Tested 1

ORIGINAL Buddhism (530 BC _ 370 BC)

The divergence of Buddhist history, we learn from the Buddha appeared in the last century BC to the eleventh century AD, a total of approximately 1,500 years, divided into six stages: 1. Theravada Buddhism; 2.Phat sectarian school; 3. Early Mahayana Buddhism; 4. Theravada Buddhism 5. Mahayana Buddhism the period 6. Mahayana Buddhism gold.

Theravada Buddhism period, are only for the transmission of doctrine from the time the Buddha attained enlightenment and 3.4 generation lineage until after his death, the local time is not Buddhism differentiation, remain unified ideology. Chronology can be calculated as: Buddha's passing away in 486 BC, at the age of 80 years old, so he was born in the year 565 BC. His enlightenment was 30 years old when, in 530 BC. Divided into sects of Buddhism in the period of more than 100 years after the Buddha's. Therefore, we can go to the dating of the first period is the year 530 BC 370 BC __.

The main doctrine of the Theravada Buddhist period is BUSINESS and LAW. Business consists of two types, communication known as Northern Buddhism Nikaya Buddhism called South Nikàya transmission. A function, in addition to 4 sets: If a function, the function A, A Journal of the function, the function also increase Nhut A [Journal of Tibet]; Nikaya, in addition to the equivalent of 4 A function has resulted, there [State of]. Buddhist communication with the North and South is the equivalent 4 The School of Ministry, Central, Boost Circuit Ministry, and Review Department. Law, the basic content of the law is that, like the ad and then add annotations origination of each event, such laws are a total of 3 ministries. The business and law that is currently being circulated has been increased or reduced according to the opinion of every sect, which inevitable nuances of each of the sect, if we want to search for teaching original Buddha, need to conduct research and analysis in earnest. The western scholars have spent little time studying this issue, but they can not use the Chinese translation resources (North transmit Buddhist literature largely reserved for Han organ), the natural Heavy Pali, Pali scriptures even as the words of the Buddha said, this point inevitable prejudice. Germany, Austria Sign Security, the UK, benefit from incentives, legal 䠰 flavor of these two studies in the Pali scriptures: From the Business Law found that the difference of new and old, and then predict something called Buddha's teachings. This is an ancient method of research, this way 40 years ago, but is still affected. But the method of the Japanese study are: First, take the North South Economic Law of reference transfer compare, find out what's in that same communication between North and South, from the judgment that something new called Buddhist Originally, as the United giaTy political school has used this method. Later, Vu Thang Ba Tho? Outside the comparative method, and the method used, the specific conduct logical analysis of the structure and logic of the development of every generation of every possible theory, from that go to determine what is Theravada Buddhism and what are the ones appear later. Research methods of rate somewhat more convincing America, but also very difficult to restore Theravada Buddhism appearance. The reason is that Buddhist sect underwent split several times, therefore, the material has changed little phen, together influence, through simulation, the additional non-stop, that there are similarities, so what's similar, it is difficult to determine the original Buddhism. Currently, if you want to find out from the Theravada Buddhist Sutra in the existing law, is still problematic.

This chapter, the writer just take the Buddha-centered theories that circulate, thereby tracing the central issue of the problem, and more of the organization, for it is Theravada Buddhism, this method does not the same method of analysis just above the western scholars and Japan.

The era of Shakyamuni Buddha

Shakyamuni Buddha era is the sixth century to the fifth century BC. Then the Indian society under the regime of slavery, has formed National, urban, relatively well developed commercial sector. It is just slavery of A ᮠ The same Westerners points are not the same, A ᮠ The no-scale organizations slavery, slaves are not compromised won heavy as Western, so, in a ᮠ period slave level phenomenon arises violent protests like the West. Some people said that the slave class A ᮠ only form of slavery in the early stages, then stalled at this stage, no further development.

The development of society A ᮠ India is: From Northwest A ᮠ grow to East A ᮮ First is the upper Ganges basin, border river A ᮠ level and color point na is the regional plains, where it formed the called [Chinese] A ᮠ level of water. By the sixth century BC development in the lower river Ganges, ie central A ᮬ here established many countries, taking urban-centered, some people call it the 16 countries (the Canon Pali, Increase Nhut ministries of 1st and 4, similar Chinese translation, the function A, vol 55, "Maintenance of international" to the canonical Jain has 16 national records.). By the time of Shakyamuni Buddha, of the 16 countries, there are significant changes, including the country's mighty Magadha country in southern bank of the Ganges River, Northwest Kosala, and any ("Economic Vimalakirti" take this country to the context) Northeast A ᮮ political situation of each country are not the same, there are water under the monarchy, with the water in the republic. The national republican regime leaders also, nothing is conference mode, great things through the majority of the conference decision, here are the remnants of the original conference mode is saved again. Mode Her ہ harmony exists only in the Northeast ANGA, any Mallas and water Kapilavastu's family tree Shakyamuni? Now the water is completely destroyed (In "Bon birth Sutra" and the follows the story of the Buddha, are reflected contemporary social situation). In the water, strain normal mode nature (ie nature Catalog "Crouching eh loaded", meaning that beauty. Ariyan fair-skinned people, occupied territory domination, indigenous people have dark skin, is those who were treated, this is the division of social class A ᮠ). A first ᮍ The only two races, the Ariyan later resumed classified into 4 classes: 1. Brahmins, 2. Close to the core, 3. Amnesty factions, Thu 4 mandala. Brahmin caste which is dedicated to helping the ruling class is beneficial iron, holding the area of ​​culture, religion. By the time of Shakyamuni, caste iron beneficial for Brahmin caste resentment expressed in terms of power, advocates non-Brahmin ideology, formed the front line against the Brahmin caste . Class discarded relics including those of agriculture, industry and commerce, subject to the oppression of class 2 on very serious. Contemporary society A ᮠ The cottage industry thriving business prosperous success (along with Burma, Persian, Arabic are reciprocal trade), the merchants became wealthy, therefore, for the Political born urgent requirement. The formation of this social force, has weakened the political side, the thought of Brahmin caste, which has resulted in contemporary society appeared six philosophical, ideological representatives are for the class is not the same position in society ("Kinh Duy Ma. Disciple Products", "School A levels. Trading Sa gift." Application of the material duties are related to the ideas of this sect 6. The Business School of South TV also notes, not through the records of the North and South television heterogeneous).

In June of philosophy, Mission First, there is the ideological materialism sect, who represents this school is A Soap Multi - Ajita Kesa Kambala, later called The Pros opposite sex. Delegation to the four elements: earth, water, wind and fire are the elements exist independent schools, people and the world is made up by 4; does not recognize a soul, the man returned from the dead . The purpose of human life is the pursuit of pleasure and satisfaction. This doctrine, as the resistance of economic self-Brahmin teacher, who represents the slave class. Phai Di second home - Sanjaya Velatthiputta, extolling the schools of visualization, for every problem there is no confirmation, as the problem is not life or later, with or without retribution? The Delegation said that said that there are, say no immediately. Therefore, it is thought this sect, the sect is bent like a salary, it's hard to grasp. This school is advocated meditation, to seek wisdom right feet. In the Buddha's disciple, he Moggallana, Sariputta are learning in this school. The doctrine of this sect also oppose the policy implies that the world falls due on the metabolism of the Brahmin religion. By the time the "Upanishads" theory still admits karma, reincarnation, MT expression Di attitude credibility by not confirm nor negative. Delegation of the third, the old Le Mat - Makkhali - Gosala, who has advocated determinism argument, which does not acknowledge karma, no parents, practice is meaningless, not anything useful. Just spent 840 thousand eons of time, the time it does not matter what position the fool who will be freed. The Delegation said that man is by the type of elements form, bringing secularism. Followers of this sect for his doctrine of right, in addition to all the "Ta pagan network" even Buddhism. Mission Wednesday, as Real Lan ca Lettuce - Purana - Kassapa. This theory together with the old doctrine Le Mat same, denying evil karma theory and the theory of Brahmanism, advocates bohemian pleasures, brings skepticism. Those who follow this doctrine were from slave class. Mission Thursday, the government has three - Pakudha - Kaccayana, denying human behavior does not affect anything in the future life, so that the human body is made up of 7 elements, one element away from 7 , died on humans, these elements exist permanently, bringing materialist thinking. 3 aforementioned theories, doctrines akin identical, so often misidentify other sects and denominations, sects are claiming 3 "Right Livelihood sect", by contrast, Buddhism calls them "Ta pagan network ". Followers of this sect, class came from slaves, has led the theory represents the interests of the fourth class class slaves. Delegation of Friday's event from Ni - Nigantha Nata-putta, later sent Jainism developed, highly specific guidelines means: First, to bring the world into two categories, with their lives and do not have life , There is no life force that liberated because now tied or forced, so need to stop except to destroy them to gain liberation. The Delegation said that human karma too heavy to finish karma quickly, need to go through ascetic practices, so austerity policies. This idea, in fact maintain the karma theory of Brahman. Ni Tu Kien came from surveys to class interests, the mother was the daughter of the king, the royal sister off, so it can be said of the doctrine of this sect also represent the interests of the ruling class. This sect opposed to the doctrine of the Buddha Shakyamuni, had a conflict occurs between the two sides. This school but maintain Brahmin teacher, but in terms of liberation, the Brahmin teacher does the same policies.

Race of Sakyamuni which is not clear, there is a race for Ariyan, ie Mongolian race, located south Nipal, adjacent to the river Rapti A ᮠ northeastern India. Legend has it that, at the foot of the Himalayas, with a land area about 20 kilometers wide, 16 kilometers horizontally, the total area of ​​about 320 square kilometers, it has 10 small cities, including the largest Kapilavastu, which took into this goodness as the country's name. According to that legend, A ᮠ contemporary India has 16 major countries, but which has no name Kapilavastu, then it can not be independent, there are still colonial Kosala country. Xuanzang had been to this place, based on the "Western Lands" recording that the ruins of this city still exist? The country has 80 thousand households, a total of 500 thousand people, according to the republic. Contemporary socio-political terms ᮠ A strong state is in the main assault, Kapilavastu Kosala country is being threatened as a specific example. Faced with such a situation, Shakyamuni course for the country should be responsible, how to get rid of the menace of Kosala? The King was naturally desired his son's succession Shakyamuni continued to maintain territory is inevitable.

But, Shakyamuni himself not to succession national leaders, by contrast, left his palace in academic thinkers, Shakyamuni eventually founding his own doctrine, propagated, developed into religion. Since then, the myth of his increasingly wild deification. For this myth, many scholars and researchers have now also many further studies, so far, the history of his life is relatively clear.

The legend of the Buddha, a preserved part of the Canon, largely preserved in the Vinaya. Law, a Law Ministry has dispatched its own, so the Buddha is not the same story. Mass retrieve the Buddhist story called [University of}, the French organ called [Bon menstruation] (Law of the sect called "Four the law"). In Seoul holy service, with a relatively complete story Buddha is "the collective responsibility of the Buddha" includes 16 books, translated into the Sui, the Buddha gathered from 5 different series Ministry. The Buddha in the law books of the sect only in the records, event ordained by the Buddha attained enlightenment, and enlightenment even after 6 years, he returned to the palace, but from then on His actions do not show notes, the "Buddha of economic responsibility" also recorded it. Ma Ming wrote his book "Buddha basis of approval" is based on the source of the material, then write until the Buddha's (he also wrote the legal code Quy Minh City Glass in "The grave economic argument" , the glass is not just a Ministry, which includes reading from the Ministry?). Sakyamuni after enlightenment, ordained his followers into mass organizations, especially the multiplayer modes, including residential security mode. Based on the existing literature, after the Buddha attained enlightenment, in 45 years, a retreat locations are recorded, whereas very reasonable, first, Buddha residing in Rajgir, the capital of Magadha, Monday, more than 20 years at Sravasti, the capital of Kosala. Then, based on the material, can account Buddha taught 45 years. This, the legend of the Buddha Shakyamuni is true.

These jobs are the focus of the Buddha, through his "A phase diagram 䴠 school ᮠ brief history", through which we can see part of his life. Something like this: His childhood education seriously, as an adult married children, 29 year old ordained to the Magadha country seek the master, but not satisfied, go through 6 years of austerity still not satisfied, he finally self-thinking founder of the new doctrine in 35 years. Since then, the Buddha began teaching honor, spent 45 years round. He used to say that where water is legal Magadha, Kosala and Bat Sa, Ba Chiem east to (?) West to gather Ma La, the range is quite wide.

Why Shakyamuni wish to retire? Through the reflection of his theory, social expression content like? A ᮠ of contemporary society is freedom of thought developed, the ideas came from surveys to income class is not less. In fact, there are many issues that caste Brahmins do not understand learning in class to Supervisors to the core (Under "Aghia message" mentions this issue). As issues related to the intersection Spirit, which is the concept of Brahman reasoning, but later they themselves are not clearly explained, must learn to capitalize on Sat. Come as reincarnation theory, blessed by the King Bat ha na profit caste iron founders, then the Brahmins hold the private sector,  # 273; membranes with the theory of karma theory developed , and is considered the secret to worship. Facing this, Shakyamuni to be, if not enhance the country's political status Kapilavastu, the best individuals to enlist people in the field of academic thought. According to legend, after he was born, associate minister predicted, if he does not do it as Dharmaraja thinkers, this prediction, reflecting the outcome of his contemporaries which have to deal, only two line is chosen academic or political. That is the cause of Shakyamuni ordained, in addition to many different theories. As for that, he saw the suffering of the elderly, the sick and the dead, and find freedom in life of monk, leading to his renunciation, in addition to the theory that, when He saw a farmer plowing the field, the birds of the same species to eat, but the farmer still calmly, not showing the tragic death of a previous life. This scene, making him compassion before the death of others, and understand the meaning of impermanence? Is it a part of his show is due to the hardships of the farmer and the suffering of the impermanence of life? China, with a record number of materials that Shakyamuni royal street life can not feel pain, right out of the palace, exposed the phenomenon of social life, he was born the idea that the world is suffering. This material, although no clear and authentic, but that the farmer is suffering, the same concept of his theory of synergy. For the maintenance and response doctrine of Shakyamuni, some recorded material, the king Bimbisara of Magadha was very impressed, and Truc Lam Vihara bring offerings to Bhagavan to celebrate right place France. Later, he also responded to his race, and finally water Pasedena King Kosala trust. In addition, there is revered as the traders from reaching majority, Level Doc.vv She is the patron of contemporary celebrity supporters. There's also the theory that, East Park amphitheater dialysis due to a rich bride to bring jewelry to sell his precious, money is necessary Lecture this. Afterwards, go to the scrap Exalted Xa Ly, here's capital region of Jainism, very hard work, but He is also the author Aa La Defense Minister offered an amnesty Love (In the "Vimalakirti" no mention of this Vihara. Having said that theory, Aa La Defense is a head fake, there is a theory that women age, no matter how, the support of the physical capital from the aristocracy. During the Buddha's disciples, beginning with 5 monks, first as traders to Yasa, he and his 60 disciples of Buddha and refuge. Thereby, we see, the Buddha advocates who favor the iron descent, wealthy?, so his theory is to represent the public, and there are not enough words to cited examples specific.

DETAIL 2:

THE STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF ORIGINAL Buddhism.

The original Buddhist structures, including two aspects form and content. Then His disciples believed Buddha and maintain two Tripitaka and the Law. Then, the method of how to maintain? Over 45 years, said Bhagavan Dharma, where he preached relatively wide, not only that, he also allows the students to use the local language spread, while certainly an honor the fixed formula. Based on current practices, methods maintain the Business Law is [oral], rely on communication exchanged memories, memories are best adapted to the form [who had], because the number of the form both short, both the phonological, convenient to recite and memorize. In the Vinaya of the sect, while preserving some of the materials Buddhists chanting (See Lai Duy "of primitive Buddhism along legal proceedings", referring to the economic problems as "sufficient economic means" (Chinese translation of the application, Pali text, files copied in Beijing), "Three dollars Athletics" (Chinese translation of "The position of argument" "Yoga Bhumisastra" are staged, Pali Text copy biblical episode), "Economic Dhammapada" (Han, Pali has a single issue). etc. prayers are mentioned throughout the legal form shelves. those who had it, there is some kind of no question the answer yourself (very self-presentation issues), there are a number of types of problems answered. Additionally, there are a number of issues such as Buddha said when, where and object is ai.vv, are well documented , called it [dependent origination].

Thereby, it can be said that the form of conservation laws for [who had] centered sense of it, certainly not through interpretation, ie the development continues. This explanation is called Abhidharma (Abhidhrma), meaning that [the law]; Economics is the scope of the [law], what explains the [legal] called [the law]. The form of these types of measures are as follows: 1. Three priority health problem (discourse), merely the word of Buddha explains, is simple yet clear, easy to understand meaning. This method, Buddha himself was also used, as economic "means the conditions" in a school function, the Buddha's explanation for the origination methods. 2. Matrka (four samples), this method is explained primarily by the full-text, calling it [four acres], which means that from this simple key, the doctrines that arise, such as the birth mother. This method, with some by the Buddha said, there are some noi.3 by disciples. Decision scouts, the kind of talk that is not the same method to select the kind proposed here is mainly famous general method selection. Since there are so many famous generals same meaning, for determining its meaning, so divide different categories. This method is largely based on the number of words that categorize much less, ie from the first approach to legal tenth, so called legal [Upper Cross] and legal [most up]. French tenth or more also as [Twelve karmic]. Etc. but very little. As such, this classification method, both for the convenience of spreading the Dharma, just easy to remember.

Because of such situation, we can say the storage method is to use Buddhist teachings form [who had], followed by [origination], which evolved into [Abhidharma]. After the Buddha's passing, the form becomes fixed. According to legend, said that after the Buddha's passing shortly, in the Interior of the United chlorophyll residence, had an aggregate of 500 holy monks. The time this magazine, written in the law of the sex organs, the same basic content, but there are some small parts are not the same, because each ministry to be added or reduced. This aggregation time, the participants were disciples of the Buddha, because he chaired the meeting Kassapa, the conference method [reciting], or in a conference nomination read Buddhist teachings for all hearing conference, then by the members of the evaluation meeting. What gets through Congress, it is considered the Buddha said. Aggregation method is also classic form of the wave after aggregation. The contents of this practice, according to legend, including business and law, there is even discussion (Abhidharma). First time aggregation is the aggregation of information and law is there, but the argument is not set to happen. Even after the Buddha's associated with this aggregation problem is also difficult to define, let alone the aggregation argument organs, but it can happen, especially discipline problems, because of the need to define things. Pursuant to the law that the Ministry sent lineage, we can find the so-called [the original], or is the tone produced from the first episode. Classics that was the first episode in this affordable is a function? It does not seem right. Because of a function refers to the form of [Nine of education] (1. Economics; 2. Application Procedure 3. Signing Special 4. Shelf proceedings; 5. Self theory; 6. As market terms; 7. Bon birth , 8. than increasing property; 9. Methods commercials), A Sense ⭠ As he explained, is also hosting a teaching department in the Business section 9 (Pali classified State Department documents, translated Chinese Journal organ). Therefore, we can speculate, is likely to be the classic that first set in a permanent form of education, later edited into a new function.

A standard editing functions. The first is based on the short-term trading that classify: As the length of the content to be placed in a school function; short content classified Review A function (respectively), average loading content into China A function, in addition, there is a kind of medicine on the large and small items that delimitation, this type is classified as the most up A levels. The second is based on the economic content of the classified: As a function of school, most of the contents of this is to mention the issue of the heathen, as of "Sa gift" is all business with the 6 articles link text heretics; specialist explained that the problem of learning, edited on China A function, that presents ethical business practice meditation, A Journal editorial on function; These activities, bringing content tend to propagate widely, edit Nhut A function to increase. The editor and the formation of a function about 100 years after the Buddha's passing away. Since then there are many different views of the editorial content and a set of rules, we can say that the reason there is disagreement, as related to the lineage. According to that legend, because Ananda Sutra proceedings, law is read by Pali advantage, of course, each party has its own system, and according to legend also mentions that his long-Na Phu for aggregation disagreement arises, that being said, he also has its own system. The 2nd recital, Mr. A Norwegian law itself has its own systems. The difference is, certainly affect the schism in Buddhism.

Concerning the content of the original problem teachings of the Buddha, the legend of Shakyamuni mentioned some problems as follows: since Shakyamuni ordained into the propagation direction for teaching, are without leaving the context of surveys to class interests. He wants to replace the beneficial class iron resolve the problem of the ideological chaos of contemporary society, his philosophy is very practical philosophy (philosophy of being) to reflect philosophical She bowl is the subject, this is the replacement of his country's Kapilavastu position to contend, so that the title Sakyamuni (Tier Shakyamuni nature of the family tree). This point, for the prospect of his country with great advantage. For example, in the age of vulnerable elderly teachings expounded in the Kosala country, which has led to the peaceful water Kosala between Kapilavastu and instead threatened.

Under the regime of social class, carry doctrines of Shakyamuni trend against the materialism is natural. 6 He strongly opposed contemporary philosophy, his ideas do not go to the extreme path, whereas mild nuances. That has led him to success, as is the social class of supporters, even some thinkers of Brahmins followed him. On one hand, he did not endorse regime nature of Brahman race, but on the other hand, he almost agreed to race mode nature. We can take the "Five Precepts" is the basis of social ethics to contemporary examples. 5 is the capital of Brahmin and Jain, Shakyamuni also get 5 this world to moral standards, but not completely agree, he took the "glass of education" is one of the Brahmins 5 Change the World "do not drink". Again, as he made the policy, that all things in the world which does not really have - no, honored nirvana, but in other respects, Shakyamuni for people to promote generosity and morality , said that the preference is to help others happiness. It can be said of the practice of Shakyamuni from the harsh ascetic practices, hassle free world of Brahmanism is the much simpler, so is everyone welcome reception, especially during level traders.

Shakyamuni had consultation and study by the renowned contemporary scholar, so his theory is somewhat complete, and because He knows selectively inherit the good of the other theories. Thus, his theory is closely related to other theories of contemporary society ᮮ A Contemporary Theories two trends: 1. Brahmin ideology, that the universe was formed from a fundamental transformation of forming others, this idea is called the theory is the result. Use it to direct truth practices, those who follow this ideology took meditation centered through meditation to realize the so-called "fundamental cause", which can reach the realm of liberation . 2. Thought non-Brahmins, for the things that so many people into the meeting, seconded called theory "in the past does not" OC this theory to life direction, then dispatched, assigns different sexes, a sect promoting ascetic practices, and other denominations uphold sexual gratification. For these theories are not accepted Shakyamuni, the theory should give themselves "dependent origination", he said, the refuge measures together, and as a condition of being out for each other, not by a human born much fruit, nor a result that many people living together who are doing work. The purpose of this theory for multi-phase theory "Circuit's conclusion" of a Brahmin, atheists tend to comment, but his theory is not fully breaking the entire Brahmin doctrine but to trust Him use doctrine "karma", said that now is the effect of importance in life.

Two systems theory has reported on ontology are taken as the basis, but the theory on the basis of Shakyamuni did not mention discuss issues related ontologies, such as "14 Problems neutral" (Name is distinguished, ie 14 unexplained problems) which he refers: The universe is permanent or impermanent? universe is finite or infinite? also the life after death or loss? The life and body as one or the other? . Etc. (first 3 types, each divided into 4 types of problems, often, very often, people would very often, usually non-organic non countless merchants, the latter again divided into two problems, a total of 14 issues ), these issues, for the contemporary academic world, the subject is given together to discuss, but the opposite Shakyamuni own, refused to discuss the reason for this problem is the same with life Human life is not a fact anything related, as if the author brings us discuss, and resolve not help matters to people. Hence, the causality, he does not recognize the so-called "people first".

Shakyamuni's doctrine has its own characteristics, such as we find the doctrine of Shakyamuni from beginning to end attitude always use analysis, comparison of each issue. As from the start between the age trends and desires of ascetic austerity, he should choose paths in the two extremes that, in the end he chose the "middle way". His middle path is the focus of international action was, as he said that the views of contemporary materialism, sensualism policy is the purpose of human life is not fair, even Ni events from the repressive policies of the ascetic is not true, instead He said that the only way "Middle Way", is not the way happy new format is not the true path. Later, Shakyamuni develop ideas into theoretical system, not attached on one side. He himself said that it is "the analysis, to distinguish" the discussion is not in favor of one party. Documentation refers to this perspective, an early stage is "Dhammapada. Finished product Nevis", says that "the French regulations discrimination, rules kill the truth". This is proof that the contents of the original Buddha said that "distinguish fake argument".

The doctrine of Shakyamuni with or without an heir? have argued that, before Shakyamuni Buddha still, as Kassapa Buddha, "Dhammapada" is due Kassapa Buddha lineage. Also argue that, not only the Buddha that Buddha is all 4. 4 Asoka took this Buddha as an object of worship.

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Tested 3:

KEY POINTS OF THE ORIGINAL Buddhism

The Buddhists believe that Gautama attained enlightenment after first expounded the teachings in Sarnath, which is called Zhuan Falun profile. Falun Gong is billions example, A ᮠ the legend that anyone capable of dominating the whole of A ᮠ, natural [moral security] appears. London said this is unshakable, no nothing champions. If anyone was told this rotation, the greatest king proclaimed. When Shakyamuni not ordained, he himself must choose one of two paths, one is king cakkavatti (national leaders), as do two Falun King (thinker). The teachings of the Buddha called Zhuan Falun, and high expression of absolute Truth of Buddha became enlightened.

According to legend, the first Exalted Zhuan Falun, the 5 brothers Kondanna at Sarnath, in Benares. Research from the law in the show, the first French Shakyamuni said, is not the word to law, which is the Middle Way, which is consistent with the truth, because the 5 people who were with him to practice ascetic previously, then abandon Shakyamuni ascetic life, leaving in their hearts, or do not think about him. Of course, the teaching that the Blessed One said to them first to criticize ascetic life, theories and their advocates, and they then introduced the doctrine of the middle way, the path is not suffering no communication, the the proof is not inherently ascetic practice of right feet, the new direction is only logical. Then tell teachings [Eightfold Path] (Right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration), finished last after convincing words to the doctrine expounded .

The focus is teaching words to present the truth about the phenomenon of human life. The whole of human life is not out two aspects, one is infected (size, file), two are pure (anti-religion). Methods legal organizations from easy, hard to get basic [training] is the accumulation of suffering, [killing] is to eliminate suffering, [director] is a method to eliminate suffering. Exalted legal words to say, to repeat this method for up to 3 times, 3 times called [Tam, Zhuan Falun]. Go four times Daula sole legal claim (the birth is suffering, aging is death kho.vv); Move second quarter indicate that sole true meaning of human life (hard to know, set up stages, destroy to witnesses, should direct the practitioner); moved a third time, as demonstrated Shakyamuni gained enlightenment into what base four requirements (size was specified, the file was, witnessed killing, directed amended.). In Zhuan Falun 3 times, each time for a 4 soles are not the same kind of awareness, call it [the four generals] __ Tolerance, mind, intelligence, sense, so there are 12 words to the Minister, called [word to the Minister 12]. This view is confirmed the basics of primitive Buddhism. The materials in the law have been recorded as present, about 200 years after the passing Exalted, the edicts of Ashoka that is left, referring to this as the (In [legal Command] asks Buddhists often thought of as one of seven "dark skin complaints charms of Pi", based on the archaeological material proof, ie trinity refers to the rotation.); later , the development of Buddhist Mahayana period, it can be said as early as "economic Vimalakirti", "Lotus Sutra". etc. beginning of this experience, both legal words to mention, the classic Late in the Mahayana period as "dark secret Business Awards," said the Buddha divided into 3 times, first time for that, saying words to the Buddha. Since it can be said, words to the center of Buddhist ideas primitive, people are also being recognized.

Noble in the quarterfinals imperial doctrine, later developed into 8 sufferings: birth, aging, sickness, death, resentment chapter, who knows glass, the sudden, the five aggregates. Four of the suffering is the suffering of the wild type, none escape, the expectation of the people, often counter to this rule, as the elderly are not expecting, so that was the birth sanh.vv suffering. Spend the next 3, is suffering due to the inappropriate relationship between people and the society formed, as distinguished class mode of contemporary society. The logical conclusion that people do not always have to live with each other, loved ones that have separated dispersed, the material requirements are not usually like that? of this type are referred to as suffering (From this perspective, we can see, Shakyamuni reflect contemporary social phenomena). But try to ask the source of human suffering is what? Shakyamuni sudden demand for the {]. Why would that not be the cause of suffering? Shakyamuni argue that, because the aggregates {5], which is his analysis of the human component by 5 Category: Physical Form ___, ___ Life sympathetic feeling (called love), the activity ___ idea the concept of nature (called location), ___ is the operation of the will (called attention), some kind of unified front ___. Contents of this type is very complex, the accumulation of these things called [aggregates], aggregates with 5 [prime] (only lust and attachment type) associated with each other, which generates a kind of desire, so called because it [the five aggregates]. Based on the views of Shakyamuni, people born immediately have 5 aggregates, ie aggregates with a size 5, so the so called 5 aggregates is suffering. The origin of suffering is caused by craving (training base) is born, the less desire, except that the suffering (Noble), and he was freed.

In the four imperial doctrine of Shakyamuni, the origination characteristics through the expression of dissent to the philosophical system of the universe. When Sakyamuni was alive, in a society ᮠ had two guiding ideology born loving life: la 1.BA subjects, they said that human birth by Brahma, the god of self transformation called it theory [metabolism]. 2. Six of philosophy, they say, people are so many factors that combine to (Thuan policy of the sect), call it theory [accumulation]. 2 Shakyamuni objections to this theory, the same [origination]. He said that all the phenomenal world is the intimate relationship of cause and effect, the same as for other conditions in existence. In Buddhist architecture is often taken as an example to bundle presents the relations of things. If taking this view, explaining cosmic phenomena, explaining the laws of the universe exists interdependent, so very specific and dialectic. But this interdependence theory, not derived from the observed universe, which was discovered through human life, and also took it for support to resolve the fundamental problems of human life. Shakyamuni bring people divided into many more parts. According to the notes included in the section 5, section 9, section 10, 12 phan.vv special division of the Northern most part of 12, 12, calling it causal, later Mahayana Buddhism fixed in 12 causal, ie ignorance, consciousness, mentality, green, contact, feeling, craving, clinging, property, birth, aging and death. This structure is the result of ignorance posturing departure. Hence the formula: Try Organic organic, try birth she was born. Based on this order, constitute causal relationship. He then took 12 of conditions and the third cycle of the dual agendas coincide Theravada causality: Past the [human] --- now that [result, the] --- The future generation [results]. Notes [depth that coincides most] of the Mahayana: Past the [human] --- now that [result], or is present in the [human] --- The future generation [results]. This theory, is somewhat reasonable, because of the phenomenon, which is the relation 2 life, on this principle, we can find a cause and effect relationship of it. For such, he is the result element, its fundamental cause is [born]. According to the notes of the classic, observe Shakyamuni's birth, starting from {aging, death], then bar 12 causal inference. Greed get in the closet of imperial-centered episode, 12 causal taken as the basis of craving, if want to be liberated before the sensual love. Shakyamuni arguably, is extremely craving, Bie never enough, on the contrary, human desire is extremely, this desire is the cause of the pain.

Shakyamuni to be, professional behavior and human resources are involved intimately. [Action] is willed actions of human purpose, its nature is now. [Business with 3 categories: Body, speech and mind, if we try to put the issue, what the decision now? The answer of course is due to [senseless ignorance]. What inanimate beings? Shakyamuni to be, which is impermanent human being, but being asked [usually], this is [senseless ignorance]. Human birth is the self, for he can not birth, so insubstantial, like a brick due from, last, trees, stones that match up, too, due to aggregates people into the meeting that , but the opposite being true ego attachment, here called [ignorance]. Beings because of this kind of ignorance that leads start action, the origin of suffering.

Shakyamuni argument, the birth is [very often] [self], which proposed three propositions: You act (only because legal ownership) of impermanence, the selfless way, all the suffering. 3 This clause called [triangle Minister], also known as the [Tam legal publications]. In addition to these three generals, adding a further cost is [Nirvana calm], known as [Justice press]. For that, the impermanence, suffering self included, so [suffering] away, Tam remain legal publications. [Tam legal publications] taken as a basis interdependent development. Origination includes two aspects [pros] and [against]. Agreement is only for the production of pain, adversity is the only direction to Nirvana. Shakyamuni said, nobody understands dependent origination, he understands [legal]. It can be said, is interdependent characteristic of Buddhism.

However, there are some problems Shakyamuni not clearly explained, As, Origination Theory of Shakyamuni purposes only explanation for the phenomena of human life, do not focus on goal other, but it can also explain other phenomena, nothing brings this popular cultural principles only, so surely would have modified its structure and ideal nirvana. For example, a Shakyamuni deny the existence of self, and to acknowledge the effects of karma. Theory of karma is Brahmin combination reincarnation, but denied Shakyamuni subject of reincarnation, then grab something to reincarnation? This is a problem inherent conflict of Shakyamuni doctrine. For that reason, later, the heir of his ideas have generated heterogeneous development of ideas. Shakyamuni is the urge behind, his theory of karma is also very specific expression. His life is a long time in the Kosala country, has 2 times prevent attacks King Ty Save divorce Shakya family tree, eventually inevitable Shakya clan perished. In addition, he has for Brahmin religion, race mode, not the consensus expressed in peaceful manner, that expression from his complacency. The reason is, Shakyamuni is a great religion, not a social reformer.END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT=WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN =GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.17/9/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).