course the people we support and queen to King Rama Gupta grateful to be abandoned, ceded the throne to you.
Based on the rock in Mathura and Bilsad beer, people pretty much know details about the king Chandra Gupta II (380-414) . After ascending the throne, he killed the emir of Gujarat, Saurashtra and Bengal to bring more open borders. He also allied with the Naga origin through marriage with Princess Kubernaga; and with the origin Vakataka (Deccan plains) is the daughter by him to the king Rudrasena Prabhavati Gupta II in 390. Main princess gave Prabhavati Gupta recorded in Poona copper inscription above including his family genealogy. Military victory was his greatest captured Saurashtra origin (now Maharashtra) next to the Arabian Sea, the maritime trade expanded west India.
He was honored as the Solar Hero (Vikramaditya: Sun of Valour), because he was the king that most of the Gupta era, but he also praised the achievements of literature, academic rather than military , by his reign, all branches of academic literature, especially mysticism and the Veda Dharma, medicine, animal medicine, mathematics and astronomy of India has a brighter leap in history books after praising the renaissance of Indian literature. His reign was also more brilliant by the aid group famous writer 9 (Navaratna); of which Kalidasa's immortal Indian literature. Addition of the title Vikramaditya, his reign is known more Narendrachandra, Simhachandra, Narendra Simha, Vikrama devarajas, Devagupta and Devasri.
Under the reign of the French ambassador Show (Fa-Hsien) from China was built to worship the Buddha and visited throughout the empire under the reign of the Gupta king Chandra Gupta II 401 (record 399 books) to 410, and recording engineers in the 'National Signing Buddha'.
The next king Kumara Gupta I (414-455) , there are many other brands that Sri King Mahendra, Ajita Mahendra, Mahendra Sima, Asvamedha Mahendra, Mahendra Karma, Mahendra Kalpa, Sri Simha Mahendra, Mahendra Kumar, Aditya Mahendra etc.. He inherited a vast empire, and have the integrity to keep it. Under his reign in Indian society is still flourishing in prosperity; Religious tolerance is somewhat broader. His reign remains far featured 14 types of gold coins, and later had the money he has described as powerful generals, both musicians etc. ... He was brilliant wine list is king built the Institute Buddhist world famous Nalanda's a great surface. He had two sons, Skandagupta (the queen Devaki) and Purugupta (the queen Ananthadevi). At the end of his reign have Pushyamitra rebel forces in the Narmada valley threatened court.
By the time King SKANDA Gupta (455-467) , according to the inscriptions and Bhitari Bilsad, is considered the last king of the Gupta era splendor, as though he Pushyamitra military defeat, but barbarians Hung (Hephthalites - that use Indian call is Huna) from northwestern constantly threatened to spill down into the U.S. market. According to inscriptions Kahaum he has killed hundreds emirates (?) Checkered Hungary was defeated in the valley he Aryavarta 467 years. He is also very tolerant of many religions. When he took the Gupta empire began to weaken.
SKANDA Gupta (455-467)
King Pura Gupta (467-472) replaced the old throne he should reign it took only 5 years. His son Shri Vinayadevi up with the queen instead.
By the reign of King Narasimha Gupta (472-476) , the Gupta era began to weaken. There is still time to drain back India for offering to pray for peace Xiongnu king. But when the king heard Mihirakula Xiongnu, based in the northeast Malwa, ordered the killing of monks PG, holocaust reinforcements, the burning of books in the Ngu Ha, king Narasimha Gupta immediately close borders and not constitutional drain again. Mihirakula angry drag forces attacked the capital of the Member States of Magadha and pursued Narasimha until the Bay of Bengal. On the way Mihirakula had marched to the rising anger PG believers, who brutally massacred and had not escaped destruction PHV first Nalanda. [Heras, A Note on the Excavations at Nalanda and its History, JBBRAS , II, NS, p. 215-216.] But then Narasimha Gupta troops counterattacked and defeated the Xiongnu barbarians Mihirakula and chased all the way to the Shakala (Sialkot, Kashmir today).
The invasion of Hungary it was quickly taken to place the Gupta dynasty collapsed was accompanied by a massive infiltration of the tribal people from Central Asia border, plus the Indian economy was severely degraded due to loss of control the Silk Road, the trade route lifeline. It should be noted here that the people of Hungarian descent escaped slave capital of Kashmir chronic gradually adapt to society and a new culture to later distortions into the same Rajputs.
His successor King Kumara Gupta II (476-477) achievements not saved anything. Three-time reigning dynasty of the latter is too short a total of only about 10 years to use rare materials. And from there the lineage of the throne will not be recorded clearly. Land of Magadha on the wane and internal disturbances occurring on forever. According to inscriptions, the king Apshad in Adityasena king Kumara Gupta II, then king Damodara Gupta defeated the rebels Isanavarman - a valiant general had chased the army Andhra, Sulika, Hung GAUDA and barbarians, were honored on Haraha inscriptions. Later the king Mahasena Gupta was defeated rebels Susthivarman.
It was more name 14 successive kings for over half a century is Budha Gupta (477-495), Tathagata Gupta, Krishna Gupta, Harsha Gupta, Gupta Jivita-I,-III Kumara Gupta, Damodara Gupta, Mahasena Gupta, Madhava Deva Gupta and Gupta-II, Adityasena, Deva Gupta-III, III-Jiva Gupta. The court also did nothing to save the glorious state until the last king is Vishnu Gupta, the Gupta era terminated about 550.
Gupta After the collapse, the internal forces scrambled home in a Concubine long time. Among them is significantly Valabhi, Gujarata, Nandipuri, Maukhari origin of Magadha, Malwa emirates next post Guptas in Magadha, the land of Bengal, Nepal, and Kamarupa in Assam valley.
Gupta After the collapse, the internal forces scrambled home in a Concubine long time. Among them is significantly Valabhi, Gujarata, Nandipuri, Maukhari origin of Magadha, Malwa emirates next post Guptas in Magadha, the land of Bengal, Nepal, and Kamarupa in Assam valley.
By the early 7th century, eventually countervailing forces to gather in the hands of two families is significantly Shashanka King of GAUDA (Lower Bengal) after accounting for the merger origin Orissa consecutive majority territory in the valley Ganges; and families in northern Delhi Puspabhukti are mighty; Harsavardhana until the last king is dominated galaxies.
B. Legacy of the Gupta era:
Nowadays people know much about this era based on ancient coins, inscriptions, to long, and the works of ancient Sanskrit text. But Indian territorial reign is not large by the time the Maurya and Gupta line lasted 200 years, but was generally considered by historians as the golden age of classical Indian country. The industry literature, the arts, medicine, astronomy, mathematics, architecture, religion and philosophy of India flourishes; Should the economic prolific urban development and wealth.
Buddha Statue at Gupta, TK 5th.
Like many times before, the first Catholic king, at the BLM director to the court but the cult following and supporting PG. King Kumara Gupta I have to build and protect Nalanda PHV. Then later king Narasimha Gupta has ceded the throne to which the monks at Nalanda do. BLM and PG teachers seem to be under this blend. However, Indian society during the Gupta period initially still heavy on discipline and order in accordance with the class distinction of Ba-la-subject teachers.
Under Gupta Sanskrit literature reached its peak; PG literature is often written in Pali previously been translated into Sanskrit; twenty-eight of the monastic caves at Ajanta frescoes with creative masterpieces were created flexibility. Ajanta is located in western Maharashtra, a part of the kingdom Vakataka allied with Gupta. Art and literature also culminate PG under this through the art oven Mathura and Sarnath reputation, and from there spread to the islands of Southeast Asia and Burma, Siam-la, Cards foot Greek, Laos and Linyi. Temple architecture, sculpture and metallurgy reached a very high art. Head Meharulli iron, Delhi - which many scholars to be the king Chandra Gupta II due to set up - though far more than 16 centuries has stood still not impervious to rust. But to date the temples built during the Vaishnavite this as Tigawa in Jabalpur in 415, another house built in the year 510 Deogarhnear Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh and Bhita in most desolate ruins.
Many writers, part contest, celebrated ascetics pundits as Harishena, Vasubandhu (The Body), Asangha (cylindrical shell), Kalidasa, Dandi, Visakhadatta, Shudraka, and Bharavi also appeared at this time. The fear (Shastras), reasoning legend (Puranas) religions are also famous compositions, including canons of art famous love 'Kama Sutra'. Great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa's Meghdoot India and works with two Kumarsanhita also served during the reign of Chandra Gupta II.
Particularly in mathematics, Varahamihira gave perhaps the concept of number, infinity in the essay 'Bhrihatasamhita'. At the same time the expression of numbers from 1 to 9, and the number of 'no' (zero: circle signs taken from '0 'represents the fullness of the law no PG) was the initiative at this time, but the Arabs after passing through the western system was gradually replaced by Roman numbers.
The astronomer Aryabhatta discovered and proved pi is the earth round the year 499. They also calculated according to the solar calendar 365 358 days and the shifting of the planet relative accuracy.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.5/4/2014.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
No comments:
Post a Comment