Nirvana Road (II)
"One way to achieve the benefits of the world,
a different path leading to nirvana "- Dhammapada.
The mind (Samadhi)A solid platform ã precept, one step on the path to nobler - meditation - to advance to the temporary suspension (samadhi), which is given control and garnish the center, the second phase of the road in the lobby (Purity).
Dinh (samadhi) is to keep your mind dwell on the point, concentrating on the object, and absolutely no attention other than this section.
According to Buddhism, there is a section forty meditation vary, depending on the nature of the individual mind. Forty subjects of meditation is: a. - Ten titles to conception (Kasina, variable origin) : [1]
1. Land use to index, 2. Use water to index, 3. Use headings fire, 4. Using air as the object, 5. Use green material as the object, 6. Using object as the object is yellow, 7. Use red things to do section, 8. The white used to index, 9. Using light as the object, 10. Used as the object space.b. - Ten title on corpses (asubha, impure) [2], is ten kinds of corpses as follows :
1. Bloated corpses (uddhumataka), 2. Corpse had changed color (vinolaka), 3. Corpses were split up, flowing water (vipubbaka), 4. The severed corpse (vicchidaka), 5. Corpses were gouged to pieces (vikkhayidaka), 6. Corpses ripped to pieces (vikkhittaka), 7. Severed bodies and scattered leaves out swinging (hatavikkhitaka), 8. Bloody corpse (lohitaka), 9. Corpse with Germany (pulapaka), and 10. Skeletal corpse (atthila)c. - Ten Reflections (anussati, concept idea) [3]:
1. Buddhist mindfulness (Buddhanussati), 2. French concept (Dhammanussati), 3. Mindfulness Increase (Sanghanussati), 4. About Mindfulness (Silanussati), 5. Mindfulness Bell Centre (Caganussati), 6. Mindfulness Devas (Devatanussati), 7. Mindfulness peaceful state (Upasamanussati), 8. Anniversary of death (Marananussati), sequential, and together with, 9. Mindfulness Body (Kayagatasati), and 10. Mindfulness of breathing (Anapanasati)d. - Four Infinite Mind, or the four noble virtues (Brahmavihara) :
Since, Compassion, Joy and Dischargee. - A visualization section (Sanna, perception, perception) :
Visualizing the impure nature of real objects [4].f. - A separate section (catudhatuvavatthana) [5]: the four elements as separate physical structure (Four: earth, water, fire, wind). g. - Four Formless Meditation :
1. Realm of endless Space (Akasanancayatana), 2. Endless realm of consciousness (Vinnanancayatana), 3. Void Realms (Akincannayatana), and 4. Phi Phi realm Ideas Ideas (Sanna N'eva n'asannayatana).Heading suitable for different temperament
According books, ten titles of corpses and body expression, such as the 32 defilements, temperament suitable for attachment, because the subject tends to make the group fed physical body that senses grasp.
Quartet Kasinas Infinite Mind and four colors, with appropriate anger temperament.
These topics reflect on the Buddha, etc. .. suited to the temperament of many faith.
These topics reflect on the state of peacefulness, visualizing real objects to boredom, and separation of Sichuan University, temperament suited to the nature of mind form.
These topics such as meditation on the Buddha, kindness, and the concept of the concept dead body, suitable for all temperament.
Having six types of temperament (Carita) is:
1. Craving temperament (ragacarita),"Carita" is the temperament, or the intrinsic nature of a person. The nature of this expression when in a normal state, there is nothing to fluctuate. Inherent nature of each person is different so where past actions, or karma of each person different. The familiar action tends to create unique temperament.
2. Anger temperament (dosacarita),
3. Deluded temperament (mohacarita),
4. Temperament have more faith (saddhacarita),
5. Intellectual temperament inclined (budhicarita), and
6. Heedless temperament (vitakkacarita).
parties in some people, "raga" or craving, have a stronger capacity of other nature, while "dosa" or hatred, malice hatred , excels where other people. Most beings that belong to two categories. There is a small portion, less intelligent and less delusion (mohacarita). Close to the delusion class temperament with those distractions, can not focus on one thing (vitakkacarita). Several people have directed special attention fervent, unwavering faith (saddhacarita), others are special cleverness (buddhicarita).
coordinate the temperament that together have 63 categories. As with temperament survey (ditthicarita) 64 categories.
These topics can meditate, more or less, suitable for each and every class of temperament.
Before you practice meditation, the practitioner should carefully observe the meditation subject. In ancient times, like meditation to seek the guidance of a competent teacher and thanks to the help of this, choose an appropriate title for his temperament. Today, practitioners should consider taking yourself and choose topics that they deem most appropriate.Practitioners may be ten armies of Mara were attacked as recorded in the Sutta Nipata [6]. Ten's army:
When selected headings, one must retreat into a quiet place, as little as possible shaken. A cluster of forest, a cave or other secluded places can also adapt. Where's practice fewer distractions while meditating.
should know that scene in the quiet side of everyone. If the police do not care, oil and quiet in the middle of the jungle is not appropriate. But if the mind is not shaken in the city center also. The scenery around is only an indirect impact, helping your mind dwell.
thing which he must next decide whether the time, at which he and the scenery around is more convenient conditions for meditation.
Early morning still fresh mind, or dinner, before bed, if not too tired, usually the best time to act wise. However, oil is now that we have chosen, so try to keep it on time every day, so that the mind is known, have a positive impact in practice.
way seat can also help to focus your mind. Easterners generally sit cross-legged on the left side and put the left foot placed on the side, his body upright. It is the lotus posture. If you are unfamiliar surely find it difficult to sit like that. Many elderly people sit easier sell. Just to put his right foot on the left side, while the left leg to below are, from having to hang up.
As he sat in the triangular rhythm steady himself. Located on the left hand side, right neck, keep your nose on a line perpendicular to the navel. Pressed tongue on the roof of expectations. This is going straight and clothing should not be tight waist too. Some people have to close my eyes to not see anymore.
Closing his eyes closed is also beneficial, but often or drowsiness. It's time to sleep and then one does not take care of control again. The uncertainty arises thought, no longer hold themselves neatly, Meng accidentally open, drooling and head down.
often sat cross-legged Buddhas, the lotus bud, eyes half closed, looking at the tip of the nose to the press land, not far from the entrance than a size two.
Persons who find difficulty lotus posture, can conveniently sit on a chair, or anywhere else, just high enough to guard two feet on the ground.
sit unimportant World . Practitioners arbitrary, how to sit well, as long as comfortable and easy as is.
Persons who wish to pay attention to trying to collect a point to efforts to control pollution ideas when it has arisen.
1. lust (kama), 2. discouraged (arati), 3. hunger and thirst (khuppipasa), 4. craving (tanha), 5. chased sloth (Thina-middha), 6. fear (Bhaya), 7. skepticism (vicikiccha), 8. defamatory, disparaging and stubborn (makkha, thambha), 9. Unjust recording won a good reputation, fame, praise and compliments benefits (labha, siloka, Sakkara, micchayasa), and 10. conceit and contempt for others (attukkamsanaparavambhana).Depending on the case, following the suggestion of the Buddha in meditation can be useful for everyone.
1. Trying to make good ideas, contrary to the ideological obstacles. As with anger problems, try to create from the heart.When you have gone through the necessary stages that, he should find a secluded place and put their faith in the will to achieve, among other objectives, tlien paddle and try to develop concentration.
2. Reflecting the adverse consequences may occur. To think that anger can lead to sin, murder, etc. ..
3. No notice, to forget the bad thoughts that.
4. Going against the current of thought, Phang once more, to find out why this thought arises that pollution and so on, in reverse that process, the practitioner gradually forget bad things.
5. Indirect application of physical capacity. As well as a strong and robust overcome another, debilitating weakness, we must use the body's strength to conquer evil thoughts. The Buddha advised: "Clenching his teeth and tongue pressed against the roof of the top prospects, the authors have exhausted the capacity to control the mind and so, when biting teeth and tongue pressed close to the top, coercion and restraint heart, evil thoughts and depression risk will gradually dissipate. therefore calm the mind, an office, and the most pure. " [7]
An object to such Kasina circle can only help the practitioner to attain. As a virtue such as kindness is particularly beneficial created temperaments or human nature.
During meditation, the practitioner can repeat can understand the words, or verses especially, because the word reminds practitioners or ideals for which it stands.
Petroleum determination their efforts, the author of the profile is still experiencing difficult times, the initial stumbling. "Mind reporter, foreign ideas and topics will arise before the eye wanders, feel impatient, that slow progress up frustrated, so losing patience, less effort." But practitioners must persevere, not failure. Try more, more, to overcome all obstacles, overcome difficulties and to look into the problem and to keep my mind distracted for a second.
example of fake land titles Kasina use meditation (Kammatthana) :
First get bored doing the clay round plate with three feet of glass surface, to smooth sharp high heels, fill your face smooth and steady. The circular disk Kasina to this meditation is called preliminary section (parikamma nimitta). Put that way Kasina her place with a yard, one gazed at it and thought "pathavì, pathavì" (earth, land) to remain at full attention, no other foreign ideas. And to do so for some time - sometimes weeks, sometimes months, several years or more - one can imagine that the moment headings eyes still see the ring Kasina. It is the image of the subject appears in the mind (uggaha nimitta). File on trying, one uggaha nimitta intently on this and develop conceptual image of title (patibhaga nimitta).According to the Visuddhimagga (Visuddhi Magga), the difference between the two images was: "In 'uggaha nimitta' practitioners also evident Kasina circular plate, as the rate that is still in the rough ... etc. ' patibhaga nimitta 'Kasina round plate appears as a new round mirror from the shell out, or like a conch shell cultivate glossy, like the full moon or outcrop between the clouds. "
concept Picture (patibhaga nimitta) no color, no shape. It's just a form of perception created by the highway.
Then the practitioner attempts to focus on the concept of abstract images, and reached the level he called "close to" (upacara samadhi, samadhi near the center). Then, in the spirit inherent obstacles, being conjoined with (nivarana, in legal hindrances, or in obscure legal) temporary fix because your mind dwell, best breakfast (ekaggata), hazelnut ( pity), range (vitakka), pleasure (sukha), and close (vicara), since the order. At that time, all can enter and attain meditative, quiet life and enjoy a state of calm about most points. Mind this is the most accomplished practitioners have passed through the legal hindrances (nivarana), to achieve the state called cittavisuddhi (Pure Heart), a second phase of Purity.If practitioners do use water Kasina meditation subject should even get a bowl of water filled his mouth, preferably rain water clean, colorless and gazed at it, and thought "apo, apo" (water, water ) to calm the mind, resting in the water section.
Want to use fire Kasina titles, one a small fire burning in front of him and stared at it, through a four-finger sized hole surface in a glass cloth or leather cushion.
Kasina With the wind section, the authors look at the wind blowing through the window or a hole in the wall and take note of "vàyo, vàyo" (wind, wind) .
If you want the subject to use color, use a circular disk Kasina colors like green, yellow, or red, or white and gazed at her colors and concepts such as "green, green" (Nilam, Nilam) also such as land titles, etc. .. Practitioners can also look at flowers or green, or yellow, etc. .. to cast her colors.
Practitioners to light concept headings can see the moon, or a unmoving lamp or the light of the moon or sun pictures, slide through the leaves or through the wall, printed on the wall or on the ground, and the term "Aloka, Aloka" (light, light.)
Can develop and cultivate headings space by looking up to heaven, through the hole in the glass surface four fingers , carved on a wall, or on a piece of cloth or leather.
Titles from the competition (Asubha)
In ancient India, people do not bury the dead, cremated and not only brought to the graveyard outside. Thus, there are ten kinds of corpses as the object of meditation. Today, it is no longer customary. Thus, the ten items on the corpse meditation can not questioned.
Reciting the Buddha's grace (Buddhanussati)
A meditation on the virtues of the Buddha as follows:
"Blessed is the one application it would end, Turn Right Tri, Minh Hanh Memberships, celestial body, the World League, Supreme Officers, The royal secretary, Sphinx God, Buddha, the Blessed One." .Recitation of the characteristics of the Dharma (Dhammanussati)
As reflected on the characteristics of the Dhamma as follows:
"Buddha Dhamma teaching skill and spread to full self-realization is, immediate performance, encourage reflection exploration, leading to the place (Nirvana), to understand the wise peace , each for himself. "Concept of Sangha (Sanghanussati)
As reflected on moral purity of the Church members as follows:
"The Church of the Blessed One's disciples is perfect virtue. Rank the qualities he has wisdom. Away is the Dao have four successful and four fruit. Church of the Lord's disciples Religion is the worthiest to receive offerings and accommodation. The level is worthy of his worship, is unsurpassed field of merit for the world. "About notion of virtue (Silanussati)
A meditation on the virtues are perfect on their own.
Concept of charity care (Caganussati)
A meditation on the nature of the generous clemency himself.
Concept of gods (Devanussati)
is reflected as follows:
"The gods were born into the world scene by encouraging khoiay through faith and other virtues of Him. Has the qualities I was."Contemplating how many times.
Recitation of the characteristics of Nirvana (Upasamanussati)
is thinking about the characteristics mattress calm of Nirvana, as the cessation of suffering, and the like.
Anniversary of death (Marananussati)
is contemplating termination of life-physical mind. Contemplation of death help practitioners understand the temporary nature of life. When thoroughly understand that death is a certainty in life is temporary and, most times, the author will try to take advantage of this life to self-cultivation, self-development and to help others open up, rather than wasting now in sensual, easy stretch. Tenacious to meditate, contemplate death makes one becomes a pessimistic and negative life but on the contrary, more active and more diligent. In addition, one can also cope with death calmly, calmly. When contemplation of death, one can contemplate that life as an oil lamp, or contemplate that the beings known only as temporary manifestations of karmic outwardly invisible, no other light bright electric lights are temporary manifestations of invisible electric energy in the electrical cord.
meditator can visualize life in many other ways, contemplating the impermanent nature of human lives and events displays natural death is sure to come.
Mindfulness Body (Kayagatasati)
As reflected on thirty-two parts of the body as impure hair, feathers, nails, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones, marrow, take, heart, liver, spleen, bile, lungs, intestines, stomach, etc. ..
Contemplation on the nature of the impurities can help practitioners overcome attachment to myself. Many monks the Buddha attained Arhat meditate with this section.
Persons not suitable for all thirty-two of impurities can choose a few bones, flesh, skin also. Inside this body is the skeleton. Full external skeleton is meat, and outside, just a layer of skin and bones wrapped meat. When contemplating how the physical body, the practitioner gradually reduce body attachment.
For those who do not focus on sensuality, this section may not be appropriate. The meditator may visualize the inherent creative capacity of this complex machine we call the human.
Mindfulness of breathing (Anapanasati)
A meditation on breathing methods, means that breathes Ana, Apana is exhaled.
Join meditation, mindfulness of breathing is practiced methods for resting the mind and help practitioners realize intelligent Directed insight knowledge and lead to Arahatship.
meditation This section is very useful and can be suitable for everyone. Formerly Buddha was also applied to meditate on this book a tour before he attained supreme Buddha.
Economics Satipatthana Sutta (Foundations of Mindfulness) and Purity books have presented this rewarding practice with full details.
following are a few things for the beginner in meditation:
Should select the appropriate posture. Keep your body straight. Put your hands on the left hand side. Eyes closed or open hi hi.This clearly demonstrates that the goal of breathing meditation is to cultivate not only the mind but also opened offices insight knowledge to achieve a final release.
notion Before starting, slowly breathe out long in the mouth, then closed it. Then breathe in through your nose, as usual, trying to not breathe too strong nor too weak. Now breathe in counting silently, One. Then breathe out, count two. Always focus on the breath, do not remember anything else. And just breathe in count three, exhale four counts, like in October. While the concept of the mind one can neglect bohemian. But do not lose heart. Let's try to keep my mind on the breath. Slowly practitioners can increase the range, as counted in the full range from one to ten, for example. Later, practitioners can focus on your breathing without counting. Some people like to count, because the count is to focus your mind easily. Also many people do not like. It is essential to focus your mind. Counting the dependency.
when practicing this meditation, the practitioner feels itself is very peaceful and soothing. After experiencing a time when, on the other practitioners understand is that what they call themselves are just living on the breath, and the breath is terminated, the body must die. Immediate assessment practitioner of impermanence of all things organic. Where do they change very often where he can not really exist, or immortal soul. So much insight to realize deployed Arahatship Act.
This method is simple and harmless means that all everybody can practice.
For full details, readers can refer to the Visuddhi Magga (Purity).
According to the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipatthana), chanting breath can practice the following :
"Breathe, breathe practitioner noted. Exhale, exhale practitioner noted.Four Immeasurable Mind (Brahmavihara)
1. - "As long inhalation, he knows: 'I breathe in long'. When breathing out long, he knows, 'I sighed,'.
2. - "When a short inhalation, he knows: 'I breathe in short." When breathing out short, he knows:' I breathe out short ' .
3. - "Perceptual clear and complete the process of breathing (ie, early stage, mid-stage and late stage), 'I will breathe in' the author himself took such training; clear and full perception integrity of the breathing process, 'I will breathe out', and the author himself took such training. 4. - "Make calming breath, 'I will breathe in', the author himself took such training . Makes calming breath, 'I will breathe out', the author himself practiced it. "
Here Brahma means noble or noble as the noun "brahmacariya" (noble way of life). Vihara means or methods of moral status, or the status of life. The state is also known as "appamanna" immeasurable, infinite. Because these ideas are sprinkled throughout for all living beings, no limits, no obstruction.
Metta (Sanskrit is "maitri") kindness, compassion, generosity, faith, defined What makes a soft heart. Metta (metta) is not related to love, sensuality and personal affection for someone. Enemies of interest directly from the anger, hatred, or dislike it, annoyed (kodha). The enemy indirect personal affection (pema). Metta embraces all beings, without discrimination and without removing any beings. To the ultimate level, the mind is free from all human beings assimilate (sabbattata), itself permeated all, see things and I are one. Metta is the sincere wish for all beings be well happy. Benevolent attitude is its chief characteristic from. Metta shun anger, hatred.
compassion (karuna) is what gives us quiver suffering of others, that which dissipates the sufferings of the people. Characteristics of compassion (karuna) is willing to help others escape the misery. Direct enemy of compassion is rotten morbid (himsa), and its indirect enemy is sorrow, sorrow (domanassa). Compassion embraces the suffering beings and banish all evil brutal action.
Tam Joy (Mudita) is not a mere state of delight, which is the heart joyful, sympathetic, happy others before . Jealousy (issa) is the direct enemy of sympathetic joy, joy down and cheerful attitude is indirect enemy. Its chief characteristic is happy with the Hy prosperity and success (anumodana) of others. Hy Center embraces the well-beings. Hy virtue Center is pleased honest general, we celebrate and praise. Mind Hy eliminate all forms of discontent (arati) before the prosperity of others.
Drain Center (upekkhà) the literal, the impartial judgment, that no attachment nor aversion. It is not a cold, indifferent but calmly state, completely unmoving, the absolute center of balance. This is the calm mood of mind between the circumstances of the vicissitudes of life, such as praise and blame, happiness and suffering, gain and loss, fame and disrepute. The direct enemy of equanimity is attachment (raga), and its indirect enemy is cold attitude, accidentally. Carefree attitude is its chief characteristic Discharge (upekkhà.)
Here, the term does not mean that interest upekkhà neutral, not-well-being - not-mind-brain, which clearly implies a virtues. Calm, equanimity is considered the most literal. Mind Drain covers both good and bad, what to love and abominable, as well as enjoy playing hearts.
books Purity (Visuddhi Magga) described in sufficient detail to develop methods for the Four Immeasurable Mind Development the Zen story-na (jhana.)
Once successfully developed and fully cultivate Zen (jhana), one can easily develop your spiritual powers (abhinna) as the third eye (dibacakkhu), natural atrial (dibbasota), remembering a past life (pubbe nivasanusstinana), tha information (paracittavijanana) and many other divine power (iddhividha).
Wearing the concentration (samadhi) and the mental capacity black certainly many benefit to practitioners, we noted that up is not essential for successful Arahatship Act. There are Arahat called Sukkhavipassaka, straight lines, and attainment Arahatship by insight meditation (vipassana), without support of Zen-na (jhana). Many people in the Buddha's time, men and women have attained Arhat attained without meditation (jhana).
Only those who have attained the meditative development of new kinds of magic powers (abhinna) is:
1) Dibbacakkhu, third eye, also called lily label, is the ability to see things in the heavenly scene or the scene, near or far, but that person can not see.
2) Cutupapatanana, relevant knowledge the death and the appearance of being back, is synonymous with natural label, or label. Anagatamsanana, knowledge related to the future, and Yathkammupagatanana, knowledge about the departure of the options being moral or immoral action, the two kinds of knowledge in this classification.
3) Dibbasota, natural ear, also called the atria or atrial wisdom, the ability to hear sounds, subtle or gross, far or near.
4) Pubbenivasanussatinana, is the ability to recall past lives, their own and others. In this regard, the capacity of the Buddha there is no limit. He can remember countless past lives. But for others this capacity is limited, depending on the extent of cultivation.
5) Paracittavijanana, tha information, the mental capacity to read others' thoughts.
6) is Iddhividha Psychic Powers Information such as flying in the air, walk on water, ground chun, creating new forms, etc. ..
Footnotes:
[1] "Kasina" here means complete, all full. So called because the light precipitate out from the conceptual image of title "Kasina" to fully covered, all without limitation.
In cases where land titles, we have to make a pie plate , the glass surface of a gang of four fingers. Get clay colored sky at dawn, stuffed shellfish, cover up, high heels and carefully, so smooth. If there is no sufficient ground color as the sky at dawn, the face, and then use other colors are earth, to cover the bottom. The round object in the earth's reflection called "Kasina mandala."
as well as other types of similar Kasina so. Purity Books have been described in detail. It should be noted that the subject of light and space in the classics. Excluding these two headings, the remaining thirty-eight subjects of meditation all.
[2] At the time of the Buddha have also wrapped the corpse in the cemetery, awaiting burial or burning, also prey for animals and birds. Today, the corpse can not be like that to use as the object of meditation.
[3] "Anussati" is the concept of idea, concept ceaselessly.
[4] "Ahare patikkulasanna" - such as visualizing how disgusting nature of things do you go to look for, when to eat, when secreted, digestion time, at exit, etc. ..
[5] For example, by monitoring the four elements: earth, with the extended nature (pathavì); country, conjoined the (apo); fire, heat (tejo), and gi, mobile (vajo). Considering the particular characteristics.
[6] Padhàna Sutta, page 28.
[7] Majjhima Nikaya, Vitakka Santhana Sutta, END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.6/11/2013.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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