Chapter III

528-508 BC,
the first twenty years

-OOo-

THE EDUCATION OF GOODS Bimbisara

Buddha is well aware that the prince's attitude towards him will play a decisive role in spreading his religion. So they chose to Rajagaha (Rajgir), the capital of both the palace of the king of Magadha Bimbisara country, where he has to make the next goal of the journey.

There are a number of important issues in exposure. He is not only rethinking the first meeting not warm to him, even those who had just started discovering the truth of the (in 536 BC), he lost interest Bimbisara event will see leaders a cult as a founder of a number of points and so there is a potential to influence the state of which the king is said to have many benefits later.

Rajagaha from Patna 70km southwest near a small town now in Rajgir, the ancient capital of the most powerful in north India after Savatthi, the capital of Kosala. The importance of it only emerged at that time was extended by King Bimbisara Citadel Giribbaja (painted) and lift it up the capital position Rajagaha (Rajgir).

Two things were the deciding factor in choosing this place as the capital of Magadha though that position is not favorable in terms of traffic. In the south Rajagaha with a iron ore is mined in the form of iron oxide by digging close to the ground, most of which are made into weapons and tools in the capital. As for the south east has a copper mine. All the Magadha country's prosperity depends on the mineral resources along the primary industries related to manufacturing them.

The second element of the strategy is. The capital is located between two mountain ranges forming a Z-shaped valley with strong protection. Defensive value of this field is reinforced by a huge walls running along the ridges, is being built at that time and when finished, the 40km long walls. Center capital is the ancient city of Rajagaha Giribbaja was a neck wrap accumulation. The surrounding mountains from all sides into the wind, so the air inside the summer is extremely hot valley. There are four roads leading to the suburbs, every road is beginning a guard gate, the gate closed at night.

The center of the capital Rajagaha not occupy the entire valley, which lies just over the crossbar of the letter Z's, this is the ancient city of Giribbaja, accumulated inside her neck. This is the palace Bimbisara, and this is also the headquarters of the martial aristocracy and wealthy group of townspeople and the grocery store and the royal foundry forge. Palace was built on the bare rock (the rock was discovered many archaeologists and showcase today), but the main building was made of wood.

Valley extends between the inner city and suburbs, including many clay crowd scattered among rice fields, mango orchards, and meadows.

Once the Buddha and his Sangha, he has three brothers in the Venerable Kassapa with the braided hair ascetic former disciples you, just come and relax at Rajagaha Latthivana (Lam) in the southwest Citadel, Bimbisara be performed: "recluse Gotama, son of line-ca" has arrived, and immediately depart public servants, She-la-keeper, the owner, his entourage and protection War in the woods to celebrate the international customers. In ancient India, it is customary kings civilians alike often visit the monks is not invited to text the audience. By this royal tribute to men retired from the secular and liberal attempt to avoid infringement of the word he.

DRINKS courtiers of the king was not sure who the Teacher's Union, or Uruvela recluse Gotama Kassapa Buddha set up a consultation meeting with Venerable Kassapa. Perhaps the dialogue between the two had been anticipated, but Anyway, it also brought dramatic benefits to the king and was placed in the Pali Canon as possible verses:

Buddha:

Recently sage Kassapa
Churches in forest fire-Pros-frequency speakers,
what reason to give fire,
sage Please tell me clearly?

Venerable Kassapa:

The reward is due to the fact men
are sensual to the stage,
that any legal Worldly purity,
affinity cow herd health.

Buddha:

If the ham is not interested sage
Find pleasure in sacrifices men,
now find anywhere pleasures dozen
Sage said clearly.

Venerable Kassapa:

The peace achieved Nirvana,
Nothing between earthly attachments,
each of insight in mind,
so the fact this man out.
(Mv 1.22.4-5)

As he finished saying these words, Venerable Kassapa Uruvela knelt down to pay homage to the Buddha and declared: "Blessed is my Teacher! Son is his disciple! Blessed is my Teacher! Con as his disciple. " (Mv 1.22.6)

The pay homage to the threshold of the elder Kassapa for the position of spiritual leader recluse Gotama in that time is not yet known those would have caused a strong impression on the king. Negative effects of this increasing more than Venerable Kassapa announced the words twice, making them a force of oath.

He took just a good opportunity to teach because all attention now are flocking toward him. His first sermon to the congregation upon, then all those present, including the king were always volunteered his lay disciples (Mv 1. 22. 8).

The text also recorded an additional paragraph in particular on teaching the king. It is said that, when Seniya Bimbisara, king of Magadha, has understood the Dharma, Dharma can enter and have confidence in the Dhamma, the king said to the Buddha Gotama:

"Prior to a prince, the disciple wishes this year are all achievements. D was estimated to be the next king, and Enlightenment is a step in the country to visit his degree. D is voluntary the audience itself ranks of Enlightenment with all respect the threshold, then it will rank Enlightenment preached to his disciples and the disciples could understand the Dhamma. now everyone wishes there were achievements . example, a character who has built up a thrown down the road or just for those who have lost, or to bring light into the darkness to those who have eyes can see the colors of things, too, the Buddha preached Dhamma to many media, image example. revered sir, this disciple Bhagavan refuge, refuge in the Dharma, the Sangha. desire to disciple Bhagavan received laymen from now until Lifetime ". (Mv 1. 22. 9-11, abridged).

Then the king requested the Buddha meal with them up the next day and he proved masters accepted by silence.

The next morning, King Bimbisara itself Buddha and serve them ^_ a great honor for anyone rarely. But the king was to spend a wonderful surprise further: declared king offered a tribute to "the Buddha Sangha is the foremost ranks", which is dominated Veluvana member (Bamboo), in front of North of Rajagaha subject to masters can retreat in the city which is close, but in a quiet area, easy for visitors to the, which also means seclusion.

The donation was announced legal effect common ritual: pouring water on hands benefactor who admitted in a bowl (of course in this case the yellow bowl). Buddha did not speak a solemn thanksgiving at all, because it will be equal to the value of the other offerings, as it destroys all merit that the pilot had received for her. Instead, he expressed his joy by a French theory Bimbisara. (Mv 1.22.15-18)

The king of Magadha teachers may have taken place in the last months of January and February 528 or 527 BCE. Chronology perhaps rather later. Buddha Bimbisara younger years and in thirty-one-year-old was crowned and reigned sixteen years.

At the time no matter refuge in the Dharma King Bimbisara cause jealousy of foreign masters. In the past as well as today, the Indians have kept the spirit of tolerance as believers receive a school that has not refutes other schools. Do not have an Indian doctrine that requires unique position at all. Previously there was a dispute between the sects, but no fighting and Buddhism also based on peaceful coexistence. Many times we have heard from the Buddha Gotama teaches neophytes to continue offering the hermit monks of the sect that he just left. (Mv 6. 31. 10 f)

There are many signs and equally important is the king's allegiance to the Buddha for decades until the king was murdered, O King Bimbisara show was deeply touched by the Dharma Thich -ca. As the magic of the Buddha, the firm belief by bringing you face to face, aristocratic appearance and eloquence as well as his moderate nature in his view be expressed "Middle Way" noble virtues and especially mystical allure of purpose he proposed release ^_ all this has passionate devotees king: the king felt a spiritual power which makes people filled inner bliss and the king burst forth a ray of light shines on the inner life. At age thirty-one, Bimbisara still young enough to be causing my interest Buddhism, but also mature enough to not lose control with reasonable enthusiasm.

The importance of the sense of Bimbisara for French missionary successful career of the Buddha must not exaggerate at all. Thousands of townspeople imitate Magadha king and recognized Buddhism as he led the way. Some people at that time would have to be how Bimbisara grace, but largely because of religious believers. Indeed, this new doctrine appears to bring something new for everyone at every level. Paths French nobility attracted martial because of the noble and appropriate to serve the national department; also attracted to the Ba-la-keeper because of the reasonable accuracy and transparency of content from philosophical thought. Path strong French influence on caste traders (Ve-Xa) by refuting the costly sacrifice was previously thought to be beneficial to bring in commercial property, and also a decline in empathy from the business world as well. For the worker caste Dalits boat and very kind, attractive religion for their underestimate any special privileges on the blood of the elite class.

Despite the negative judgment on the life of the world, Buddhism is still perceived as a religion of hope, articulate people know how to use the law of Karma (Cause and Effect) to advance efforts up in the hierarchy of society and will ultimately achieve liberation. Thanks to the improvement of O King Bimbisara, Buddhism is social recognition and become subject to comment on everyone's mouth. The road was extended for Buddhism to spread across the country.

 

RELIGIOUS THEORY AND MOGGALLANA SARIPUTTA BECOME disciples

Of course Gotama Buddha is not non-traditional masters in a single Rajagaha. A cult leader other famous capital of Bimbisara is available jaya. The midst of the disciples, Legend has up to two hundred fifty (Mv 1. 23.1), two high-ranking map is particularly talented friends Sariputta pair (Xa-profit-waving), and Moggallana ( Section-Peak-related).

The Venerable Sariputta in the village of Nalaka (now Sarichak) near Rajagaha, in the Ba-la-clan Upatissa subjects. He has three brothers, Cunda, Upasena and Revata and three sisters. His father and mother are Vanganta is Rupasari. He was named after his mother, Sariputta (Tu Xa-profit).

Venerable Moggallana also commonly called as he grows Kolita Kolitagama village (now Kul?) Nalaka village edge, with respect to the age of two authors should Sariputta still playing together since childhood. His mother is Moggallani so he was named after his mother, Mrs. caste-la-keeper, while his father was mayor of a working-class martial Kolitagama (Sat-imperial-capital) at that time was considered elite. This story is that sometimes you have decided to attend the festival every year on the mountain - is probably a fair - to become the mendicant monk in San jaya guru and then made two consecutive Now this. The two promised that if one of the two gain insight before they will teach other people.

It was during his time disciple of guru jaya floor, Venerable Sariputta went into Rajagaha for alms in, meet monks Assaji (Ma Win). This position was formerly fellow of ascetic Gotama while also practicing asceticism and later was ordained at Deer Park in Isipatana do in the first monks in this life. The venerable Sariputta attention even noble posture and calm of monks this stranger, so wait until Venerable monks seeking alms Assaji finished last visit of the Master who is he. The monks replied that his main disciple of the monk Sakiya tribe, and asked the Venerable Sariputta's Dharma masters. Although A-la-elect (in Mv 1. 6. 47), Assaji monks still can not fully present teachings. The venerable sure his new precepts, just follow the Buddha Dhamma briefly, but can also outlining the content. Then said Venerable famous verses rhyme from there onwards, were all Buddhist sects recognized as fundamental tenets:

The law itself a human born,
Tathagata Buddha preached based sources,
the legal way to gradually kill,
maul and median recluse. (Mv 1.23.5)

Venerable Sariputta, with financial intelligence analysis and theoretical philosophy often lauded long time, immediately understood the meaning of this sentence: "Anything that arises under the law (eg, child with the existence of suffering) are subject to the laws destroy. " This means that if there is cause to re-create life after birth, he or she can advance to the state annihilated, ie Nirvana . Mind enlightened by flashes of insight, the Venerable friends rushed to Moggallana to transfer to your new truth (Mv 1. 23. 5-6).

Venerable Moggallana, a meditator particularly talented, thorough and subtle meaning no less you should respect both suggested should go right to ask to see the Buddha and his disciples. However, the Venerable Sariputta rejected because the first two went to consult a San jaya guru and fellow recluse. Then two men will do as intended and fellow monk immediately declared ready to go to the Buddha audience. On the other hand, San jaya guru, as if the two are committed to stay there, the two will be decentralized sect's leader.

When two Sariputta and Moggallana refused the offer and go on with all two hundred and fifty disciples to petition Bamboo Buddha Vihara Sangha admitted, jaya guru floor deck of blood down to his mouth. During this time the Buddha sometimes friendship ordained monks (Mv 1. 24) and soon attained all A-la-han: Venerable Moggallana in one week and the following week Venerable Sariputta. Both have become two disciples of Buddha Gotama, and still keep that status for more than forty years.

Not long after the two became Venerable monks of the Sangha, the Buddha to a visitor from home KAPILAVATTTHU. This is a false religion Kaludayin, that's Udayin Black (Pros-momentum-di), as has often been referred to because he's black skin color. Are you from the time he came to the youth of the Buddha, the king Suddhodana dispatched to find his prince and persuade the Buddha visited the city KAPILAVATTTHU.

Kaludayin enforcement mission with special ingenuity. He came up to join them and therefore accessible anytime Buddha. Then use many words describing flexible, corrugated reinforcement inside the Buddha evokes nostalgia tribal-ca. In a voice filled with warm affection, respect authors illustrate the point of the thousands of trees are blossoming flowers, as a pilgrim stopped watching roadside scenery of things:

Venerable sir, this sparkling trees
and crimson ancient treasure chamber
Look for left, red flowers which constellation is
dangling, bloody brilliant training.
Exalted It is time to apply the
blossoming flowers makes him all Festival Centre.
Throughout the sheer floral fragrance world,
fresh news Flowers fall off to the left,
now the right time Bhagavan would come back,
oh how this season is filled with joy:
air was no sunshine, no welding east.
Tribe -ca,-ly the same sentence worship
When Bhagavan go west toward the
river specifically Overcoming Loss - hi - ni. (Thag 527-9)

Indeed, the Buddha agreed to give false religious persuasion. He promised that he would visit the Venerable KAPILAVATTTHU the city, not at that moment, but after the next rainy season is the time that he intended to settle in Rajagaha. The venerable Kaludayin extremely happy, hurried to bring the good news of the KAPILAVATTTHU King Suddhodana. Perhaps the author also used religious language and cultural Sleek describing things, because religious author who was versed in the art of chanting, this is proved by the verses of the Presbyterian Increase Shelf (Thag 533-5) When Venerable praised King Suddhodana was the father of the Blessed Buddha, and the glory of all her maternal try again:

Heroes are the result of mental
Making his seventh generation in glory,
-ca, he is God all earthly
birth So true sages.
Shuddhodana United, his father Enlightened,
he's Mothers Maya-chief in
Nursing fetus, the Bodhisattva, her full attention.
rebirth At dissolution of the body-rate heaven,
the Lord God in her overflowing optimism enjoying
every single team goddess standing around.

 

SEASONAL RAIN IN RAJAGAHA

As planned, the rainy season the Buddha 527 BC, at Rajagaha (Rajgir) and increase the workshop am for them has been set up in Bamboo Forest, which is the first step of a Vihara. This is the second season since he started spreading the Dharma and is not having problems. The Sangha developed growing cause unexpected difficulties for all grade teacher.

The collection of so many mendicant monk traveling around the city Rajagaha every morning and stood silently in front of the people with the big bowl - not just small cup - waiting for food benefactor resulted in many of the 60,000 townspeople become bored of the scene begging recluse and watch the "mendicant skinhead" as nuisance noise disturbed them, though they are of the denomination's go again.

In addition, there are the negative consequences of social travel alms. Many previously earned career and normal life with his wife and children suddenly stabbed out like this recluse life, joined the congregation to wear helpless needy families. People complain: "Gotama recluses living by making people childless widow, the orphan, separated from their families. has improved The thousands of ascetic hermit braided hair and two hundred and fifty map San jaya guru's followers, even in good noble son Junior as well as his domestic virtues Magadha under the guidance of the recluse. "

So the monks are often teased, especially by the children spoke more from the adult verse:

He came from painted
masters on the
bhikkhus led by
San-jay sharp knife,
who will also ordained
monk regulations for power?

Buddha heard this verse libel from the monks, but he did not bother flinch. He told buzz words did not last long, but he is a great resource strategy skills, mastery of human nature, he tried to find a countermeasure. He responded with a word rhyming verses monks out quickly passed away very effective:

The great hero,
who revealed Truth Really,
just the way Dhamma,
True extremely effective.
Why should anyone envy
the mendicant sage
who put forward Lead
By Dharma as Truth?

True masters as predicted, after several days of criticism is no longer available (Mv 1. 24. 5-7). Maybe the king Bimbisara also several measures used to prevent public dissatisfaction with the health monk definitive gold.

In parallel with the efforts to make the public respect the Sangha is the Buddha's efforts towards internally to train the monks keep the law. It is clear that through the collective edification ascetic hermit of three braided hair Venerable Kassapa's disciples and priests available jaya, some joined up they lack elementary education level, with investment behavior rude and demanding alms violent offense was caused dissatisfaction conviction. Masters offer a wide range instruction to teach word he said politely kept etiquette. He commanded monks robed monks to the rules recluse, modest behavior before the benefactor and real life in silence (Mv 1. 25. 5).

The case of disrespect for teachers teaching the new class monks also led him to promulgate the law on this issue again. He commanded the monks to obey the teacher's teaching (Mv 1. 25. 8), to care for the teacher (Mv 1. 25. 10 + 23), to wash bowls (Mv 1. 25. 11) and wiping his shining again (Mv 1. 25. 19th).

As we know from the origination of many of the Buddha and his disciples wanted to serve him so. Almost always he also was an attendant ( upatthaka ) the servant, the fate of this position is that, in addition to other things, but most fans have masters while he preached under the hot sun (MN 12. 1 ). Without any young monks present, the disciple of Venerable Sariputta them did not hesitate to do so. The attendant servants often are changed until the twentieth year of the French missionary lifetime of the Buddha, Ananda, his cousin, held for new and wholeheartedly devoted servant to the Master when he shared destiny.

 

Buddha homeland

Keep your promise to respect Kaludayin author, Buddha returned KAPILAVATTTHU depart as soon as rainy season ends. He did not travel alone: ​​Venerable Sariputta and some other monks by serving him. Route 60-by-week. A by-week (Yojana) is a road that a cow can go plowing, of about 10 km. Gotama Buddha to spend sixty days to go around 600 km road between Rajagaha and KAPILAVATTTHU. After a quarter of the northwest route, he must pass the Ganges.

Today one can find some of the concepts that journey like if we think of wars as a great leader Gandhi and Vinobha Bhave done. As usual masters stand out or continue conversations sometimes with a few disciples. The way he stepped forward seven years as a faithful disciple of the pioneers paved the way and protect him from harassment indifferent crowd, and the crowd behind him remaining monks, with some devoted posture mindfulness and meditation, some fatigue went away the withdraw. Only three external signs to distinguish the Buddha Great Sage (Mahatma: Gandhi's title) and Vinobha: his clothes are not white but brown yellow red clay phase ( kasaya ), he went barefoot and without a cane. In ancient India, is considered a weapon sticks to the Buddha did not use them.

The following changes to the KAPILAVATTTHU time he only recorded discrete segments of the Pali Canon in chronological order and spot inconsistencies, however, we can also imagine what had happen.

According to tradition, the Buddha has a mendicant monk should not be able to visit King Suddhodana if not requested. The son staying at Nigrodharama (Ni-law question-List: Most forest trees), a place in front of a recluse is usually the current austerity, which has many original banyan ( nigrodha: Ficus bengalensis ) constellation with long roots dangling in the air to form a high forest shade trees welcoming visitors. At that moment the king has not been answered to his prince has arrived. Just after daybreak today, when people saw Siddattha former crown prince brought a bowl to beg on the streets of the city, King Suddhodana new level this report.

The first conversation between father and son is not much going on smoothly. King Suddhodana himself reprimanded his son lost honor when seeking alms in front of his hometown people. Prince Siddhattha this was Enlightened, to be scolded like a child, and he defended himself by telling that traditional monk's alms and living Buddhas of the past have done so. The news Bhaddakaccana Yasodhara, former wife of the Buddha, who lived life "side of the monks fog" for eight long years, still yearn for it should find ways to express her anger. When the Buddha visited the palace of his father the second time, she transmitted the two sons of the Rahula (La-so-la) was the eighth time, came and told: "Hey Rahula, he is the father of the child there. I go to ask him for the part of the property. " He did as she taught Rahula. He bowed respectfully to the Buddha and waited until he left the palace. Then he went in and he said, "O monk, give me the share of the property." Buddha's reaction moderate noble majesty how effective medium. He ordered the Venerable Sariputta get him to move immediately Sa-spot. Thus Venerable Sariputta became the teacher of the principalities Rahula.

King Suddhodana impossible to hear this appease his principalities were also taken out of the family, hastily begged masters never commanded anyone to Sa-monastic cell ( pabbaja ) without parental consent. For testing the monarch then hope the Buddha will cancel the Sa-di principalities of his Rahula is only asking for disappointment. Masters only promise he made ​​at the request of the latter case! (Mv 1. 54)

Despite efforts Scripture presents the first visit of the Buddha KAPILAVATTTHU as a successful lecture tour, success was clearly limited as well. Only a handful of his followers Dharma. The citizens of KAPILAVATTTHU still images recorded in the birth place of the spoiled prince erstwhile should not be able to rely on the position of the Buddha, a level "Awakening" today. They need to have a caution about foreign politics anymore. At that time they did not know O King Kosala Pasenadi just sits at Savatthi is the supreme lord of Sakiya Republic, will see how this new sect.

An in-line Sakiya ordained monks perhaps even before principalities Sa-di sex life Rahula, Nanda Gotama (Nan-momentum), the other children's parents Prince Siddhattha, son of King Suddhodana and that she Mahapajapati sample design. According to Scripture, Prince Nanda persuaded the emperor to become monks and reluctantly accepted the position as royal respect their parents more than just a few days!

Apparently (according to Jataka 182) Prince Nanda, at least in the beginning, is not entirely consistent with the mendicant life. Perhaps to treat with suspicion by virtue of co-determination is often expressed about the life of Venerable Nanda solitude, so the Buddha praised the virtues of false religion, but as a means skillful diplomacy is just praise while he has mapped out a path to the Venerable Nanda practice: such as protection of property (senses), moderation in food, attentive vigilance for body and mind and touched up all the emotional mind (AN 8.9). The teacher was absolutely necessary because the Venerable Nanda has handsome appearance, often laden fantasies love story and also attempted to remove yellow robes and completely discontinued. Until masters specified for that use fake religious identity of her shabby old wife Janapadakalyani beloved, respected author began seriously practicing law itself recluse. Even the later also attained A-la-drought. (Ud 3.2)

Buddha also ordained add another seven-ca, not at home but in Anupiya KAPILAVATTTHU, a place in the Malla republic, the country he had passed on his way from KAPILAVATTTHU. This past Saturday was the capital of the tribe left-ca to become a mendicant monk groups live separately. But when you see the Buddha in Anupiya, and you feel accepted his guidance, the more reasonable is to find the truth yourself for yourself.

The first person in the group receiving the Buddha's Upali (Pros-ba-li), formerly a barber (Cv.7.1.1-4), a mediocre low status in which no one doubts could become an outstanding expert on the rules and norms of behavior within the Sangha. Two more are Anuruddha (A-na-law) and Ananda (Ananda), the Buddha's cousin, the son of his half Amitodana prince, his brother, Father. Both are renowned for faithful devotion to the Buddha special. The rest is the Bhagu (Bat-hard), Kimbila (Kim-Pi-la) and Devadatta (Re-she-was-most). The latter is also the cousin of the Buddha, the prince of the kings Suppabuddha (Giac Compassion), his brother and his Queen! Princess Bhaddakaccana that his ex-wife.

Most famous character is one of the seven Bhaddiya, Kaligodha her son, "Black women Godha", the patriarch of the female line-ca lady holding position widow inheritance. Perhaps she is the widow of a king was a republic ruled Sakiya before King Suddhodana, or his regent. This explains why religion is false Bhaddhiya described monarchs ruled line-ca (Acts 7.1.3) due to confusion with his father respected author.

From Anupiya, stories that continue the journey to Kosambi, the capital of Vamsa (Acts 7.2.1), where the monks are masters escorts reside in your garden Ghosita millionaire business (Cu-professor-la ). This garden is open to the wanderer of all traditions. Some time later, this position also gave him her garden, the opportunity to trade Savatthi to hear the words of the Buddha and became his disciple. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT=WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.4/11/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIME ).