What things have we bound? What in this life that we have to hold onto it so? The answer would be: the "world". For the Buddhist text that includes all: it's not just a man's world, but also of the heavenly, gods, animals, demons hell, hungry ghosts, saints and all All other existing areas.
It's hard to know what this vast world is, because there are a number of forms that we can not see; often, we only see what appears on the surface, it is the outer layer consisting of things relative to the actual contact with the intelligence of the average human. The main reason that Buddhism has to teach us about a "world" includes all whole field.
According to his teachings, the Buddha divided the world into two: the physical world or the world of physical and non-physical and physical or mental. Then He divided the world into four mental, so if you bring the physical world in addition to that, there will be five elements and all the Buddha referred to as "the first-year composition" (the five aggregates) . In the discussion of the world below, we will be particularly interested in the world of the living creatures contain (possibly referred to as "sentient beings" or "bring sensual beings" but a Vietnamese books call number is wrong is "sentient"!) and among them will be special emphasis on people, because the world is causing all the problems. Five components are mentioned where human existence: the physical body of man is the physical structure, the human mind consists of the remaining four structures (so should understand the word "world" is the five aggregates of themselves and all other phenomena of this world) .
The first structure of mind is left feeling ( vedana - sold ), this structure consists of three possible forms: interest or satisfaction, or dissatisfaction unpleasant, and neutral feeling unpleasant news is not difficult subject, however it is also a form of sensual. In normal times, always feeling left out with us, so we are overwhelmed by sensory experience, that's why Buddhism see sensual as a component created in the human mind .
The second structure of the mind is the perception ( Sanna - idea ), it is a process that helps assist context aware around, roughly the same as waking, contrary to the ideals of the time sleeping or death. That process requires both memory and sensual knowledge, and therefore it includes sensual at the same time the initial (current happening) arising from the exposure of an object to the eye, ear , nose, tongue or body and the sensual memories had in the past. Therefore we can directly identify the color, size, genre ... of an object, and also identify the characteristics that have occurred previously by receding past due into memory.
Configure third case of mind is positive thinking ( Sankhara - out, that expression, intention ... ), it was thought that we would do something or say something, Can there be a thinking nature good or bad, only thinking one thing attention, proactive nature.
Configuring the fourth sensual knowledge ( viňňāna - form ), it is a function of mind knowing help (be aware, understand) the objects of sense - that is visual, auditory , smell, taste, and touch (the body colliding with) ... and again both by the consciousness (ie, there is an understanding that arises from the combination of what is perceived from the sense organs and sensory knowledge - consciousness) .
Four secondary structure and part of her physical body provides the basis for four kinds of clinging have been presented in Chapter IV. It is best to stop here to read the fourth chapter to learn how savvy real four attachment types. And we will know that this year has made the structure of the object both as a basis for attachment and the fear of us. I tend to identify themselves through the structure of it, and depending on your level of ignorance that we will identify themselves as belonging to any structure with the structure of that year. For example, a child should suffer from banging his head on a door, it went for a rock door, huh angry and feel less pain. In other words it is the way that it look like the door is a "man", but it was just a physical entity entirely, was clinging to one of the most primitive level. Meanwhile, for an adult, when floating around on his body, then he is likely to get the first punch up his hand, that's how he self-identifies himself through his own body, relatively Like baby look like a door body outside the body that made it painful.
For someone a little smarter than they know themselves identify themselves through their sense of touch, his feel for the material, his thinking and his knowledge sensual, yet he still not be used to distinguish the one and only known structure to identify themselves based on the totality of those things.
In addition to self-identify their cases through the physical body as above, it is easy to generate its tendency to identify themselves through the sense of touch , though for that sensual kind of pleasant, painful or neutral. For example, one case was conquered by the sensual extremely interesting, such as the carry all sorts of wonderful things color, form, sound, scent, taste sweet, smooth touch makes you faint Right from the heart to the body. In that case sensual personality will carry interest, and the interest arising from the feeling that will make us cling to them. Typically, people are claiming their presence felt through his senses, and it is not very difficult to understand because all people love sensual things pleasant, especially for tactile, immediate is the sense of feeling arising from the collision of the skin. Ignorance and illusion makes us blind that we only see the object of pleasure to cling to them and to call it "I". Sensual, interesting though unpleasant, are a basis of true suffering. On the more spiritual it can sure feel that sense synonymous with suffering because it only brings grief to mind: excitement makes it shaken, the damned uncomfortable it is. Originally, lost, happiness or grief, just as all forms of consciousness fluctuated only, we make the right mind spinning like a gyroscope. What is presented is just clinging by their self-identification through sensual.
We really need to understand thoroughly the process here. If the mind is capable of receiving a sensual merely an object of attachment, it will liberate yourself easily. The sensual habits often control the flow of consciousness, it enticed us into situations where we have to regret later. Buddha outlined the path that will help us to achieve perfection (ie to form or fullness of the A-la-han) , and along the way he always vigilant we must know the truth observations careful study and learn the sensual phenomena upon. It should be understood that there were so many people escape suffering and attain perfection by sensual consciousness just a mere object of the sá t (see the sense of what feels like "outside "and does not recognize them as" I "or the" mine ") .
Jack anything dangerous than other constituents, because it can be turned into the basis for attachment of us, the real reason is simply because all the stir and all our actions are oriented in a sense feel like most early goal. We try to study, to work to make money, use that money to buy everything for themselves: from everyday items to food, entertainment, delicacies in restaurants including weight and sex. I was the beneficiary of the second with a single purpose: to create for yourself and enjoy sensual, in other words it is the stimulus that brings joy to the eye, ear, nose, tongue and body. I put all the money, energy and spirit of its sole objective is to seek to find the sensual pleasure. But from the deepest of our hearts, each of us should understand that not remove all capital education, public, only the pursuit of energy to find a bit of beneficiary identifiable enjoy sensual way.
Hence, it is evident that what was shown above are really very key things. Recognizing and understanding the importance of the sense of touch will help us control them, beyond their grip, that gives us the ability to carry out their responsibilities more effectively.
Likewise, the social problems arising from sensual things interesting, and if you look carefully, we also see the conflict between nations or between blocks occurred trim powers such the past is because both sides are enslaved by sensual things interesting (benefits, food to eat, wealth, land ...) . War does not happen because of faith in dogma, as the ideal or anything else, but just to aim at finding interesting things sensual (robbed) . Each faction have imagined that I would get everything collected profits and wealth. Ism is only one thing better disguise or if it is just a minor motor. Deepest causes leading to the conflict is the event not resist the imposition of sensual delight. Understand what sensual means is aware of the most important reasons that we have in things slave pollution of the mind, to the evil and suffering everything (please note not explain the great master Buddhadasa sensual limits in the context of a process of physical and psychological, which looked far more like that very much and have proven to us that there is an underlying cause to bring things to people suffering from the damned things have personality conflicts so large on a global scale and humanity. This is a very broad vision, and philosophy deeply felt sense) .
If you see that the general condition of the human world, it can also be understood as the natural person is no better. They also dominated by sensual pleasure, and may be even more of us. Although they may look at him as a glamor aspect more subtle, but not so low that they are more attracted by things that bring amazing visual experience from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and consciousness. For more news gods of the celestial beings, the sensual things interesting on this sort of course excluded, but still have a interesting stuff to create cause for attachment: it is an interesting exercise associated with the promotion of deep focus (focus deeply - from the top - not enough to bring liberation, because it takes longer to find deeper contemplation of the nature of all things - ie religious knowledge) . When the mind concentrate deeply will feel an excitement, a sense of fun making it cling to consciousness (of the gods can form in the sense described in the preceding sentence) . Every human lower animals, are of course going to be sensual prey in a form more vulgar than us. Understanding the nature of sensory experience and is aware that we are not sensual and do not have a reason to cling to them so that they assimilate themselves, then there would be a real synergy valuable to us in this life.
The feeling (Sanna- ideal ) is also another aspect of consciousness is very easy to recognize. For example, the idyllic asserted that during sleep, there will be something called the "soul" out from the body, and the body becomes an inanimate piece of wood, completely lost ability to feel any sense of how sensory stimuli. When that "penis" integration back to the body, then the knowledge along with mental shape in time can be recovered provinces. A lot of people assimilate a naive way "penis" with "ego". But Buddha preached that do not necessarily feel compelled to relate to the existence of a "human fish". The overall feeling is just a feeling and sense of including the anniversary, which means it is the accumulated knowledge and feel certain will continue until the present body is still operating a normally. When the function of the body is disturbed, what we call the "feel" will change and discontinued operations. That is the reason why the true Buddhism does not accept assimilation perception with a "I" (ego) can bring personality. Therefore, meticulous research and insightful truth in accordance with the teachings of the Buddha will bring the opposite result and show that the perception is unrelated to a "self", it is only the bring results from a natural process, no more no less.
Another reason causing cling arising from positive thinking ( Sankhara - executive, attention, memory, expression, karma ), it's how planners will implement something or something to occupy that, it is an act of consciousness (mind, volition, only the action) , and it can be good or bad in nature. Thinking is the basis of creating a strong identification of a personality I can bring. It tells us that if you want to identify yourself as something the event "thinking" will serve as their highest priority for self help to identify themselves. For that reason, a philosopher of the seventeenth century (René Descartes, 1596-1650, a mathematician, physicist and philosopher famous French) has built all its philosophy based on the assumption following: "I think that is my existence" (original in Latin by R. Decartes first raised in 1634 as "Cogito, ergo sum." Then he continued to develop more and 1641, the call went a little to avoid the "Ego sum, ego existo" means "I'm like this [ie] I exist", R. Decartes can see loopholes in the subject because he raised, but what was wrong, despite trying to avoid by all means it is still fundamentally wrong. example we set opposite R. Descartes' proposition as follows: "Before you think I know when I do not and after thinking I was not thinking anymore, I exist or not? "One person in a coma - coma - or totally insane and becomes silly, does not know who he is, there exists or not? Or a crazy person that just in my head is full of evil, stabbing and bloody, screaming and just know they have enough to think "I like this [ie] I exist" or no? Indeed, the problem raised by R. Decartes on here far too naive and childish, but unfortunately it has a tremendous impact on the cultural background and ideology of the modern West) . The philosophers of science of the period we have not shown progress at all on this topic: because they have thousands of years of thinking still think that is the basis for determining an individual ego , according to their "ego" is the thinking person. As we have seen, to the Buddha as well as the sense of touch to feel things had not created the "I". He also denied both always thinking, ie thinking forms of consciousness, such as a fall, because the activity detected in the form of thinking is just a process of purely natural way . Thinking arising from interactions result of a long chain of events that happened before. It's just an overall structure consisting of different components to create an "individual" and absolutely not the show's overall existence is "I" or an "I" at all. Hence we can hold the opinion that the "thinking" do not contain any personal entity, similar to the case of the secondary structure presented in this case.
The reason for understanding on this issue is also difficult because of the nature of the mind is not fully understood. We know quite well about the body, ie the physical structure, but did not know much about the mind, which is a more general structure of the non-material substance. For this problem also think just briefly raised the Buddha preached that "individual" is an overall structure including the first year, both mental physical medium. When what we call "thinking" display appears, then immediately looked into it so that there is "someone" behind (thinking that) , as one who stood up for failure think, a body dominated soul, or something like that. But Buddha totally rejected that view. When we analyze the so-called "individual" into five components (the five aggregates) , you will not get anything back, it was found that only the ingredients are present, but "man" is No. Thinking is not doing better, would not prove the existence of the self, as is commonly believed.
The final structure is sensual knowledge ( viňňāna - form ), it is only functional integrity help sense objects by the five senses know things. And certain it is not a fish I can do both. The agency (sensual) simply recognized the role of color, shape, sound, smell, taste and tangible objects, they directly impact the agency's (also please note more is knowledge itself is a sensual bodies and the objects it is perceived by the mental image, ie the physical and non-physical substance) . The result will be a sense of the mentioned objects are formed in three different stages (sensory feel - feel - positive thinking) . For example, in case vision will happen transparent awareness about the shape of the object being observed, there can be a human or an animal, big or small, pale or blackened , etc. .. The sense of a process that is completely machine itself operate automatically (depending on business, personal experience and my education ...) . But some people claim that there is "soul" and it can enter or exit the body, be the first to receive stimulation through sensual organs, and the "I" then resided in the soul. The Buddhist people just see it as a natural operation, when there is an object of visual contact with the eyes and the optic nerve of the eye, an image will appear, and from that image formation into a visual knowledge. Again the operation of the above process shows that do not need to have a presence of the self.
After analyzing "a being", and divided it up into individual constituents - ie physical, sensory experience, perception, thinking and sensual knowledge - then we will not find anything Can I see what it is, or belongs to a self. Thus we can reject entirely the idea was wrong to conclude that nothing can be an ego or a self contained whole. People do not grasp objects, not love them or hate them, there was consistency can see him getting very personality-down of all things. Just thanks to the rational thinking is enough to prove that there is no ego, but usually it only represents a belief or an opinion, not a bar to see the transparency, full area that cuts permanent attachment to a "me". That is why we should learn things very thoroughly in the structure based on three premises allowed to practice in order to promote an internal consistency that makes it capable of removing the cling to the idea of the existence of an ego. Allowed to practice in order to promote intellectual and eliminate ignorance. In summary ourselves to see for ourselves how the structure does not have an ego that at all, and does not have the self worth to cling to it, and thus all forms of attachment, including the first power exists from birth, which will end permanently. Therefore, we must learn to deepen the understanding of the structure in order to resist the basis for the myth of a "me". Buddha emphasized this aspect of his teachings and can be summarized as follows: " There is no structure of any of the five aggregates is the self ». This is a very key point in Buddhist teachings, whether in terms of philosophy, science and religion too. Once aware of the fact that the attachment and fear - arising from ignorance - will vanish, and desire no longer a way to detect it anymore, and so the suffering will terminated.
So why do we not made aware of the correct structure for the first year of its nature? When a student does not know anything about the world around them, then are we starting to gain an understanding of what happened thanks to the teaching context around us, and how We convey our understanding to the hidden always thought I was having a lie in individual objects (the newborn baby, it does not differentiate the difference between it and the surrounding context, gradually through experience what it recognizes that it is different around with it - for example, it was next to the table and started to make it hurt - the understanding that gives it the idea of a separate ego it from the surrounding context, such as a table) . It is motivating belief in a self, revolutionary and most primitive instincts that have arisen since the last baby was born, and the strength of that momentum continues to increase constantly according to the time line time. In the area of language and communication, we use words like "I", "me", "she", "it" ... and it is also a way to increase further the idea of a " I ". We also often stated as follows: "This is Mr. X, this is Mrs. Y. Z. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. nephew W". The way I said it encourages self-identify themselves as a "human fish". Therefore no one interested in giving us learn why I cling to what I like, and he is clinging on growing more only. Meanwhile, if I have to cling to is the natural outcome to happen: it is selfishness will arise, that selfishness reflected in every act of our daily (and understandably so advocates of Mahayana Buddhism and the Dalai Lama's compassion launched vigorously to dissolve selfishness, and there is also an indirect way to destroy the ego of himself) . If we give full play to the restaurant received wisdom is that a mistake, then we will not dwell on the thought here is Mr. X, Mrs. Y here, and they belong in the class society, there are people or animals, etc. .. and we will realize that this name is the only term that humans invent to use for communication only. When you understand that it can also tell that we escaped a "fraud of society" (people in society communicate with each other using "conventional", ie a "cahoots "or" tacit understanding "with each other, things did not reflect the truth at all, and the authors see it as a form of" cheating "in the life of society) . When we examine the overall X created him, then we will realize he is just a combination including physical, sensory experience, perception, thinking and sensual knowledge. It is a way of looking at all things more wisely (not be fooled by the "fraud" of revolutionary insight convention) . Achieving such as helping us avoid the trap due to relatively stretched the truth in this world.
Also we can push the analysis further here. For body composition such material, we can divide it into several components - soil, water, air and fire - or use science to analyze it into carbon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. more ... When further analysis, we find ourselves less as the illusion of a "human individual" more fool us. When you see what is hidden beneath the illusion that they're going to realize it was just the structure of matter and spirit. Look under the edges, then "human fish" will disappear. The thought of Mr. X, Mrs. Y or a certain social class would disappear. The thought of "my children, my husband, my wife ..." also disappeared. As we know all things look in the light of absolute truth, we are the only visible things the structure , and if a careful analysis of the structure that we will find a common denominator for all: there is emptiness . In each structure, the analysis of which we do not have a structure that is not the emptiness of what we call "ego". All of us have the ability to see the absence of such consistency (of the self) . When you see things that are consistent attachment and fear will no longer reason to exist and be prolonged. They disappear, dissolve, and permanently fly into the air, no trace save a whole.
No more animals, no more man, no longer a part of, such other constituents. There was nothing but emptiness, ie, the absence of "the self". If not stopped grasp objects again, we will not know what suffering is. One person felt the emptiness of all things, and if anyone tried to assess her and give her a good or wicked people, happy or sad, or whatever, are also can not make yourself be swayed iota. That is the result gained from understanding, that is, the smooth and the inner sense of transparency about the true nature of things in the structure. This understanding will help us to completely eliminate cling four things.
In summary, in this world all things are in order in the structure - ie physical, sensory experience, perception, thinking, feeling and sensory knowledge (in other words, all this world structure arising from the first year of it: this is a very close perspective Consciousness Studies in Mahayana Buddhism) . Each structure where we have created for the mistake, because even though it does not contain a "self" at all, but it can still be clinging agitation and fear of us. So a normal human desire is always to possess, desires are formed, or not to possess, or do not wish to be formed. This shows that although in either case, are also brought suffering, the suffering is not necessarily expose middle of day, but it really is very discreet. So better to each one of us should follow the teachings of morality, concentration and wisdom (three permitted practice) , to help her permanent exclusion and root-related hallucinations year secondary structure with (five aggregates) . That is the path to freedom, liberation from all suffering. Life becomes pure and wonderful, the mind will rise above all things, all will remain so until the last day in this life. This is brought about from the shop that deep, bright and perfect for the first-year composition.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.16/3/2014.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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