Buddhism is a religion in the long history of the world. Christian Buddhism appeared after 600 years. Muslim (Mahammad) also began proselytizing Buddhism 1,200 years later. So the world's two largest religions latter also has a lot of Buddhist influence. In India, Buddhism permeates popular in India about 1500 years and have started experiencing the hostility of the Saudi religious people who invaded India more than 1000 years ago. 700 years later, Buddhism was completely destroyed in lands generated it, the relic as Bodhi Gaya (Buddha-Gaya), Sarnath (Benares), Mountain Spirit Lhuu (Rajagriha) etc ... were smashed broken . The Buddha's disciples had to flee the country in exile through the mountains carrying Tibetan Buddhist scriptures. So, after his recovery, the Buddhist scriptures in India have been found in Tibet lot.
Bodhi Gaya history has been forgotten in a few centuries, not a single Buddhist pilgrims pay homage to admire. However, today Buddhism in India is gradually prospering again, Bodhi Gaya in general and the Bodhi tree - where the Buddha sat in meditation and enlightenment in particular is being restored back. Buddha's Day celebration Enlightenment - particularly Buddhist calendar 2545 to be held in Bodhi Gaya, I'm pleased to introduce V AI NET The progression of the Bodhi Tree from Buddha's time so far .
Bodhi tree (Bodhi tree) is called "asvatthi," or banyan tree (Pipal, pippali). According to the botanical definition, the Bodhi tree is "Ficus religiosa" meant to symbolize wisdom and enlightenment of the Buddha, the so-called "tree of enlightenment," or commonly known as "the Bodhi tree . "[1]
According to archaeologists, this tree is considered sacred since the dawn of history Indus civilization. In the Rig Vedic, the oldest religious activities of ethnic Aryans in India has said that the Bodhi tree is revered as sacred objects from that era. [2]
In fact, before Buddhism appeared in India, the plant is also grown a lot in this country. Ancient human diet respected and feared massive objects like trees, giant ice caves, the mountain ranges ... because they think it is the abode of the gods, spirits and even Journal of the evil demons. While Buddhism appeared in India, trust in these trees is home to the gods and demons as further seepage. And in the Buddhist scriptures as: Vimanavatthu and Petavatthu also told many stories relating to the place of residence of the gods and demons in the trees.
The concept of tree worship peaked in the Bodhi tree worship. Its importance lies not only in nature but also majestic tree is a combination of the greatest attainment of the Buddha, which is enlightenment. So the Bodhi tree from a regular tree has been regarded as the symbol of the presence of the Buddha and the realization of Buddhahood. There is an event of the Bodhi tree was happening right when the Buddha achieved enlightenment. Buddha spent seven weeks through an entire day looking at the Bodhi tree with grateful eyes trees have sheltered him the night rain and wind storms, sunny days as the fire burned during the past until he enlightenment. All of this combined creates the character of the Bodhi tree at Bodhi Gaya - tree of enlightenment.
Anguttara Nikaya number of arguments says that Bodhi tree should be worshiped, except only the case if the Bodhi tree branch roof made obstacles, altars, or it rot on trees or birds dirty solemn temples, the place we are allowed to cut away. According to the laws of the government of Sri Lanka to the Netherlands in the 18th century is the post if anyone destroys the temple, the Bodhi tree and the property will be religious government of Sri Lanka (Sinhala) rules the death penalty. [ 3]
In India in new religious monuments are common cultural heritage not only of India but the whole of humanity, so be very careful and protect each sanctuary site are generally notice if someone beats break perverted legacy will be severely punished. There are government law trial strict.
Commenting on the worship of the Bodhi tree today, a Buddhist scholar Rhys Davids has cautiously reminds us that the worship of external objects like trees are not really useful, but as the Bodhi tree has symbolic significance for the life of Buddha and His supreme enlightenment. Today, the ritual forms around the root Bodhi Day a little development and no matter how experienced decline over the centuries.
Those who perform the ritual worship of the Bodhi tree is called "Bodhi Puja." Bodhi Puja in spiritual meaning is "feeling" (bodhi), meaning Buddha's enlightenment, but in practice "bodhi" means only a Bodhi tree, is one of the old trees like that . So the meaning of the worship practice seems lost that turn into tree form of worship prevalent in India and around the same time during the currency of Buddhism. Today Bodhi Puja prevailing in the sacred sanctuary and has formed into a formal solemn ceremonial. These beautiful garlands, the candlelight, fragrant smoke of incense, colorful flags blowing wards throughout the Bodhi tree, under the Bodhi roots and surrounding ... has made sacred Bodhi tree is full of religious.
In the Great Nirvana (Maha-Parinibbana) under the Ministry of Economic School, [4] The Buddha told Ananda that Bodhi Gaya Bodhi tree where one of the four holy sites for Buddhists feel that Information glasses should come to admire his prostration and added that " Those who trust birth with confidence when worship will be reborn in happy realms. " [5] The sacred Bodhi tree as a symbol of enlightenment and as the embodiment of the Buddha. Once when we visited the disciples worship the Buddha at Jetavana monastery (In Sravasti) at that age Anathapindika (Anathapindaka) elders said to Ananda, the Buddha should establish a sanctuary to rise fragrance of tea ... while Buddha was away from the Jetavana monastery. From this, the Buddha called extracts a branch of the Bodhi tree at Bodhi Bodhi Gaya to grow at Jetavana monastery gate. Then to make the tree more sacred Buddha meditating under the Bodhi tree for a full night. And Bodhi tree which also became an object of worship.
In that sense, the Bodhi tree is perceived not only as sex objects for Buddhist feast but also a symbolic expression for his own life and his great attainments. The planting of the Bodhi tree as a sacred object, especially when that picture, statue is not popular in India. In Kalinga-Bodhi Jataka [6] and Kosiya [7] has reported that during the time of Sakyamuni Buddha Bodhi tree is revered and worshiped as Buddha. Bodhi Tree is considered one of the three sacred objects, along with the temple (cetiya) and power tower (patimaghara) should be worshiped. All three objects are considered equally important. But between these objects, relics of the Buddha are considered more important and precious.
After the Buddha's passing away, Emperor Ashoka wholeheartedly express their reverence and respect for their protection Bodhi tree at Bodhi Gaya. This Buddhist emperor sent his daughter a princess who later became monks and nuns Sanghamitta-south extracts a branch of the Bodhi tree brought over Sri Lanka in the ancient city of Anuradhapura planted during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa reign. Bodhi tree branches are still green to this day. While the original Bodhi tree at Bodhi Gaya was destroyed several times by several times after that. So the Bodhi tree was declared in the history of the world's oldest tree is the tree planted in Anuradhapura this city. [8]
According to chronicles of Sri Lanka, Dipavamsa (IV century), the Mahavamsa (V century) and Samanta-Pasadika (V century) written in Pali language and two Sri Lankan king said that during treatment Devanamapyatissa because in the third century BC, the son of Emperor Ashoka Bhikkhu Mahinda went as missionaries in Sri Lanka and has touched the king and the people of this peaceful island. And he established the first Buddhist Sangha here.
During Mahinda in Sri Lanka, he said to King Devanamapyatissa king Ashoka propose a branch courtesy Bodhi tree in Gaya Bodhi planted in the capital to Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
The painting expresses Sanghamitta nuns carrying a Bodhi tree is the Bodhi Tree from Buddha to growing in soil in Sri Lanka
Talking about the facts of the Bodhi tree in Gaya and Bodhi in Sri Lanka, reports The Maha Bodhi, Buddha Gaya, July, 1903 said that:
"Bodhi Tree where Buddha meditated before bhagawan gone now. Cay was destroyed in 1874 Palletiser (PL. 2418). A branch of the Bodhi tree was Sanghamitta monks-ni, the King girls bring Ashoka planted in the capital Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. When the original tree was destroyed in 1874, a new twigs grow up and it's lush Bodhi tree in Gaya Bodhi today. Grows very dense and full of lush green leaves. "
When Venerable Anagarika Dharmapala (the Maha Bodhi Society founded in India and around the world) has visited the Bodhi Gaya on the first 22-1891 was so happy and touched by the holy sanctity related to the life and enlightenment of the Buddha, but he was so heartbreaking to see the decline of this place deteriorate. He was sitting next court Vajra (Vajrasana) under the Bodhi roots and that he would restore the ruins where Buddhism is born. Monk was one of the first people instrumental in the restoration of Buddhist Bodhi Gaya Buddhism in particular and India in general in the time of the nineteenth century-XX. And also from the foundation of the building Venerable, Maha Bodhi Society today has developed and is present in many countries around the world.
Historical Bodhi tree in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka President offered treasures to the Bodhi tree on May 24, 2009
We can also find the first record of the precious Bodhi tree at Bodhi Gaya after the Buddha through the signing of the pilgrimage of the Chinese pilgrim.
Fa Hien visited his Bodhi Gaya in 400 and in his memoir Pilgrimage, he described the Bodhi Gaya as follows:
"The recluse Gotama go to the front, and under the tree to-pei, sand grass wall coverings, face toward the east. Started his peace of mind and for seven days he enjoyed peaceful liberation state that. well in this place, we have to build a tower marking where he was walking east in the past seven days from the west while the gods appeared with seven precious offerings to the Buddha praised. Also mark where a tower blind turtle Mucchalinda surrounded Buddha and get started as a way to cover his head from the storm. tower where Buddha is also sitting on a rock under a tree Nyagrodha square, facing east are getting the worship and offerings of a Ba-la-keeper, also a tower marking the four Heavenly Kings reverently offered his precious bowl. tower also marks the 500 merchants offering him bread and honey corn ... "[10]
Or as Xuanzang went to India in the year 629 and has undergone 16 years of worship and study here. In his memoir, he tells Bodhi Gaya as follows:
"Going to the southwest from the summit Pragbudhi about 14, 15 miles, we come to the Bodhi tree. Cay is surrounded by a tall brick wall and solid. Rectangular wall this long from east to west, from north to south short. perimeter of it about 500 steps. kind of rare plants with beautiful flowers the museum together. marine plants spread to other plants that colonized the background form a tapestry on land. opened the gate on the east side, facing the river-boat Ni-venture (Nairanjana) wide. Inside the walls surrounding the shrine where many paths cross each other in the transverse direction. Here many towers and temples. Several Kings, Princes and famous people in South Africa Thiem multiples (Jambudvipa) have built trust with many temples were directed here to celebrate.
Government is building a wall between the Diamond Sutra (Vajrasana) where the Buddha sat in meditation. In the old days when life was time aeon fullness, when the earth was created, the court Vajra (Vajrasana) also appeared. It is located in the center of the universe and then go into deep down Kim moral ground. It is made up of diamonds. The circumference of about 100 steps, on this court aeon 1000 Buddhas life has to sit and enter vajras court so that the court is called Vajra (Vajrasana). This is where the Buddha reached the holy religion, so it is also called the Bodhi Gaya.
Bodhi tree inside buildings Vajra (Vajrasana) is Tatpala tree, like most trees (pippali). In the old days when Buddha was alive several hundred feet high tree [11] were cut so many times. So cut it burned several times but still high about 40, 50 feet. Seated Buddha achieved enlightenment under this tree to tree called Tam tam Bodhi Comment (Samyak sambodhi, Bodhi druma). The stems are yellow and white. Leaves and branches dark green. Leaf chlorosis was not even in winter or summer, but we still shiny and green all year not change. But on the Buddha entered nirvana here chlorosis and leaf fall down, but instead was marvelous! Then shortly lush as before. On holidays, many pilgrims from many countries gathered in large numbers here to thousands of people. They test different deep water, fresh milk aroma in Bodhi roots, fresh flowers and aromatherapy widely to make offerings. The flag, phoenix, lights, candles flickering lighting always at the Bodhi tree and around it.
Bodhi Tree was cut after the first Buddha was by King Ashoka. King Ashoka's reign in the early days was a pagan and want to destroy the traces of the Buddha should have summoned an army, he personally led the troops to come here to kill the Bodhi tree. He has cut down trees to take root, chopped stems and branches into small pieces of scrap wood and poured westward there. Then he had ordered a-la-keeper She made burnt offerings to the wood pile to Brahma. Not long after the smoke vanished round the Kia, a Bodhi tree is sprouting up from the ashes with shimmering foliage like feathers, this tree is called "Bodhi tree from the ashes. " King Ashoka see this magical consciousness immediately regretted. He used aromatic milk drenches old tree to fertilize it, and lo! The next morning the Bodhi tree has grown as old. The king size mystery item this should increase confidence in the mind so powerful offerings tree, he felt at peace to forget the return of supply. Queen, a follower of Balaam left for a night in early sneak tree felling. The next morning when the king came to the only holiday that tree roots are cut out to be extremely painful. With all sincerity he prayed and watering the tree with fragrant milk. Less than a day, the Bodhi tree sprang back together. The king was touched by this miracle was to build a wall 10 feet high around the tree. This wall is still seen today. Later SASANKA follow pagan king and defame Buddhism came to the Bodhi tree felling, cutting down all the branches of any lu off the ground, but he just could not cut down the tree. He went to the tree and poured sugar cane burning desire to destroy the roots of the tree.
Several months later, King Purnavarama (Bat Phu Lau Na Ma) [12] of Ma-masterpiece-momentum, the last heir king Ashoka line that has heard the lament, " the sun of wisdom has been set, no What was left outside the Bodhi roots and even today it has been destroyed, where will provide spiritual resources . " He has his character down grief, then thousands of cows milk to irrigate crops, tree overnight has again come to life and grow over ten feet high. For fear of trees will be harmed again, should the king to build a wall 24 feet high tree cover. When Xuanzang here, the walls are still 20 feet high.
There is not even a news discounts on dharma and summer-autumn worship of Ma La (Shiva). He heard La ID summer-autumn mountain snow will appear along with the paint so I had to go there to pray. Sakka appeared saying: "those who pray should have a great merit. If you pray without merit as a basis, we can not satisfy your prayers."
The press on to ask: "What merits the child to satisfy his success to prayer for me?"
Sakka said, "if you want to work with great merit, to find a really good environment. Bodhi Tree is the place to reach Buddhahood. Users should immediately return it and built a large monastery next to the roots Bodhi, a large lake and make offerings to all things. then you will surely seek to achieve. "
After hearing these words, the discounts and even his brother turned on Bodhi roots. Whom he built a monastery, I dug the lake, then they prepare the hearty offerings and intellectual resources of all the words they found wishes, prayers while away their achievements. The discounts are even greater style as an official. He brought us from all that wealth to charity.
Not far from the tree ... Bodhi south is a 100 feet high stupa by King Ashoka erected. After bodhisattva bathed in the river-related Ni-boat (Nairanjana), he went to the Bodhi roots. Then he thought: "I must make a seat with materials What I have to find something really pure when it is light." Brahma then turned into a grass cutting along the coast road with a bunch of grass on the back. Bodhisattva towards him saying: "You can tell we're carrying on her father's back, or not."
The Coalition bunch grass mowing with all godliness. Bodhisattva after receipt of donations went toward Bodhi roots "[13]
Thus, through the evidence cited above, we can know that the historical journey to seek the truth, the roots under the Bodhi-Ni inter-river boat, the village of long-Pros-frequency- Speaker, Prince All-reach multi-described enlightened and enlightenment that light for us all. This is a real existing events and history supporting them.
The historian famous Buddhist Taranath also noted that land invasions Ma-out-west trend of kings, Hunimanta century stupa I was devastated, canopied Walk was ousted and of course tree sacred Bodhi in fire smoke can not escape that fate hiu. By the end of the seventh century, after the death of King Harsha Vardhana, the court reached the hands of his Brahmin Adittya Ms. Sena and his entourage. During this time, the Chinese pilgrim visited the shrine Bodhi Gaya many times and have to say that Bodhi tree still quiet before the storm lived persistence of human and natural disasters. And for the next century in the reign of lines 700-800 of them Buddhist Pala kings, Purna Vermma king Bodhi tree was planted the year began his reign about 813 years. Then plant uneventful life until the invasion of the Muslim army Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji in 1201, the Bodhi tree was broken and burning of sacred stupa to house.
Together with the vicissitudes of fate the history of Buddhism, Bodhi tree has been cut so many times destroyed by burning winds ephemeral erosion of natural disasters and cruelty by the thought of how many times has wanted to dispel traces of it. Yet, miraculously! Bodhi seeds still sprout sought. The beginning of birth instead of destroying germs and back to green. This is proven by the fact Dr. Buchanan in 1811 he visited the Bodhi Gaya and described in the book [14] his is as follows: " the Bodhi tree is full of sap and more than 100 years old can not be., but there is a tree Similarly same place existed when stupa just completed construction . "
But in 12/1862 Sir Alexander Cunningham, the famous archaeologist of England who have contributed enormous if not primarily in the Buddhist relics unearthed not only at the Bodhi Path colon but also in other Buddhist holy places across India again commented as follows: "Bodhi tree was withered greatly, trunk leaning slightly to the west with three major branches are still green but the branch pallid others were rotting. " [15]
The second in 1871 and third in 1875, then he looked back at the tree completely withered and decayed in a short time in 1876 in a storm, the old Bodhi tree had been swept away (there image demonstrates this stage of the Bodhi tree taken by Mr. Pappe) [16], leaving only the trunk down to the west of the wall. But fortunately there are many lingering seeds to sprout buds and the child's parents had papillary tree sprouts to live there.
Then in 1880, Sir Alexander Cunningham saw the background of court Vajra (Vajrasana) revealed on backyard wall stupa. This made him think that there may be some side seal t something about old Bodhi tree ie the original Bodhi tree Buddha lived. So Cunningham had dug a short walk to the west side of the building Vajra (Vajrasana). Under sienna soil, marble court Vajra (Vajrasana) reveal, building foot high and 3 feet wide 30 feet under the Bodhi tree now lives. He also discovered two large long root tip of the old Bodhi tree. A 6.5 inches long tops, [17] and the remaining tops 4 inches long. There is a large pillar 32 feet long, 30 feet high, 14 feet thick was standing behind the temple for more than 12 centuries. It seems unlikely that there are two parts of the Bodhi tree trunk was cut into five king Sansangka 600-620.
According to Ashoka, the story narration Avadana Tishya Rakshita, Queen's reign of King Ashoka tree felling have another go, but the results are the same trees were cut. [18]
According to Mr. Cunningham said that because of the Bodhi tree is fast-growing trees and short-lived, so there must be continuity followed from the seeds germinate, from the time of King Ashoka to down to this day, perhaps over a period of 12, 15 even 20 times until the rotation continuation of life and death ... and now the Bodhi tree of life, perhaps the 20th and Chit Chat. However, according to the book Information at a Glance : [19] " Current Bodhi tree can be life 5th of the original tree that had been destroyed several times by natural disasters or man-made. "
In the annals of the Burmese king noted that Pasenadhi (Prasenajit) was built around a Bodhi tree and Dhamma-wall double wall Ashoka built here Tuesday. [20] If we accept the wall This technique is recommended that Cunningham's double walls of wood Pasenadhi king, the spike will probably rotted during the two and a half centuries between the two dynasties. Cunningham concluded that it could have been squelched when King Ashoka stupa built immediately east of the Bodhi roots.
Before us today, the Bodhi tree is so lush and green leafy dream dish for four seasons. Tree just over a hundred years old. The bottom has built a cement square roots to keep soil mounds and a large yellow cloth wrapped under a tree close to the tree religious solemnity. Approximately two meters wide has a more square wall surrounded the Bodhi tree and building Vajra. Pilgrims can go inside to admire the Bodhi tree and building this vajra. Bodhi tree is worshiped and care very carefully. There's always an Indian monk in the Buddhist temples of India (The Mahabodhi Mahavihar) or Moderators Bodhi Stupa (Buddha Gaya Temple Management Committee) are on hand to guide and visitors admire sorted on holiday tree, recite, meditate ... Especially on holidays, the place is always crowded and busy. The flowers are beautiful bright colors, the clear glass of water, pure ... are going full on building respectful and vajras under the Bodhi to make offerings to the Blessed One who, with earnest heart bowed the tree- problem as follows:
"It is under the Bodhi root Tathagata has overcome all the evil, to achieve the necessary strain position. Towards the Bodhi roots, I would like to pay homage to mind. Blessed - masters of the sky who was respected and worshiped the Bodhi tree, the roots also apply towards this supreme Bodhi, please sincere homage! "[21]
Today, Buddhism is vivid flourishes in India, especially in Bodhi Gaya which has become the main center of the Buddhist world. In good development situation, the Bodhi tree is also transforming itself emanates sacred spiritual vitality. It is a reasonable period, a positive way history, memorabilia about root Bodhi Bodhi Gaya at least in this time era XXI right?END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.26/3/3014.NAM MO SAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).
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