The Buddha Taught That. ************************************************ |
Chapter VIII: Buddhism and the world today
Chapter Eight
BUDDHISM AND THE WORLD TODAY
Some people think that Buddhism too mysterious subliminal, unable to practice are by men, women often in our world every day, and if you want to become a true Buddhists, they need to give this life to retreat to a monastery or to a quiet place.
Ðấy is a sad misconceptions due to the lack of understanding of the Buddha's teachings. people often come to the wrong conclusions and rush, after accidentally heard or read something about Buddhism by an author not understanding the problem, put forward a conception of bias and subjectivity of Buddhism. Buddhist teachings are not only essential for the clergy of the monastery, but also for the men and women in family life renunciation. Bowl of legitimacy, a Buddhist lifestyle, is available to all without distinction.
Not everyone in the world can a monk or a recluse in a cave or mountain forest. Buddhist ethics though sublime in the morning to go, will also useless for humanity if the masses can not practice in daily life. But if understand the true spirit of Buddhism (rather than just understand noun), sure I can practice my Buddha while still life.
There are some who see easy tu according to Buddha if was in a remote place separate from society. Also have you seen the seclusion that make them not upset both mental and physical, and so does lifestyle does not work for the development of the spiritual and intellectual life.
The recluse dignified does not mean that the body should permanently alienating world. Ton echo benefits-pseudo-Xa (Sariputta) principal disciples of the Buddha, saying that a person could live in the Woods dedicated ascetic seclusion that the mind still full of thoughts impure cell infection, while another person might live in villages or urban, not practice squeezing, which the mind back in the clean configuration not UE. For two people, false religious symbolism and the ECHO, who live life clean between certain urban village is than people living in jungle multiplayer [1].
The usual concept that like to follow Buddhist teachings one must retreat, is a misconception. In Buddhist literature, there is a lot of room to those men and women to live a normal family life which still effectively practice what Buddha taught, experimental and Nirvana. Du singer Vacchagotta (which we have seen in the chapter on egolessness), one day ask Buddha has male and female disciples would live his family life, which is the result thanks to follow His teachings, reaching the high spiritual State not transcendental. Buddha's answer is not only one of two people, one hundred, five hundred, but also much more than that, those men and women have family life renunciation by the doctrine He efficiently and achieve the status of subliminal spirituality [2].
For some people, it can be soothing comfort of living secluded life in a quiet place, away from the noisy really bothered. But it's definitely worth more acclaim, courage, those who practice Buddhism and still live among the types, help them out and do benefits for them. Perhaps in some cases would be useful for a person if live some time to cultivate the mind and temperament-like practice before the knowledge about morality and spirituality-to later can afford help. But if a man lives for a lifetime in solitary only thinking of happiness and "Salvation" for itself, regardless of the type, then this is definitely not in line with the Buddha's teachings which basics on love, compassion and help others.
Now we can ask: "If a person can follow Buddhism while living the life of Buddha, then secular renunciation created mass Increase-elderly (Sangha) do?" This old man-increase Communists bolster ties create opportunities for those who would like to donate his life not only for the development of knowledge and spirituality in itself, but also to help others. A homeless musician whose family donated his lifetime's hard serve kind, while an Increase, because there is no family responsibilities or obligations of secular, can donate their lifetime benefit for many people, for peace and happiness for many people "on the advice of the Buddhas ... which in the course of historynot only Buddhist monastery, a centre of spiritual work, but also a cultural and academic center.
The Buddhist monks living in community life in the monastery lies between the town or in the villages. In all of the Buddhist clergy, keep single lifestyle it everyday except some sects in Japan and Tibet permit clergy are married-but this is an apparent rules be introduced very shortly after. Buddhist monks do not have private property except for a minimum number of essential, but they have the right to use public property by the countries which host worship for the mass Increase. So there are many monasteries, the famous ancient convent, owns the land in order to maintain the life clergy in monasteries. The monks and Buddhist monasteries are the public donation; they are provided with the necessary supplies. In the past, clergy usually Hanh real living by qifu mumo, begging. Due to changes in the economy at present, the does practice gradually disappeared, although there are still thousands of people continue to keep France qifu mumo carried, especially in the Southern origin by Tong as Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, Phone, Cam, etc. The monks live in urban areas or villages have two missions: the first is for a part time study and meditation in order to progress on the spiritual and intellectual; the second is teaching the young to the pagoda, looking after the needs and beliefs of secular, renunciation of self maintenance business instructor, Institute for mass on those occasions, about the individuals and groups, control the religious Club, organized the society of work and social security, and so on. There are monks living in the forest separated the entire society, spent the virulent spread for his lifetime meditation [3].
My Friendly beings [4] demonstrates the Buddha respected renunciation of life, the family and the social interaction.
A young man named Sigàla well as Sky father, usually six cult ceremony method – East, West, North, South, above, below. Buddha told him that in the Holy precepts (ariyassavinaye) of His teachings, his approach six means. Under the law, the East as parents; the South is the master; the West is his wife; to the North is the charming friends, neighbors; the bottom is the servant, boat builders and labourers; on the monk, The Brahmin subject. Buddha worshipping ceremony should six method. Here the word cult ceremony (namasseyya) is very significant, because it is just what a cult ceremony, sacred, to worshippers. Buddhist ethics view of six family groups and societies on this is sacred, worthy and respected grave personality cult. But the ritual cult? Buddha one can speed up the ceremony by doing his duty round for those. These obligations are clearly preaching Buddhist teachings in the sermon for the Good being.
-Firstly: the parents is sacred for females. Buddha said: "a parent is God" (Brahmàti màtàpitaro). The noun God (Brahma, Brahma) only lofty concepts the most sacred in Hindu religious thought, which had included his parents. By the day of the family according to the pure Buddha into real children, "Bai" parents every day morning and evening. They have to do several fuselage but the duty to follow the law of Buddha: Must parents care when old, must do whatever it needed to do for my parents, to keep family honor and followed family tradition, to protect the property his parents leave, and making the funeral after his parents died. For again, parents also have a number of obligations with respect to children: they have to keep their children away from the railway line, to encourage them to do the good and the benefit, must educate them fully, to marry him to marry them in the family, and to divide assets for equity.
-Monday: contact between the teacher and the game. The student must respect, obedience must take care of the master if the master has something more essential, must study hard. And the response, the teacher must be trained adequately pupil, are taught thoroughly, to introduce your friends to it, and are trying to make the guarantee jobs for it after school.
-Tuesday: contact between husband and wife. The love between husband and wife is seen almost as sacred or religious; called "the sacred family life" (sadàrabrahmacariya). Here, too, the meaning of the word brahma, Brahma needs to be mindful: Buddhist Ethics for these lofty respect for. Husband and wife are loyalty, respect and dedication to one another, and they have some duty to each other. The husband must always respect the wife, not lack of respected for his wife, to guarantee the life and comfort for his wife, and the wife happy by donating her clothes and jewels (Buddha events don't forget to mention all the presents a husband should love his wife, testimony enough to donate the full set., his delicate sympathy for human affection.) For again, the wife must takes care of the chores to do, please visitors, friends, and those who do, are loving, loyal husband, to preserve her husband's money earned, are tactful and strength in every job.
-Wednesday: contact between friends, her children, neighbors: they are nice with one another, mannered easy going mine, do benefit to another, are the peace tastes together don't make wood, have to help each other when needed, and don't give each other during the tribulation.
-Thursday: contact between home and me: homeowners are more duty to the servant or employment: must be assigned work according to ability and effort, to pay proper wages, have to provide medications, sometimes have to give gifts. For the left or the right professional need not be indolence, is honest, obedient and not deception, must diligently work to do.
-Friday: contact between the monks with secular people: with loving regards, secular people have to takes care of the physical demands of the sa, la; with compassionate nun is declared knowledge and understanding for the secular, and led them to the Chief Justice, far from railway lines.
So we see according to the Buddha, secular life with social family relationships are also included in the "Holy precepts", and also within the framework of the Buddhist way of life.
Thus in the Samyutta Nikaya, Samyuttanikàya, one of the oldest God, Pàli (Sakka), King of the Sun (Devas) declared that the veneration of monks live life Holy virtue but also respect the secular renunciation (pros she rules, upàsaka) do the merit, virtue and maintain their families in a manner that France [5].
If you want to become a Buddhist people don't need anything right through a leading (or baptism). But would like to become a Bhikkhu on stilts, an element of mass Increase, one must cross a long time keep up law and learning. Person if the Buddha's teachings to understand, make sure this is the leader, and if efforts to adhere to the doctrine, they became a Buddhist.
But in the tradition of thousands of old times in the Buddhist country, a person is considered Buddhist if returned refuge Buddha, Dharma (doctrine) and Increase (mass Increase)-known as the three jewels, Triple Crown-and begin to observe five precepts (Pancasila [1]), the minimum spiritual duties of a Buddhist in her: 1. don't kill (kill b. network), 2. khôngtrộmcắp. 3. non-deviant sex (adultery), 4. don't lie, 5. do not drink the chemicals do drunk. The Buddhist kneel pieced together before a Buddha statue or Chedi (stùpa dàgàba), repeat the formula, often by refuge pàli, according to a monk. At the ceremony, usually the Court congregation these words under a tank.
There is a further appearance would a Buddhist is required to do. Buddhist ethics is a lifestyle, and that keep bowls of legitimacy. Of course in all of Buddhism have the remain very nice and simple on the Buddhist holidays. in monasteries often has a Chedi (stùpa, dàgàba), is a TV station of arch shape with Buddhist symbolism, the Bodhi tree, Buddha (patimàghara). The stupa, the Bodhi tree, Buddha statues, three things are to be worshipped. Buddhist temples usually on full moon full moon, mồng mồng, an eight, harm the three lunar calendar. They praise the three refuge and five men, kneeling in front of one of the three objects of worship. Then they lit incense and flowers rising lights, chant the Buddha's merit praise shelves, France, Increase. should not see it as well as the prayer in the theistic religion. Ðấy is just one way admire, in memory of the masters have taught The Street. then when they listen to lectures.
On the full moon day, the expected one, thousands of Buddhists observe slapped or eight (uposathasìla, atthangasìla):
1. non;
2. do not steal; 3. do not take sex [6]; 4. do not lie; 5. do not drink alcohol; 6. do not eat after Wu; 7. not sit pretty high beds; 8. Don't Dance, sing, play, used Corolla and aroma.
Typically, eight Buddhists in round-the-clock at the temple to meditate, listen to France, chanting and discussing France.
The largest Buddhist ceremony in since the April full moon on Vesak celebration, to even the Buddha's day of birth, enlightenment and Nirvana. On that day, every house, pagoda, streets are decorated with flowers, lights and the Buddhist flag in six colors. Thousands of extra men he's childhood to the temple; hundreds of free eateries were opened by the society of Buddhists to serve the pilgrims. Then a spirit of compassion, love, harmony, peace and joy permeate throughout humanity.
In Buddhism there is no baptism; but when a child is born, the parents it brought to the temple to do the first exodus tour, put baby foot of Buddha to monks chanting blessed it. Even before the baby is born, people also sometimes monks came to the House to demand security for mothers, pregnant.
Monks are not performed for the wedding. The wedding took place at the home of Buddhists is a celebration of civil, just contact us to society; but it is thought it a religious properties by bringing into it the Buddhist elements, such as for a group of young men or maidens praise the bless shelf post. The monks then never attend the wedding, especially the origin by Southern tribes. But one can sometimes increase the donation alms (dàna) a day or two before or after the wedding; on the occasion of a friar, he said a voice in France suggest that new couples live a happy life in harmony according to the word of Buddha.
In contrast, Buddhist monks are usually made for the funerals, and a strengthened mandate to mourn her.
When a Buddhist is sick, very often when people invite monks to chanting an bridge called Pirit or paritta (that is, households). This ceremony is common for Buddhists. In most of the temples, occasionally to celebrate this ceremony as a celebration for all security requirements; the celebration can last all day and night nonstop, in a two-day or week or longer.
The traditional worshipping ceremony, though not essential, still has value in that it satisfies those feelings and the needs of religion where people who have not yet developed mentally and spirituality to help them gradually step by legitimacy [7].
Those who think that Buddhism is only interested in the ideals, ethical and philosophical thought divine, not counting the social and economic welfare of the people, be wrong l m. The Buddha is very interested in the happiness of man. For him, cannot be happy without living a pure life, based on the principles of ethics and spirituality. But you know that living a life so difficult in the social and physical conditions are not favorable.
Buddhism does not see material happiness itself is saved: it is just a means to reach a more noble. But it is a much needed vehicle to fulfill a higher purpose for the happiness of mankind. By world recognized to Buddhist couple the minimum material conditions are necessary to practice results-even for a monk meditating in a place she President [8].
The Buddha does not consider the personal life separate from the social and economic context. He looks at life, in all aspects of economic, social and political. The teachings on matters of ethics, philosophy and spirituality have been quite popular. But they know little about his teachings in these social issues, economics and politics. Yet many of his lecture discusses the problems he scattered throughout the ancient texts of Buddhism. Let's take a few examples:
My Turn for rotating the lion hống (Cakkavattisìhanàdasutta, school of Nikaya 26) stating that poverty (dàliddiya) is the cause of the infidels and crimes such as theft, deviant then, violence, enmity, evil, etc. The Kings, as well as the Government, trying to crackdown on crime with penalties. My Kùtadantasutta the same Ministry he explained the futility of punishment, said that the method will never succeed. Instead, the Buddha recommended to take advantage of the removal of original sin, the need to improve the economic conditions of the people, the need to give the peasant and serf phu seeds and cultivation methods, which must be provided to the merchants and traders; proper direction salaries have to be paid to the labourers. When people are offered the opportunity to earn revenues sufficient they will consent not to fear, anxiety, and so that the country would be peaceful, without the guilt.
So the Buddha teaches the renunciation in the importance of improving economic circumstances. This does not mean He shared the hoarding of property with the greedy binding, because it opposed the doctrine, nor He shared any means of subsistence. There are few commercial craft such as the production and sale of gas about getting Him banned, viewed as the means of subsistence misdeed as we've seen before.
A man named Dìghajànu one day to visit the Buddha and asked: "How White T n, we are secular people, living life, having his wife and child. Please Germany That philosophy teaches you theory to help us be happy in this life and the hereafter. "
The Buddha taught him that there are four things to help human happiness in this life:
-The first is to own, vehement, performance and strength in any job you do, and have their careers in exquisitely (utthànasampadà).
-The second is to protect his income earned in a foot of the Chief Justice, with the sweat of brow (àrakka-sampadà); mean protect your property from theft, etc. (All this idea should be considered in the context of the time).
-The third is having to deal with you good (kalyànamitta), there are intellectuals, virtue, and intelligence, who would help her take the legitimacy, shunned the ties.
-Wednesday was to some extent consumer, depending on income, don't spend too much too little, don't mean there should bo bo hoarding assets, but also should not squander-in other words to live within the limits of the means I have (samajì vikatà).
Then the Buddha taught four virtue helps a secular people be happy hereafter:
1. (saddhà): to believe in the ethical values, spiritual beliefs, and spirituality.
2. (sìla): Yes * provided * remove kill, theft, deviant sex, lies and alcohol. 3. the contender (càga): to practice compassion, alms, do not cling, clutching his fortune. 4. Wisdom (panna): to expand the intelligence leading to the suffering, the Nirvana [11].
Occasionally Buddha also goes into the details of how to spend the money and the consumer, such as when He said young Sigàla that he should use the 1/4 interest in the daily mix, 1/2 the return to investing in the business and to own 1/4 rooms when endangered.
One day the Buddha to Anathapindika (Anàthapindika), a merchant, one of the disciples in their pure form of himself, created for Him the monastery of Goannas (Jetavana) name in Dormitories (Sàvatthi), that a renunciation of Japanese life, there are four things happy:
1. enjoy the guarantee of economic or property, full term by the legitimate media (owner of peanut, atthisukkha).
2. consumer's properties widely for yourself, for your family, your friends, and in the work of German (using life, ananasukkha).
3. no debt (loads left, anana-sukkha).
4. living a clean life, not breaking the evil thoughts, words or acts (innocence lost, anmajjasukkha).
Here we must note that of the four factors that bring happiness, three belonged to the economy, and the last remaining Buddha reminds the merchant knows that the economic well-being and the material is "not worth one-tenth of the six" of the happy soul arising from a life of honest mistakes and not [13].
Through the examples mentioned above, we can see that the Buddha see the comfort of Economics is essential to human happiness, but he does not recognize the progress is true if it is only the physical plain, there is a moral and spiritual foundation. While encouraging material progress, Buddhism has always emphasized the development of ethics and spirituality to create a peaceful social peace.
The Buddha also have the teachings of such transparency of politics, war, peace. You know, the idea is not to reiterate, as the Buddhist master initiator of violence, peace as his message for all the world, and does not endorse any of the violence or killing lives. According to Buddhist nothing called "righteous war", which is just a wording mistake is cast out and circulated to justify hatred, cruelty, violence and killing. Who defines what is or not Chief Justice Chief Justice leg legs? The winner, who is stronger, "Chief", and the defeat is low, "Chief Justice". Our war is always righteous, while war of the English always "misdeed". Buddhism does not accept his stance.
The Buddha not only taught non-violence and peace, which He also stems go to the battlefield to intervene and stop the war, as in the case of those lines Like ca (Sàkyas) and the Loi (Koliyas), about to fight for the disputed issues of water the river Rohini. And the words of Mr once stop King A strong world (Ajàtasattu) from the United States the Baht attack (Vajjis).
At the time of the Buddha, as well as today, the rulers of the country unfairly. The people oppressed, exploitative, beatings, imprisonment, exaction, and suffer the punishment barbaric. The Buddha was so touched before the inhuman. My coming into Office that his childhood Dhammapadatthakathà Dhammapada Buddha's attention to the issue of a good ruler. We should consider the opinion of Him in the context of social, political and economic conditions of the time. He proved that a whole country can become depraved, corruption and misery if the head of the rule-that is, the officials and administrative personnel-both corruption and injustice. Wanted for a country to be happy, should have a fair rule. A fair rule can be made? The Buddha made clear in his sermon on "the 10 duties of the King" (The United Kingdom, France, Dasaràjadhamma) as in Jàtaka (the forerunner) [14].
Of course the noun "King" (Ràja), the old days must be replaced by the word "Government". "Ten King's quest" can apply to all of the people in Government today, as head of State, Ministers, political leaders, administrative staff and the judiciary etc.
-First mission in "10 duties of the King" is the extensive, alms, charity (dàna). The ruler should be a desire and cling to the property, the proceeds of which are for alms were no warm.
-Second, a good ethics (an-sìla). The King must never murder, deception and exploitation of other guys, ties, saying his mistakes,. That is, at least he is under 5 world of Buddhists in the country.
-Third, to sacrifice all for the happiness of the inhabitants (the discharge variable, pariccàga), he is willing to give up all his personal comfort, old name fame and even his life for the benefit of the people.
-Fourth, users (ajjava). He must depart the fear and bias when the duty, to be honest in intention, and not mass deception.
-Thursday, ascetic (tapa). He lived a simple life, not far from the United States. He got to know tame myself.
-Friday, (maddava). He must have an amiable temperament.
-Saturday, no hatred, evil (invisible-akkodha). He did not have anyone.
-Eighth, ahimsa (avihimsà) neither the means not to harm anyone, but also that he must try to make peace by avoiding and preventing war, or all things involved in the riot and murder.
-Ninth ring, humiliation (khanti). He must be able to endure the hard, hard gauge and the insults without losing composure.
-Tenth, not the opposition, not to block (avirodha), meaning he cannot go against the will of the whole people, not to stop any measures taken to the profit for the whole population. In other words he must govern with the will of the people of [15].
If a country is ruled by a person of the virtues, then of course the country has to be very happy. But it is not a utopian thing, because in the past there have been Kings like A exercise (Asoka) of India has set the United Kingdom based on the ideals it.
Today's world is living in fear, suspicion and tension. Science has produced the destructive capacity is gas. Create the new tools of death, the great powers threatening, challenge each other, boast no disgrace that you can cause much damage to world in mourning over the other powers.
They've gone too far on the road to crazy so that today they just step one step, the result will not be anything besides the mutual annihilation and destruction of mankind as a whole.
Because of panic before a situation in which they were created, people like to find a way out, a solution somehow. But there is no solution other than Buddha solutions proposed-his message of nonviolence and peace, of love and compassion, mercy and sympathy, of truth and wisdom, about respect for all life, about the end to remove selfishness, hatred and violence.
The Buddha said: "hatred is never suppressed hatred, only new love is hatred. This is a truth ever. "[16]
"People should get compassion WINS surf hatred, goodness to the wicked, love for the heart selfish, and retrieved the treacherous return to time."[17]
People can't be happy happily as a longing desire to conquer and vanquish. Buddha said: "The victory feed the hatred, the defeat down in misery. Who would refuse the words all mixed, will be happy happily. "[18]
The only victory for bringing peace is the happy winner of self consciousness. "One may conquer millions in battle, but only the person himself conquered himself was the most glorious victory."[19]
You will that all of that is very beautiful, very high value for you, but not practical. Then there are the practices when enemies hate each other? When to kill each other? When live forever in fear and doubt as the animals in the forest? This practicality and comfort more than reasonable? Evil ever be subduing by evil? Hatred can never be extinguished by hatred? But there have been cases, at least the individual cases in which hatred is DAB subdued by love and goodness, evil is conquered by sympathy. You will be told this could be true, could be done in the case of individuals, but it was never implemented in the national and international communication. Men were hypnosis, psychology shady lace confused and deceived by the words used in political propaganda as "national", "international", "fatherland". What is a country if not a vast mass of individuals? A country or nation not to act, the new personal action. What individuals think and do is exactly what countries think and do. Something can apply to individuals can also apply to the countries, the country. If an individual, hatred can extinguish the hatred, then on the international and national sure this can also be done. Even in the case of an individual response to personal hatred by love, people also need to have a courage, a transcendental incessantly, a limitless confidence for the power the soul. There are also affordable to more attempts than that in the case of international communication? If when that "make no sense" did you mean "not easy," is you're right. It's definitely not easy. However we need to try. You will then attempt the somewhat risky. But it is certainly not the more adventurous to try a war of atoms.
What a comforting for us today to think that at least in history also had a prominent rulers, had the courage, faith and knowledge to apply this Buddha's teachings on nonviolence, peace and love in the rule a vast Empire on both internal and Foreign Affairs – it was A education United Kingdom, the Buddhists of Indian origin (Genesis III before Christ), "beloved sons of the gods" as he has been dubbed.
Initially he imitated his father (Bindusàra) and grandfather (Chandragupta) wanted to complete the conquest of the peninsula; He captured the Prince of Kalinga, annexed it to the Roman Empire. Thousands of people are killed, injured, beaten and taken prisoner during the battle. But later, when it became a Buddhist, he completely changed thanks to the Buddha's teachings In a proclamation he carved in stone (stone Head XII, is today often called) can be read today, comes to the conquest of Kalinga, Emperor of Saudi education has publicly expressed "repentance" and said he was "extremely painful to think about the massacre". He declared publicly that he will never withdraw the sword out to do a more subdued, but he "wanted all of them living in nonviolence, will work out the static security and peaceful." This, of course, his favorite of the gods (A sex, United Kingdom) is won by the Chief Justice of France (dhammavijaya). Not the self he rejects war, that he did his desire that "the US and I don't think about the other conquest again viewed as rewarding ... They let just thinking of a unique conquest is conquered by virtue. He gives benefits to both this life and the hereafter ".
Such is the unique example of human history on a winner even in glory of the authority, has the power to continue the conquests of land, but give up the war and violence that return with peace, nonviolence.
Ðấy is a lesson for today's world. The Emperor ruled a vast Empire, have publicly turned against the war, violence and embrace the message of nonviolence and peace. There is no historical evidence would say that there is a neighboring King would took advantage of the devotees of Asoka to attack him on the military, or a revolt within his empire was born. On the contrary that peace reigned all over the territory, and even those made outside the United Kingdom he also appears to have accepted the leadership from him.
Crazy when it comes to the maintenance of peace by making balanced powers or by the threats of nuclear weapons. The soldiers were only able to arise out of fear, rather than rise to peace. In fear cannot have lasting peace and real. From fear can only be born of hatred, evil, may be subject to constraints for some time but ready to flare up and become violent at any time. True peace can only reign in an atmosphere of compassion (Mettà, metta), friendly, no fear of doubt and danger.
Buddhism aims to create a society in that they give up the disputed the very disastrous, static security and peace reigns, the away victory and defeat, in that the oppression of innocent people must be strongly denounced, in that a win themselves more respected people who win millions in the military and economic war, there hatred was conquered by love and evil by sympathy, hate, envy us evil, hate and greed not tainted the human mind, there is a compassionate motivation for action, in that all, even the most tiny organisms, are to be treated with love Kingdom introspectionsafe life, harmony-filled world of matter-are facing the most noble purpose, the experimental ultimate truths, Nirvana.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/8/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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Monday, 5 August 2013
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