LESSON 07:PHILOSOPHICAL VEN.

Ven (上座 部), sa. sthaviravada, also called Theravada, or called Theravada or Southern Buddhism transmission. This sect formed in the first century after the Buddha entered Nirvana. The Theravada means "teaching of the elders"

I concept Venerable Ministry :

Ven (上座部), laid. sthaviravada , also called Theravada , or called Theravada or Southern Buddhism transmission. This sect formed in the first century after the Buddha entered Nirvana. The Theravada means "the teachings of the elders . " So many books to the Presbyterian ministry is a school of Buddhism comes from Discrimination (sa. vibhajyavadin ), by Category-event-related-from-to-self (pi. Moggaliputta Tissa ) established. Of virtue as well, there is much disagreement within the Venerable. On now Ven the spread in the country Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Laos, it is also known as Theravada Buddhism today.

Venerable is the schools themselves as Theravada. Venerable said that the classics written in in Pāli system [1] his is the main language of the theory of Buddha. Teachings of Ven mainly consists of the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, Dependent Origination and Anatta theory . Venerable stressed capable individual free himself by persistently keeping the precepts and live a life of dignity. Results are from a stock of Ven is the A-la-drought [2]. Teachings of Ven trend analysis, in which the A-spleen-reach-ma (sa. abhidharma ) plays an important role. Also Visuddhimagga (pi. visuddhi-magga ) and di-lan-King of economic problems (弥兰王所问经, pi. Milindapanha ) is also very popular. The outstanding commentator Venerable Buddhaghosa (pi. buddhagosa ), protector (pi. Dhammapala ), A-na-law (pi. Anuruddha ) and Buddha-momentum-gain-multi (pi. Buddhadatta ).

II . Establishment of Buddhist scriptures :

1 / Kiet first classic episode : As
soon as the Lord Shakyamuni entered Nirvana about three phases of the moon, the saints of His disciples gathered to redefine His teachings. Time in the fifth century, Friday BCE. A single resource is discrete pieces of material research in the Buddhist sutras, or stone piers, historic places to recast an estimate, try to rebuild roads established Buddhist texts.
Places is East Bay (Saptaparna-Guha) in the mountains near Rajgir (Rajagaha), the capital of Magadha (Magadha). Signature of this collection there are about five hundred monks attend round him Mahakasyapa, (Mahakashyapa), Ananda (Ananda), priority Three Li (Upali), and a number of others in the big ten great disciples of Buddha. At the same time with the participation of Ajatasatru (Ajatashatru), the king of Magadha help for signing this episode. To rearrange the teachings of the Buddha to the Buddhist sutras. Accommodation compiler still exists to this day.

2 / Kiet for the second time :
One hundred years after the end of the First Group, a large gathering of Buddhist be summoned [3]. Anyway, at that time, the Buddhist Sangha was divided into two main branches, one branch is called Theravada or Venerable Ministry and the second branch is Mahasanghika or Mahasanghikas.
hundred years, make time social sure did change significantly, as well as the Indian way of life, and it is inevitable that differences on the interpretation of the mobile training and teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni also happened out.
Main differences in view the rules that led to The Second Volume. A group of monks of tribal Vajji (Any) Vaishali (Ti Xa Li)) is regarded as the pioneer in the introduction of a new interpretation of "Ten," the basic precepts for monks Officers in the Order, and The Conference was convened to evaluate their explanations.

10 illegal :

1 / monks ginger salt to spend the night is legal,
2 / monks finished eating, getting other foods, use two fingers to hold food to eat is legal,
3 / monks finished eating, leave the room, and sat still legally,
4 / monks finished eating, go elsewhere to eat more still legal,
5 / monks milk sugar reconciled drinking outside meals still lawful,
6 / monks drank homemade wine from fruit still legitimate,
7 / monks arbitrary large cushions or small enough with its still legal,
8 / monks can do things that time lay still did still legal, of course there are things you can do and can not do it,
9 / In a home to have a own legal team monks make up the ghost, and then to ask them to increase the acceptable methods listed drug was still legal,
10 / monks can be collected and stored in gold, silver, money is legal.
As one can see, during which the monks live a very limited life, so y pretentious any group wants to escape from the shell dogma because it is not real life so strong as proposed, the rule right to life is not something externally imposed on a fish nhan.Cho should the separation between Theravada (Venerable Ministry) and Mahasanghika (Mahasanghikas) occurs is a genuine law and sufficient .
however both traditional thing to admit: " The survival of Buddhism lies in its ability to hold and moral foundation to apply them properly to the study of Buddhist teachings into practice . "Because Buddhism is an experimental director, to catch rather than admire!

III. Doctrine of focus :
1 / Doctrine of the Four Great .
Four Noble Truths (zh.四妙谛, sa. catvary aryasatyani , pi. cattari ariya- saccani ), also known as the Four Noble Truths (zh.四圣谛), the four noble truths, which is the basic root of Buddhism. Four Noble Truths is the content of the Buddha's enlightenment experience-Caucasian-ni , and also is the main content of the lessons of the first, Zhuan Falun .
Four Noble Truths are:
1.1 hard to (zh.苦谛, sa. duhkharyasatya ), Truth of Suffering: The First Noble Truth that all forms of existence are suffering nature, imperfect. Birth, aging, illness, death, separation from a favorite, does not reach integer, are suffering. deeper, the nature of the group in the body and mind, the five aggregates [4] (zh.五蕴, laid. pancaskandha , pi. pancakhandha ), are the conditions that make up what we are suffering.
1.2 Volume dukkha (zh.集苦谛, laid. samudayaryasatya ), the truth about the arising of suffering: The cause of suffering is desire, Ai (爱, laid. trsna , pi. tanha ), find the satisfaction of desire, satisfied become satisfied perish. Assorted ham like this is the root of Samsara (zh.轮回; sa., pi. Samsara ).
1.3 Cessation of dukkha (zh.灭苦谛, sa. duhkhanirodharyasatya ), the truth of the cessation of suffering: Once the root of all craving cessation of suffering also be eradicated.
1.4 Religion substrate (zh.道谛, sa. duhkhanirodhagamini pratipad , margaryasatya ), the truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering: The method to achieve the cessation of suffering is the path of suffering eight branch, the Eightfold Path. Not understanding the Four Noble Truths is called ignorance (zh.无明, sa. avidya , pi. avijja ).

2 / Eightfold Path :
the Eightfold Path (zh. bazhengdao八正道, ja. hasshodo , sa. astangika-Marga , pi. atthangika-magga ) is the eight branch path to liberation from suffering (sa. duhkha ), is the final truth of the Four Noble Truths. primary Eightfold Path is one of 37 Bodhi section (zh.三十七菩提分) or 37 enlightenment (sa. bodhipaksika-dharma ).
Noble Eightfold Path consists of:
2.1 Right Understanding (zh.正见, pi. sammà-ditthi , sa. samyag-drsti ): keep an accurate conception of the Four Noble Truths and the tenets of selflessness.
2.2 Right Thought (zh.正思唯, pi. Samma-sankappa , desert. samyak-samkalpa ): Think or have a proper purpose , consider the meaning of four truth without error.
2.3 right speech (zh.正语, pi. sammà-Vaca , sa. samyag-VAK ): Do not lie or speak vanity.
2.4 right now (zh.正业, pi. sammà-kammanta , sa. samyak-karmanta ,): Avoid violated the law.
2.5 main clause (zh.正命, pi. Samma-ajiva , sa. samyag-ajiva ): Avoid the lines relating to kill (killed organisms) such as butchers, hunters, arms trafficking, and the drug trade.
2.6 Right forward (zh.正精进, pi. sammà-vayama , sa. samyag-vyayama ): good professional development, eradicate bad karma.
2.7 mindfulness (zh.正念, pi. sammà-sati , sa. samyak-smrti ): wake up in three ways body, speech, and Italy;
2.8 right concentration (zh.正定, pi. sammà-samadhi , sa. samyak-samadhi ): concentrate the mind on achieving four of the world (sa. arupa-samadhi ).

3 / Theory interdependence :
Theory of Dependent Origination (zh.縁起, sa. pratityasamutpada , pi. paticcasamuppada ), also called Human interdependent (zh.因縁生), and therefore includes 12 components should also named else is karmic Unknown (zh.十二因縁, laid. dvadasanidana , dvadasangapratityasamutpada ) , is one of the most important teachings of Buddhism. theory specifies that all physical and psychological phenomena make up life are in a relationship with each other, they are the cause of a factor and is the result of other factors, make a ring with twelve elements. these factors do beings keep on arising in Reincarnation [5] (sa., pi. Samsara ).'s core doctrine of dependent origination can be summed up in four categories:
a) If one exists, the other form.
b) What this arising, that arises.
c) This does not exist then the other does not formation.
d) This is killing the other one.
causes and conditions for support include 12 elements:
1 / Ignorance (zh.无明, sa. avidya , pi. avijja ), the understanding the Four Noble Truths, not understanding suffering is the fundamental nature of life;
2 / Action (zh.行, sa. samskara , pi. sankhàras ), create industrial action. This action can be good, bad or neutral calculated. Operation can be in three forms: physical, speech and mind;
3 / (zh. for识, sa. Vijnana , pi. viññāna ), as the foundation for a life. actual go into the womb. parental choice as well bad regulations;
4 / listings excellent (zh.名色, sa., pi. namarupa ), the entire fetal physical and psychological, by the Five Aggregates (sa. pancaskandha , pi. pancakhandha ) form.
5 / Clerk base (zh.六根, laid. sadayatana , pi. salayatana ), the senses, the six senses (the five senses and the ability to think is six).
6 / Promotion ( zh.触, sa. sparsa , pi. phassa ). Exposure of the senses.
7 / Tho (zh.受, sa., pi. vedanā ), is perceived by the human being with the outside world;
8 / Ai (zh.爱, laid. trsna , pi. tanha ), craving, desire comes from ignorance;
9 / Player (zh.取, sa., pi. upadana ) is the new individuals to accounting get yourself;
10 / Friends (zh.有, sa., pi. bhava ), the whole of what we call existence, life, world.
11 / Student (zh.生, sa., pi . jāti ), a new and personal world appear righteous.
12th prison (zh.老死, sa., pi. jaramarana ), because there is Born should perish.
.
4 / Anatta doctrine : (无我, laid. anatman , pi. anattā ),
is one of three properties (sa. trilaksana ) of the material. selfless attitude is the basic teachings of Buddhism, said that there is no self (sa. ātman , pi. attā ), something permanent, unchanging, consistent, independent existence in things. way, according to Buddhism, the ego, the "I" is just a subset of the Five Aggregates (sa. pancaskandha ), always change, loss and, therefore, the "I" is just a fake, associated with suffering.
Unable to have a " personal "longevity because aggregates do not a true and uniform. should be noted here that the absence of a fall. Buddha did not say does not fall, but said self can not be found in the five aggregates .
Buddha's assertion for them show, that the rebirth is determined by the deeds that they have created in the previous life. Since then, the human body and the mind to avoid karma. Or in other words, control of karma, or aware of the is the essence of beings, foot fall completely unrelated to the business and so everlasting immutable.

5 Theory A-ti-reach-ma :
Called A-spleen-talk (zh.阿毗昙) or TI-talk (毗昙) or Abhidhamma. Translate legal means For (zh.对法), Legal (zh.大法), Infinite billion legal (zh.无比法), User measures (zh.向法), Wins law (zh.胜法), Reviews (zh.论). Wear means Wins legal or irrational law (zh.无比法), because it exceeds ( abhi ) on France ( dharma ), Intellectual interpretation.
A-ti-reach-ma is the third organ. Tripitaka contains the teachings of the Buddha and his disciples with the analysis of the Heart and the phenomenon of mind. A- billion-achieve-it is the foundation of Theravada and Mahayana, as formed between 3rd century ago and the 3rd century AD. Last aggregation of A-spleen-reach-that is between years 400 and 450 AD. several A-TI-reached-as are of Ven set (pi. Theravada ), of theory Sarvastivada (sa. sarvastivada ) ... A-spleen-reach- that is the root of all schools and people use it to review to lecture households (sa., of the Sutra , pi. sutta ).
A-spleen-reach-ma Ven Buddhaghosa (zh.佛音, sa. Buddhaghosa ) complete, written documents to Pali and includes seven sets:
1 / French collective Comments (zh.法集论, pi. Dhammasangani ): talked about the condition of mind, arranged according to a different meditation and external measures, arranged in groups;
2 / Distinction Comments (zh.分别论, pi. Vibhanga ): clearly and explaining, regardless of the terms such as the Five Aggregates (zh.五蕴, pi. pancakhandha ), Xu (zh.处, sa., pi. ayatana ), Apartments (zh.根, bastard., pi. indriya ) etc.;
3 / Review (zh.论事, pi. kathāvatthu ): set 219 views debated the most and contributed to the Buddhist philosophy;
4 / Human argument Competition (zh.人施设论, pi. puggalapannati ): talking about and Saints;
5 / theoretical About Reviews (zh.界说论, pi. Dhatukatha ): talk about About (zh.界, sa., pi. dhatu );
6 / Song Comments (zh.双论, pi. Yamaka ): opinion on the question in two ways, negative and determined;
7 / mail Comments (zh. the发趣论, pi. Patthana or mahaprakarana ): talked about the relationship between law (pi. dhamma ).
A-spleen-reach-ma of Sarvastivada Theory (sa. sarvastivada ) is written in Sanskrit and Vasubandhu (zh.世亲, sa. vasubandhu ) is synthesized. A-ti-reach-ma also includes seven types, namely:
1 / volume Allergic soccer Comments (zh.集异门足论sa. sangitiparyaya ): includes sermons number system, similar to Increase Business;
2 / France aggregates excluded Comments (zh.法蕴足论, sa. dharmaskandha ): almost like Distinguish Comments in A-flat-at-ma Ven;
3 / Exam Student Comment (zh.施设足论, sa. prajnaptisastra ): Shelf presented as evidence for the supernatural, mystical;
4 / body-sufficiency review (zh. for识身足论, sa. vijnanakaya ): talk about cognitive problems. Several chapters on the point argued the same argument ( pi. kathāvatthu ), About Comments (pi. Dhatukatha ) and mail Comments (zh. the Patthana ) in the A-spleen-reach-ma Ven;
5 / environments sufficiency Reviews (zh.界身足论, sa. dhatukaya ): similar theoretical About Comments (pi. Dhatukatha ) of Ven;
6 / Products Category Comments (zh.品类足论, sa. prakarana ): including how to identify the components of teaching and the distribution their kind;
7 / Development Reviews (zh.发智论, sa. jnanaprasthana ): handle the psychological aspects of Buddhism as Custom domain (zh.随眠, sa. anuśaya ), Tri (智, sa . Jnana ), Zen (禅, marijuana. Dhyana ) and so on ... (see Tam basis).

6 / Visuddhimagga :
Visuddhimagga (zh.清净道, pi. visuddhi-magga ), which means " the path to pure ", is the name of a basic argument of Ven set (pi. theravadin ), Buddhaghosa (pi. Buddhaghosa ) developed in the 5th century. Visuddhimagga presents the teachings of self (pi . Mahavihara ), one of the schools of Pali.
Ministry of argument consists of three parts with 23 chapters:
chapter 1-2 on Gender (pi. sila ),
chapters 3-13 say regarding (sa., pi. Samadhi )
chapter 14-23 Hue (pi. Panna ).
Part say regarding articulate the methods and objects of contemplation of Ven set, capacity development and the achievement allows meditation. In Hue, Visuddhimagga presents the basic tenets of Buddhism such as the Four Noble Truths, dependent origination, the Eightfold Path ...
Pure lead is an excellent discussion, almost an encyclopedia of Buddhism and many Buddhists focus, regardless of Theravada or Mahayana. European reputation Buddhism Edward Conze has repeatedly said that, if he was carrying a book a deserted island, it is the book pure lead.

7 / Fruit monk documents :
Venerable stressed capable individual liberated by persistently keeping the precepts and live a life of dignity. noble image of Ven A-la -drought.
This is the supreme fruition when the practitioner has killed all the enemy enemy defilement, pollution; become application level Supply (应供) is worthy of offerings; or people achieve Real Birth (不生) the destruction of life and death.
A-la-han is a term only a saint, a person who has attained the "vast" (no need to learn anything else, because what the world knows) of Qingdao (sa. aryamarga ; pi. ariyamagga ), unpolluted (sa. asrava ; pi. asava ) and Defilement (sa. klesa ; pi. kilesa ) dominates. A A-la-drought have in life, even if life is swimming suffering, leisurely, liberation should still be known as Huu balance Nirvana (sa. sopadhisesanirvana ; pi. savupadisesanibbana ), while A-la-drought passed, called enter parinibbana.
A-la-drought is the embodiment of enlightenment in Theravada. Unlike the image of the Bodhisattva, the embodiment of Mahayana Buddhism of the post so the image is emphasized in order to liberate all sentient beings. A- la-droughts that have freed 10 tied the world such as: falling in, doubt, accept immersed rules, the greed, anger, colors, colorless greed, arrogance, nervous restlessness (given), ignorance. A-la-drought is considered abandoned pollution, the burden, achieved goals and the mind was free.

IV. Conclusions : In the
past we often assume that the original teachings Hinayana not put to ultimate fruition Buddha, only the Mahayana teachings are true teachings of the Buddha. contrast, Theravada monks say the new Theravada doctrine's main transmitter is Buddhism, Mahayana teachings foreign dao.vv ... The dissent did frost traditional relationship of two thousand years. Nowadays with the means of progress, all aspects of society rather change, the Hinayana and Mahayana perspective is no longer appropriate. Past research that:
1. Theravada Buddhist period to period the parties (400 years after the Buddha) is no noun Mahayana or the State excess. listings from Mahayana and Hinayana appeared simultaneously with the Mahayana scriptures about the first century before or after AD.
2. listings from Hinayana do not understand is the Venerable, which is only for the period parties, the dispute about the way practice that at that time the Ministry of schools too focused on theory and form.
3. Today there is no Hinayana system available in the world. in 1950, the Order of Buddhist Body Organic World (World Fellowship Buddhists) meeting in Colombo (Sri Lanka) agreed to remove the term Hinayana resolutions when it comes to Theravada Buddhism.
4. Doctrine assigned to two traditions: Theravada tradition and traditional development. Geographically, Lineage, known as Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism. Use words Theravada and Development said on cross-cutting of the tree of life, the Buddhist teaching, which original, primitive roots; trunk tops of the leaves develop. No tree can be called a tree without roots or ends. consistency in the educational system should be set up and not out two system primitives and Development - both complement each other. The Development Buddhist thought must legacy Theravada doctrine, if not develop doctrine will lose its value.
5. Although the Theravada tradition and Development there are differences, however, these differences have a common feature:
a /. Both are seen by Buddha Sakyamuni Form-ni masters.
b /. Both acceptance and practice the teachings of the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, Dependent Origination; accept legal publications Suffering, No, Anatta; accept path: Gender, regulations, property.
c /. Both deny a supreme being created and dominated the world.
summary, Theravada scriptures are scriptures record the Buddha, and St. fullest. scriptures This practical nature close to human psychology and social life. This is the basis of the doctrine which we take as the basis for all research. END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY THICH CHAN TANH.MHDT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUNS=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.2/2/2013.NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).