Giáo sư Phật học Jan Nattier -- khoa Tôn giáo học, Đại học Indiana (Department of Religious Studies, Indiana University Bloomington), Hoa Kỳ -- có một bài biên khảo rất công phu về nguồn gốc Bát-nhã Tâm kinh:
Bà kết luận:
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In this paper I have sought to demonstrate, primarily on the basis of philological evidence, that a flow chart of the relationships among the Sanskrit and Chinese versions of the Large Sutra and the Heart Sutra can reasonably be drawn in only one sequence: from the Sanskrit Large Sutra to the Chinese Large Sutra of Kumarajlva (Cưu-ma-la-thập) to the Chinese Heart Sutra (Tâm kinh) popularized by Hsiian-tsang (Huyền Trang) to the Sanskrit Heart Sutra. To assume any other direction of transmission would present insuperable difficulties - or would, at the very least, require postulating a quite convoluted series of processes, which (by virtue of this very convolution) seems considerably less likely to have taken place.
A second level of argument - and one that need not be accepted in order to validate the hypothesis of a Chinese-to-Sanskrit transmission of the Heart Sutra - has been offered in support of the role of Hsiian-tsang in the transmission of the Chinese Heart Sutra to India, and perhaps even in the translation of the text into Sanskrit. While the circumstantial evidence of his involvement with the text (and, in particular, of his recitation of the text en route to India) is sufficient to convince this writer that he is the most likely carrier of this sutra to the West, one need not accept this portion of the argument in order to conclude that the Sanskrit Heart Sutra is indeed a translation from the Chinese.
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Tải về để đọc toàn văn bài biên khảo (Anh ngữ): Nattier_Heart_Sutra.pdf (4.8 Mb).END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.25/8/2013.THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.
- Jan Nattier. 1992. The Heart Sūtra: a Chinese apocryphal text? Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies. Vol. 15 (2), p.153-223.
Bà kết luận:
(...)
In this paper I have sought to demonstrate, primarily on the basis of philological evidence, that a flow chart of the relationships among the Sanskrit and Chinese versions of the Large Sutra and the Heart Sutra can reasonably be drawn in only one sequence: from the Sanskrit Large Sutra to the Chinese Large Sutra of Kumarajlva (Cưu-ma-la-thập) to the Chinese Heart Sutra (Tâm kinh) popularized by Hsiian-tsang (Huyền Trang) to the Sanskrit Heart Sutra. To assume any other direction of transmission would present insuperable difficulties - or would, at the very least, require postulating a quite convoluted series of processes, which (by virtue of this very convolution) seems considerably less likely to have taken place.
A second level of argument - and one that need not be accepted in order to validate the hypothesis of a Chinese-to-Sanskrit transmission of the Heart Sutra - has been offered in support of the role of Hsiian-tsang in the transmission of the Chinese Heart Sutra to India, and perhaps even in the translation of the text into Sanskrit. While the circumstantial evidence of his involvement with the text (and, in particular, of his recitation of the text en route to India) is sufficient to convince this writer that he is the most likely carrier of this sutra to the West, one need not accept this portion of the argument in order to conclude that the Sanskrit Heart Sutra is indeed a translation from the Chinese.
(...)
Tải về để đọc toàn văn bài biên khảo (Anh ngữ): Nattier_Heart_Sutra.pdf (4.8 Mb).END=NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.25/8/2013.THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.
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